Psychlotron.org.uk Next session: studying heritability – Reading – Preparation Qs.
Psychlotron.org.uk “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to...
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Psychlotron.org.uk “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” John B. Watson (1919) •What claim is Watson making about human nature? •Which approach to psychology do you think Watson represents?
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Transcript of Psychlotron.org.uk “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to...
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ron.
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“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.”
John B. Watson (1919)
•What claim is Watson making about human nature?•Which approach to psychology do you think Watson represents?
Psyc
hlot
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org.
uk
Today’s session
You will learn how to... You will learn about...
Describe the assumptions of psychological approachesDescribe and apply psychological approaches & theories
BehaviourismClassical conditioningThe work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson
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Behaviourist assumptions
• People are products of their environment. All complex behaviours have been learned.
• Learning – and consequently behaviour – is under the control of the environment.
• Doing psychology means understanding what people have learned and how.
• Only observable behaviour should be studied, speculation about mental processes should be eliminated
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Behaviourism: SR Units (reflexes)
S RStimulus is detected by an organism
Organism emits a
response
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What are the responses?
S R
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Classical conditioning
• A theory about how humans (and other animals) learn.
• A process for creating new SR units from existing ones
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Pavlov’s (1901) Study
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Classical Conditioning
S R
Food Salivation
Salivation
Salivation
Food Bell
Bell
UCR
UCR
CR
UCS
UCS NS
CS
+
A new SR unit
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Classical Conditioning
S R
UCR
UCR
CR
UCS
NS
CS
UCS+
A new SR unit
An existing SR unit
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‘Little Albert’
Noise Fear UCR
UCR
CR
UCS
UCS NS
CS
+RatNoise Fear
Rat Fear
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Classical conditioning
• Stimulus generalisation• Stimulus discrimination• Extinction
