PROJECT MANAGEMENT COURSE - BACHELOR of ... PROJECT & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1 ECM 527 ©Sheila...
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ENGINEERING PROJECT & RESOURCE MANAGEMENTECM 5271
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ENGINEERING The American Engineers’ Council for Professional
Development has defined engineering as follows:
“ The creative application of scientific principles to design or developstructures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, orworks utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct oroperate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecasttheir behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects anintended function, economics of operation and safety to life andproperty.”
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PROJECT PMBOK GUIDE:
Project, as defined in the field of project management, consists of atemporary endeavor undertaken to create a product or service.
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RESOURCESAmerican Heritage® Dictionary
Something that can be used for support or help The total means available for economic and political
development, such as mineral wealth, labor force, and armaments.
The total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labor, and raw material; assets.
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MANAGEMENT
Management in business and human organization activity, in simple terms means the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to: Acquire and apply management concept in the work
environment. Utilize the system approach to develop basic and
comprehensive project plans. Develop and implement effective project monitoring
and control system in work environment. Understand the activities to be carried out and
undertake problem identification and solution during a project closing.
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES(CONTINUED) At the conclusion of this course, the student should
be able to: Understand how the construction industry operates,
its products, the sectors involved and their functions. Communicate effectively with the community at
large by understanding the social, cultural, global and environment responsibilities of a professional engineer.
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TOPICS
Introduction to management concepts History and current developments in project
management. Project management in Malaysia Project management definition Project planning Project monitoring and control Project closure Engineering economics Decision making strategies under various
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TODAY’S LESSONINTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS9
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LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the conclusion of this lesson, the student should be able to: Relate the significance of studying management to
work performance Appreciate and understand the role and
responsibility of a manager Understand the management process Begin developing skills necessary for holding
management positions
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WHAT IS WORK?
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WHAT IS WORK?
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Definition of Work in Physics
When a force acts to move an object, we say that Work was done on the object by the Force.
Work = Force X Distance Travelled
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WHAT IS WORK?
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Work (in management) is an activity that produces value for
other people
The need for work to be done well enough that people, organizations, and society as a whole may prosper is what makes the study of “managers” and “management” so meaningful.
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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
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Management is the process of planning, leading, and
controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance
goals
Henry Mintzberg (management theorist) – It is the manager who determines whether our social institutions serve us well or whether they squander our talents and resources
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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
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“The art of getting things done through people”
[M. P. Follett, quoted in Daft 1993]
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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
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“The Manager’s job can be broadly defined as deciding what should be done and getting other people to do it.”
[Rosemary Stewart quoted in Mullins 1999]
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WHAT IS MANAGER?
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A manager is a person in an organization who is responsible for the work performance of one
or more other persons
Managers serve in positions with wide variety of titles, such as supervisor, team leader, division head, administrator, vice president and so on. Managers are persons to whom others report
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WHAT IS A MANAGER?
Someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process
Someone who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads, and controls human, financial, physical, and information resources
[Griffin 2003]
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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO? Effective managers utilize organizational
resources in ways that result in the following: High performance outcomes
Performance effectivenessPerformance efficiency
High levels of satisfaction among people doing the workQuality of work life
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Performance effectiveness – output measure of task or goal accomplishment
Performance efficiency – a measure of the resource cost associated with goal accomplishment
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WHAT DO WE MEAN BY… Effectiveness?
The degree to which goals are achieved Making the right decisions and successfully
implementing them Doing the right things in the right way at the
right times Efficiency?
Using minimal resources to produce the desired volume of output
Using resources wisely and in a cost-effective way Operating in such a way that resources are not
wasted
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PERFORMANCE EFFECTIVENESS ANDPERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY
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Effective but not efficient:
Some resources wasted
Neither effective nor efficient:
Goals not achieved; resources wasted in the process
Efficient but not effective:No wasted resources, but goals not achieved
Effective and efficient:Goals achieved and resources well utilized; area of high performance
High
GoodPoor
Poor
Goal
attainment
Resource Utilization
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A HIGH QUALITY OF WORKLIFE OFFERS SUCH THINGS AS
Adequate and fair pay for a job well done Safe and healthy working conditions Opportunity to learn and use new skills Room to grow and progress in a career Protection of individual rights Pride in the work itself and the organization
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THE MANAGERS CHALLENGE
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Manager’s Boss
Production Manager
Manager’s Subordinates
Work Unit performance:
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Accountability
Dependency
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KEY CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT
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The four functions of management• Planning• Organizing• Leading• ControllingSometimes a fifth is added:• Staffing
Attainment of organizational goals in an effective & efficient manner
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FOUR FUNCTIONS DEFINED
Planning Setting an organization’s goals and selecting a
course of action from a set of alternatives to achieve them [Griffin 2003]
Deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it
Organizing Determining how activities and resources are
grouped [Griffin 2003]
Determining the composition of work groups and the way in which work and activities are to be coordinated
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FOUR FUNCTIONS DEFINED
Leading The set of processes used to get organizational
members to work together to advance the interests of the organization [Griffin 2003]
Motivating and communicating with the organization’s human resources to ensure goals are attained
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FOUR FUNCTIONS DEFINED
Controlling Monitoring organizational progress towards goals
[Griffin 2003] The process of comparing results and expectations
and making the appropriate changes And that pesky fifth one: Staffing
The recruitment, selection, assignment, training, development, evaluation and compensation of staff
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MANAGEMENT LEVELS (TYPICAL)
28SOURCE: Adapted from Thomas V. Bonoma and Joseph C. Lawler, “Chutes and Ladders: Growing the General Manager,” Sloan Management Review (Spring 1989), 27-37.
