PROTEINS Chapter 7. Building Blocks of Proteins? Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group R O NH2 C...
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Transcript of PROTEINS Chapter 7. Building Blocks of Proteins? Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group R O NH2 C...
![Page 1: PROTEINS Chapter 7. Building Blocks of Proteins? Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group R O NH2 C C OH H.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020417/56649e3c5503460f94b2e32a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PROTEINS
Chapter 7
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Building Blocks of Proteins?
Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group
R O
NH2 C C OH
H
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Examples of Amino Acids
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Essential versus Non-essential
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Limiting Amino Acid
CCCCC AAAAAAAA CAR CAR CAR RRRRRR CAR CAR R A A A
C is the limiting amino acid in this example
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Limiting Amino Acids
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Complementary Protein
Food 1 Food 2
CC CCCC AAAA AA CAR CAR
CAR RRR RRR CAR CAR
CAR
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Dietary Aspects
PKU = Phenylketonuria
Vegetarian Diets
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Protein Synthesis
Step 1: Transcription
Step 2: Processing
Step 3: Translation
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Transcription
Formation of RNA from DNA template
A C T G A T
U G A C U A
DNA=
RNA=
CODON #1 CODON #2
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Condensation Synthesis
Peptide bond
Dipeptide
Tripeptide
Oligopeptide
Polypeptide
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Levels of Protein Structure
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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Denaturation of Protein
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Turnover and Metabolism
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Protein Digestion
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Absorption of Amino Acids
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Functions of Proteins Supplies nitrogen in a
useable form
Structural components
Blood clotting
Maintain fluid and acid/base balance
Immune function
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Functions of Proteins
Hormones and enzymes Insulin and Thyroxine Pepsin, Trypsin
Visual processes
Formation of glucose (Gluconeogenesis)
Energy Source (4 kcal/energy)
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RDA for Protein Promotes equilibrium 0.8 gm of protein / kg of healthy body
weight 154 lb. = 70 kg 2.2 kg/lb.
70 kg x 0.8 g protein = 56 g protein kg healthy body wt
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Proteins in Foods
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Proteins in Foods
Americans tend to eat more animal protein than plant protein (70%)
There are many benefits to eating more plant proteins:
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Plant Protein
No cholesterol Low in saturated fat High in (soluble) dietary fiber
and phytochemicals
HOWEVER: Somewhat less efficient (than
animal protein) Lacking in one or more
essential amino acid
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Types of PEM: Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Causes: Famine Anorexia Intestinal disorders
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Kwashiorkor
Low protein density diet
Energy needs are marginally met
Subcutaneous fat is present
Poor growth, edema, weakness, apathy, diarrhea, listlessness
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Marasmus
Starving to death “skin and bones”
appearance Insufficient protein,
energy, nutrients Little or no
subcutaneous fat Reduce brain
growth
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Nutrition Perspective
Vegan - primarily eats only plant foods Fruitarian - primarily eats fruits,
honey, and vegetable oils Lactovegetarian - consumes plant
products and dairy products Lactoovovegetarian - consumes plant
products, dairy products, and eggs