VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY -TECHIMAN CAMPUS

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON:

YIELD AND COST ANALYSIS OF SPRING ONION PRODUCTION UNDER

ORGANIC AND INORGACNIC FERTILIZATION (POULTRY MANURE AND

N.P.K.)

“A CASE STUDY AT VVU TECHIMAN CAMPUS”

A PRESENTATION BY

SHEILA OWUSU

(211AB01000009)

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• INTRODUCTION• PROBLEM STATEMENT• AIMS AND OBJECTIVES• LITERATURE REVIEW• MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY• EXPECTED OUTCOME

SPRING ONION

INTRODUCTION

• Spring onion (Allium fustulosum) belongs to the family Alliaceae.

• It has elongated food storage leaves which are hollow and rounded. It also has a short bulb stem and a fibrous root system which exists at the base of the bulb stem (Tindall, 1986).

• It originated in Siberia, and is very popular in the East where it is known as Japanese leek.

INTRODUCTION

• The plant requires a well-drained and moist soil. It cannot grow in the shade and it prefers a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. But lower pH of about 4 is satisfactory in organic soils (Brewster, 1994).

• The 'stem' is the main edible part of the plant and is used mainly in salads.

• The bulb of spring onion contains an essential oil that is rich in sulphur compounds (Nguyen and Thi Nhu, 1989).

• It is antibacterial and antiseptic (Duke and Ayensu, 1985). It is used in the treatment of colds and abdominal coldness and fullness (Yeung, 1985).

INTRODUCTION

• The juice of the plant is used as a moth repellent. The whole plant is said to repel insects and moles (Riotte, 1978).

INTRODUCTION

• Poultry manure is an efficient organic fertilizer and is also an important source of plant nutrients. It contains 3.03%N,2.63%P2O5 and 1.4% of K2O.

• It releases nutrients to the soil and also improves the physical properties of the soil as well as enhance the growth and yield of spring onions.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Framers in the industry do not know which fertilizer regimes(organic or inorganic)to apply to spring onions to get maximum output.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

AIM• To assess the yield potential and cost of producing spring onions

using different fertilizer regimes of (poultry manure)and inorganic fertilizer(NPK15-15-15)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• To assess the yield potential of spring onion under organic fertilization(poultry manure)

• To estimate the cost of producing spring onion• To assess the yield potential of spring onions under inorganic

fertilization.(NPK 15-15-15)

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Spring onion (Allium fistulosum). It is grown throughout the world, but the main area of cultivation remains Eastern Asia; from Siberia to Indonesia.

• In Africa, it is only locally important and its cultivation is reported from Sierra Leone, Ghana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe).

LITERATURE REVIEW

• The entire plant may be pulled and eaten like a green onion or leaf portions may be snipped off and used for flavoring (Stephens, 2009).

LITERATURE REVIEW

IMPORTANCE OF SPRING ONION

• They can be chopped and added to sauces, stir fries, and used in other dishes.

• They can also be grilled and eaten plain, or roasted and served as a garnish or side vegetable.

• Some people enjoy eating spring onions raw with a little bit of salt. They can also be used raw in salads (Christman, 2009).

LITERATURE REVIEW

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SPRING ONION

• Spring onions are a good source of fibre and calcium.

• They provide high levels of Vitamin C as well as potassium.

• They also supply carotenoids and chlorophyll.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Spring onions are grown from sets planted by mid-March, while bulb onions are commonly started from transplants.

• Depending on plant spacing, 50,000 to 120,000 onions are planted per acre.

• Because onions have poorly developed root systems, plants will require supplemental moisture via irrigation.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• SEED RATE - 4kg/ha

• PLANTING TIME - At the start of the cool season

• RECOMMENDED VARIETIES-

a. White Lisbon

b. Yellow Bermuda

• CROPPING SEASON- April to October

LITERATURE REVIEW• SPACING

Between rows: 50cm

Plants within rows: 8cm

• GERMINATION : 6 to 10 days after sowing

• FERTILIZER/ MANURE

NPK : 13:13:21 200kg/ha basal at planting.

Urea: 100kg/ha Side dress 4-6 weeks after planting.

