Properties of Matter Atom-Periodic Table

8/11/2019 Properties of Matter Atom-Periodic Table

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How is the Periodic Table Separated?

Objective- Understanding the PeriodicTable

Metals, Non-Metals( Gases),

Metalloids, Rows(Periods) andColumns (Groups)

Do Now-9/12/14


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What does Periodic Mean?

The word "periodic"means that there is a

repeating pattern --that is, the propertiesof the elementsrepeat with each row

-- or period -- of thetable.


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How to Read the Periodic Table


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First, let's look at the columns (groups) androws(periods) of the periodic table.


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Groups or Families

The verticalcolumns of theperiodic table(there are 18) arecalled groups orfamilies

Elements in thesame group or familyhave similar but notidenticalcharacteristics


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Periods

The horizontal rows ofthe periodic table arecalled periods

Elements in a period arenot alike in properties

As a rule, the firstelement in a period isusually an active solid,and the last element in aperiod is always aninactive gas


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Atomic size decreasesfrom left to right across aperiod, but atomic

mass increases fromleft to right across aperiod.

Atoms on the left of theperiod therefore, are

usually larger andmore lightweight thanthe smaller, heavieratoms on the right of theperiod.


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Think Inside the Box

When you look at the

periodic table, you

should notice that each

box represents adifferent element, and

each box contains vital

information about the

element, including itsname, symbol, atomic

number, and atomicmass


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Do Now: Explain how the periodic table is broke

Down?

Period, Groups, Metals, Non-metals and MetalloidsObjective: SWBAT to understand how the periodic tableis constructed

9/15/14


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Think inside the Box

The top number is theatomic number.

Every element has its ownunique atomic number.

The atomic number tellshow many protons are inone atom of that element. Italso tells us how manyelectrons

Since no two elements havethe same atomic number, notwo elements have the samenumber of protons.


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The large letter is

the element's

symbol. Each element has its

own unique symboland name.


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Below the symbol is

the element's

atomic mass

The atomic mass, is

the total number of

protons and

neutrons


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Metals, Non Metals and Metalloids


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Metals, Non metals and Metalloids

Most periodic tables

contain a stair step line

which allows you to

identify which elementsare metals, nonmetals,

and metalloids. (in this

table its the purple

boxes)


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Metals

Most elements are

metals 88 elements

to the left of the stairstep line are metals

or metal likeelements


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Characteristics of Metals

Phys ical Propert ies ofMetals:

Luster (shininess) Good conductors of heat

and electricity High density (heavy for

their size) High melting point Ductile (most metals can

be drawn out into thin

wires) Malleable (most metals can

be hammered into thinsheets)


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Characteristics of Metals

Chemical Propert ies of

Metals:

Easily lose electrons

Corrode easily.

Corrosion is a gradual

wearing away.

(Example: silver

tarnishing and ironrusting)


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What are the Physical and Chemical characteristics of

Metal

SWBAT: Understanding the elements that make upthe periodic table

Do Now-9/17/14


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Alkali Metals- Group 1 of the periodic table

They react with other elements by losing one electron . These elements are so reactive theyare never found as an uncombined metal in nature, they are found as only compounds

They react vigorously with water to produce hydroxides and release hydrogen. Theirchemical activity increases as you move downward through the periods from Li to Na to K,etc.

Alkali metals tend to lose one electron and form ions with a single positive charge.

A few important ones include Potassium- found in bananas and other foods, Sodium-

compounds are found in seawater and table salt (NaCl) and Lithium-which is used inbatteries

Alkali metal


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Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2

Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium,Strontium, Barium, Radium (group 2)

Fairly hard composition

Good conductors of electricity

They are only found in nature as acompound

Calcium-essential for bones andmuscles

Magnesium- Found in ladders,airplane parts and car wheels


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Transition Metals

Periods 3-12

They include iron, copper,nickel, silver and gold

Most are shiny and hard

They make colorful compounds

And all are good conductors of

electricity

They are less reactive than the

first 2 periods . Thats why these types of

metals look good even whenvery old

We would not survive with Iron

( it forms the core of a moleculecalled hemoglobin whichcarries oxygen in ourbloodstream)


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Non Metals

Nonmetals are found

to the right of the

stair step line. Theircharacteristics are

opposite those of

metals.


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Characteristics of Non-Metals

Phys ical Propert ies ofNonmetals :

No luster (dull

appearance) Poor conductor of heat

and electricity Brittle (breaks easily) Not ductile

Not malleable Low density Low melting point


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Characteristics of Non-Metals

Chemical

Propert ies of

Nonmetals : Tend to gain

electrons


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Non -Metals

The 10 out of the 16 of non-metals are Gases at room

temperature

The air we breathe is mostly amixture of two nonmetals

Nitrogen(N) and Oxygen (O)

Carbon, Iodine and Sulfur aresolids at room temperature

Bromine is the only one that isa liquid


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The Carbon Family

Each element has atomsthat can gain, lose orshare four electrons

In Group 14, Carbon is theonly non metal

Compounds made ofmolecules containing

long chains of carbonatoms are found in allliving things


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Nitrogen Family Group 15 contains two non-metals, nitrogen and

phosphorus

The atmosphere is almost 80% Nitrogen (N2)

Nitrogen is an example of an element that occurs innature in the form of DIATOMIC MOLECULESN2 A Diatomic molecule- consists of two atoms

Living things need nitrogen all though most arent able to

use it from the air, however certain bacteria can use thisnitrogen to form compounds in a process called NitrogenFixationthis is how plants can take up nitrogencompounds in the soil. Also fertilizers are full of Nitrogencompounds


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Halogen Families

Group 17 Contains Fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine andastatine

These elements are also knownas Halogens- which meanssalt forming

All but Astatine are non-metals All Halogens are very reactive

and the uncombined elementsare dangerous to humans

Fluorine is so reactive that itreacts with almost every otherknown substance .

Even water will burn in fluorine

Chlorine gas is extremelydangerous but it is used in very

small amounts in watersupplies to kill bacterias


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Do Now: What element is this sentence talking about?

Compounds made of molecules containing longchains of (blank) atoms are found in all living things

SWBAT: Understanding the elements that make upthe periodic table


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The Noble Gases

Alone in the upper leftcorner of the periodic table

It makes up 90% of theatoms in the Universe

But only 1% of the Earths

crust

Group 18 is known as theNoble gases

They are usually unreactive

Helium and Neon are the mostfamous ones

Helium was discovered when aScientist was studying the Sun

Neon is found in manyelectrical glowing signs

Hydrogen


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Metalloids


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Properties of Metalloids

Physical Properties ofMetalloids:

Solids

Can be shiny or dull Ductile (elastic)

Malleable(flexible)

Conduct heat and

electricity better thannonmetals but not aswell as metals


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Review Table consists of

different Elements

Elements are made ofatoms

The Periodic table ismade out of Groups andfamilies (up and down)

The periodic table is

made out of periods (leftto right)

There are metals, nonmetals and metalloids


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A little more Review!
http://youtu.be/CnjxrFNie5I?t=12m24s


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Tell me one Metal, one Non-metal

(gases) and one Metalloid

On your way out!

Properties of Matter Atom-Periodic Table

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