PROTISTS KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA FUNGUS – PROTISTS ANIMAL PLANT.
Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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Transcript of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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Protists
KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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Protists
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
• Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.
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Protists
• Animal-like protists consume other organisms.
– heterotrophs – single-celled
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Protists
• Plantlike protists are photosynthetic.
– single-celled, colonial, or multicellular– no roots, stems, or leaves
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Protists
• Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms.
– heterotrophs – can move, whereas fungi cannot
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Protists
Protists are difficult to classify.
• Protista is one kingdom in the domain Eukarya.
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Protists
• Protist classification will likely change.
– Some protists are not closely related.– Molecular evidence supports reclassification.
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Protists
KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.
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Protists
Animal-like protists move in various ways.
• Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
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Protists
• Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates.
– flagella help zooflagellates swim – more than 2000 zooflagellates
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Protists
• Some protists move with pseudopods.– change shape as they move – amoebas
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Protists
– foraminifera
• Some protists move with pseudopods.– change shape as they move – amoebas
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Protists
• Some protozoa move with cilia.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
– cilia help protists swim and capture food– more than 8000 ciliates
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Protists
Paramecia have contractile vacuoles to expel excess water. To avoid an obstacle, they back up, and move away in an avoidance reaction.
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Protists
Some ciliates remain attached to a surface. Stentor is an example.
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Protists
Some animal-like protists cause disease.
• Protists cause some well-known infectious diseases.
sporozoiteshuman liver
liver cells
developedparasites
red bloodcells
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes.
• Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies.
• A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water.
Malaria Infection
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Protists
Trypanosoma
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Protists
Giardia
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Protists
Trichonympha lives with termites, digests wood. • Both species benefit, so this is called mutualism.
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Protists
Algae are plantlike protists.Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular.
• Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae.
colonycolony
daughter colonydaughter colony
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Protists
Volvox daughter colonies leaving the mother colony.
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Protists
• Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists.
pellicle
nucleus
chloroplast
eye spot
contractilevacuole
flagellum
– mostly photosynthetic – some heterotrophic – single-celled – one or two flagella
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Protists
• Euglena moves toward the light, which is known as a positive phototropism.
• Has a red eyespot, which is light sensitive
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Protists
• Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists.
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
– have two flagella – may be bioluminescent – have stiff protective plates – can cause red tide
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Protists
Noctiluca scintillans
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Protists
• Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells.
– shells made of silica – produce large amounts of oxygen
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Protists
More diatoms
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Protists
• Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments.
– Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b. – Brown algae contain chlorophyll c.
– Red algae contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin.
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Protists
Red algae is used to make agar, food thickener, and medicine capsules.
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Protists
Spirogyra : a type of green algae
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Protists
Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists.
• Slime molds have both funguslike and animal-like traits.– decomposers, like fungi – can move, like animals
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Protists
• Slime molds can be plasmodial or cellular.
– Plasmodial slime molds are giant cells with many nuclei.– Cellular slime molds contain independent cells.
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Protists
• Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists.
– one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine
of Ireland in the 1800’s – made of branching strands of cells – can be parasites of plants or fish