Poultry Manure: 5 tones/ha

Mix well in the soil 2 weeks before planting.

METHODOLOGY

• Materials needed are;Land for production.Spring onion seeds namely ()Inorganic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer.Knapsack sprayerPesticidesWeedicides

MATERIALS AND METHOD

DATA TO BE COLLECTED Plant height. Number of leaves per plant. Time of flowering initiation No of tillers per stand. Number of man days Date of harvesting No of days to maturity Cost of seeds Cost of land preparation Cost of fertilizers % germination numbers of leaves

MATERIALS AND METHOD

The four treatments are as follows;T1 – No fertilizer.T2 – Inorganic fertilizer.T3 – Organic fertilizerT4- organic + inorganic

The two varieties to be used are as follows;V1 – (Ghana variety)V2 – (Burkina variety)

MATERIALS AND METHOD

TREATMENTS Two(2) varieties will be used with 4 levels of

fertilizer and 4 replications under complete randomized block design

The treatments will be V1T1, V1T2, V1T3, V1T4 V2T1, V2T2, V2T3,V2T4 because of the two varieties.

MATERIALS AND METHODV1T1 –Ghana variety with no fertilizer.V1T2 –Ghana variety with inorganic fertilizer.V1T3 – Ghana variety with organic fertilizer.V1T4 – Ghana variety with organic and inorganic

fertilizer

V2T1 –Burkina variety with no fertilizer .V2T2 – Burkina variety with inorganic fertilizer .V2T3 – Burkina variety with organic fertilizerV2T4 –Burkina variety with organic and

inorganic fertilizer

• THE FIELD LAY OUT UNDER COMPLETE RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN

MATERIALS AND METHOD

BLOCK1 (R1) BLOCK2 (R2) BLOCK3 (R3) BLOCK4 (R4)

V2T4 V2T1 V1T4 V2T4

V1T4 V2T3 V1T3 V2T2

V2T1 V1T2 V1T1 V1T4

V2T3 V2T4 V2T2 V1T2

V2T2 V1T1 V2T4 V1T1

V1T1 V1T4 V2T1 V2T3

V1T3 V1T3 V2T3 V1T3

V1T2 V2T2 V1T2 V2T1

MATERIALS AND METHOD

DATA ANALYSIS The data collected from the various plots will be

analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SOURCE OF VARIATION

DEGREE OF FREEDOM (df)

Total 31

Treatments 7

Replications 3

Error 21

RESEARCH SCHEDULE

ACTIVITIES TIME REQUIRED (MONTHS)

OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH

LITERATURE REVIEW

LANDPREPARATION

PLANTING

DATA COLLECTION

CULTURAL PRACTICES

HARVESTING

DATA SCREENING

DATA ANALYSIS

REPORT WRITING

REPORT EDITING AND SUBMISSION

EXPECTED OUTCOME

• Organic manure (poultry manure) has little or no residual effect on the field of spring onion establishment or any other crop for that matter, furthermore, it improves the soil structure by way of restoring the soil to its natural state unlike inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) which has residual effect on the soil in the long run hence, it is expected that, soils containing organic matter would yield more than soils containing inorganic fertilizer in terms of spring onion production

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONThe expected results from the project is foreseen to help improve the production of spring onion in Ghana and the world as a whole.

REFERENCES

• http://www.turnersandgrowers.com/assets/A-Z-Produce

/SPRING-ONIONS.pdf

• http://www.agriculture.org.fj/_resources/main/files/Spring%20Onion.pdf

• http://www.annettemcfarlane.com/Stories/Onions.pdf

• http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CDBREC/introsheets/onions.pdf

• (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg033)

REFERENCES• . (IFOAM (2002). Training Manual for Organic Agriculture in the

Tropics, Compiled by FiBL. )

• (http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/hort/veg/cp/onions/f03099.pdf)

• AMAS, (2001). Use of poultry litter for vegetable production. Food and Agricultural Research Council, Réduit, Mauritius.

• Dikinya, O. and Mufwanzala, N. (2010). Chicken manure-enhanced soil fertility and productivity: Effects of application rates. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. 1(3): 46-54.