19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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Transcript of 19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
• Protists are eukaryotes (meaning they have a nucleus and
other organelles) that are not animals, plants, or fungi.
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
• Animal-like protists consume other organisms.
– They are called heterotrophs – They are often predators.
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
• Plantlike protists are photosynthetic.
– single-celled, colonial, or multicellular– no roots, stems, or leaves
KelpDiatoms
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
• Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. – heterotrophs – can move, whereas fungi cannot
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
Protists are difficult to classify.
• Protista is often called one kingdom
• But it may be broken down into more than one after scientists learn more about them.
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19.1 Diversity of Protists
• Protist classification will likely change. – Some protists are not closely related.– Molecular evidence supports reclassification.
Know this!!
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs
that can move.
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
Animal-like protists move in various ways. • Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
• Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates.
– flagella help zooflagellates swim – more than 2000 zooflagellates
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
• Some protists move with pseudopods.– change shape as they move
– amoebashttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmWIMxW-GkQ&feature=related
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
Forams
• Some protists move with pseudopods.– change shape as they move
– amoebas and…
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
• Some protozoa move with cilia.
macronucleus
food vacuole
oral groove
micronucleus
contractile vacuole
cilia
– cilia help protists swim and capture food– more than 8000 ciliates
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19.2 Animal-like Protists
Some animal-like protists cause disease. • Protists cause some well-
known infectious diseases. sporozoiteshuman liver
liver cells
developedparasites
red bloodcells
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by
mosquitoes. • Sleeping sickness is caused
by Trypanosoma and spread by flies.
• A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread
through water. Malaria Infection
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
KEY CONCEPT Algae are plantlike protists.
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular. • Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called
algae.
colonycolony
daughter colonydaughter colonyVolvox
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
Protists(Diatoms)
Do photosynthesis, but are protected by a silica (glass) shell
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
• Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists.
pellicle
nucleus
chloroplast
eye spot
contractilevacuole
flagellum
– mostly photosynthetic – some heterotrophic
– single-celled – one or two flagella
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
• Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists.
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
– have two flagella – may be bioluminescent
– have stiff protective plates – can cause red tide
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
• Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments.
– Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b.
– Brown algae contain chlorophyll c.
– Red algae contain chlorophyll a and
phycoerythrin.
thickening agents used in ice cream like agar and
carrageen come from Red Algae!
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
Many plantlike protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
• All algae can reproduce asexually. – Multicellular algae can fragment.
– Chlamydomonas divides into zoospores.
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19.3 Plantlike Protists
• Some algae produce sexually. – Some species alternate generations.
– Sexual reproduction can be triggered by environmental stress.
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19.4 Funguslike Protists
KEY CONCEPT Funguslike protists decompose organic matter.
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19.4 Funguslike Protists
Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists.• Slime molds have both funguslike and animallike traits.
– decomposers, like fungi – can move, like animals
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19.4 Funguslike Protists
• Slime molds can be plasmodial or cellular.
– Plasmodial slime molds are giant cells with many nuclei.– Cellular slime molds contain independent cells.
Watch ‘em move:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SdadVrVMK4
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19.4 Funguslike Protists
• Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists.– one type of water mold
caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800’s
– made of branching strands of cells
– can be parasites of plants or fish
– If you see a dead-fish with filiments on it, that’s a watermold