/CIO
CTO
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MANAGEMENT LEVELS DEFINED
First line Managers directly responsible for day-to-day operations supervise and coordinate the activities of
operating employees Middle Managers
work in the middle levels of the organization responsible for sections or departments supervise and coordinate the activities of
lower-level managers responsible for implementing the policies and
plans of top managers
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MANAGEMENT LEVELS DEFINED
Top (or Senior) Managers usually form a team manage the organization’s overall goals, strategy,
and operating policies responsible for the entire enterprise
Middle and top managers may also be: Functional Managers
responsible for a distinct function in the enterprise
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HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCES
Functional managers Responsible for departments that perform a single
functional task General managers
Responsible for several departments that perform different functions
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MANAGERS BY AREA
Marketing Managers Work in areas related to getting consumers and
clients to buy the organization’s products or services Financial Managers
Deal primarily with an organization’s financial resources
Operations Managers Concerned with creating and managing the systems
that create organization’s products and services May be IT managers in IT businesses (but even
then are primarily focused on production)[Griffin 2003]
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MANAGER BY AREA
Human Resource Managers Human resource planning, recruiting and selection,
training and development, designing compensation and benefit systems, formulating performance appraisal systems
Administrative Managers Generalists familiar with all functional areas of
management and who are not associated with any particular management specialty
Other Kinds of Managers Specialized managerial positions directly related to
the needs of the organization May include IT management
[Griffin 2003]
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KEY MANAGERIAL ROLES
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Informational Interpersonal Decisional
•Monitor•Disseminator•SpokespersonPositions the manager so as to facilitate the sending and receiving of information
•Figurehead•Leader•LiaisonInvolves the manager in relationships with other individuals both inside and outside the firm
•Entrepreneur•Disturbance handler•Resource allocator•NegotiatorThe manager uses the available information to make important decisions
SOURCE: Adapted from Van Fleet, David D., Contemporary Management, Second Edition, Houghton Mifflin 1991[Munsterberg]
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CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT
Managerial activities involve variety fragmentation brevity large volume of work performed quickly
To illustrate: First line managers in an industrial firm may
average over 500 incidents a day [Handy 1995] In a study of 100 managers over four weeks, each of
them had on average only nine periods of half an hour without interruption [Rosemary Stewart]
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MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Management skills required by management levels
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Top Managers
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
Non-managers (Personnel)
Conceptual Skills “People” Skills Technical Skills
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FUNDAMENTAL MANAGEMENTSKILLS Technical
Skills necessary to accomplish or understand the specific kind of work being done in an organization
Interpersonal Ability to communicate with, understand, and
motivate both individuals and groups Conceptual
Ability to think in the abstract and to see the organization as a complete unit and to integrate and give direction to its diverse activities so that objectives are achieved
[Griffin 2003]
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FUNDAMENTAL MANAGEMENTSKILLS Diagnostic
Ability to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation
Communication Abilities both to convey ideas and information
effectively to others and to receive ideas and information effectively from others
Decision-Making Ability to recognize and define problems and
opportunities correctly and then to select an appropriate course of action to solve the problems and capitalize on opportunities
[Griffin 2003]
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FUNDAMENTAL MANAGEMENTSKILLS
Time-Management Ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to
delegate appropriately[Griffin 2003]
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CHAPTER CHECKOUT1. For most organisations, top
management consists of ___________ .a. any manager above the level of foreman.b. the chief executive officer, the president, and his vice president.c. the chief executive officer only.d. the chief executive officer and the president only.
2. The management functions are _______.a. planning, organising, staffing, leading controlling.b. organising, selling, accounting, leading, controlling.c. planning, accounting, leading, controlling, organising.d. planning, organising, selling, leading, controlling.
3. The categories of management roles are _______ .
a. figurehead, leader, liaison.b. monitor, disseminator, spokesperson.c. interpersonal, decisional, entrepreneur.d. interpersonal, informational, decisional.
4. The skills that all managers need are ________ .
a. planning, organising, controlling.b. conceptual, technical, human.c. effectiveness, efficiency, planning.d. interpersonal, decisional, informational.
Answers 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.b
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