PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Properties of Matter8th Grade Science

Types of PropertiesPhysical: properties that

can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter

Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)

Biological: properties of that distinguish living from nonliving matter (growing, moving, reproduce, breathing, responding)

Physical Change

• A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.

• Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving

• Physical changes are easy to undo.

Chemical Change

• A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.

• You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur!

• Examples of chem. changes:baking a cakerusting

Important TemperaturesMelting Point: The temperature when a solid

becomes a liquid.Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid

becomes a gas.Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid

becomes a solid.Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas

becomes a liquid.

Brittleness

Definition:

• The ability to break or shatter easily

Example:

ClarityDefinition:

• The ability for light to pass through matter

• Transparent: all light passes through• Translucent: some light passes through • Opaque: no light passes through

Color - way an object reflects or emits light

Density

Definition:• Degree of

Compactness

• Mass per unit volume

Example:

• D=M/V • g/l, g/ml, or

g/cm3 • Lead is used for

fishing weights because it is more dense than water

Ductility

Definition:

• The ability to be drawn into thin wires

Example:

• Copper is used to make wires

Form

Definition:

• The structure in the matter

• Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline

• Irregular – no pattern

Hardness

Definition:

• The ability to resist scratching

The Mohs Hardness Scale:

1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond

Luster

Definition:

• The ability to reflect light

• Shiny: more reflection

• Dull: less reflection

Magnetism - ability to attract

Malleability

Definition:

• The ability to be pounded into thin sheets

Example:

• Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

Mass

Definition:

• The amount of matter

Example:

• Triple beam balance to measure

• Measured in gram units

Odor

Definition:

• The smell or non smell of matter

• Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet

Solubility

Definition:

• The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance

Example:

• Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee

State

Definition:

• The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

• Ice = Solid• Water = Liquid• Helium = Gas• Lightning = Plasma

Texture

Definition:

• Describing the surface of the matter

Examples of textures:

• Rough -• Smooth -• Sharp -• Soft -• Hard -• Bumpy -

Thermal Conductivity

Definition:

• The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else

Example:

• Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

Electrical Conductivity

Definition:

• The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow)

Example:

• Metals and non metals

• Conductors – good conductivity

• Insulators – no conductivity

Viscosity

Definition:

• The ability for matter to flow

Example:

• Viscous and non- viscous

• Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

Volume

Definition:

• how much space matter takes up

Example:

• Irregular objects: Water displacement

• Regular objects use measurement

• Liters or m3

• 1ml = 1cm3