Influence of the tropical intra-seasonal variation on wintertime stratospheric ozone over East Asia and Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex

Chuanxi Liu1, Yuli Zhang1, Yi Liu1, Viktoria Sofieva2, and Erkki Kyrölä2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing

2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Project ID: 10577 Chemistry Climate Change

Motivation A multi-timescale investigation of the chemistry and climate in middle atmosphere A focus on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS)

Motivation A multi-timescale investigation of the chemistry and climate in middle atmosphere A focus on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS)

Sudden Warming

Stratospheric O3 Intrusion

(Liu et al., 2013)

O3 Trend over Beijing

(Wang et al., 2012)

EOFs of the GOME tropospheric ozone over EAsia (Liu et al., in press)

Polar Vortex Disturbances

Dragon II

Madden-Julian Oscillation

Madden-Julian Oscillation (a.k.a. Intraseasonal, 30–60 day oscillation)

• Dominant component of the intraseasonal (30–90 day) variability in the tropical atmosphere

• Slow eastward propagation (~5 m/s) of the well-organized convections

• Associated with large-scale anomalies of

Rossby/Kelvin waves, precipitation, and atmospheric compositions

• Important for extended-term weather forecast

Indian Pacific

Background

Madden and Julian [1972]

Precipitation anomalies associated with MJO

Background

Blue: positive anomalies (enhanced convections) Red: negative anomalies (suppressed convections)

Background Definition of the 8 MJO phases

Eastward propagation

Based on the locations of the enhanced convection (i.e., postive precipitation anomalies)

Strongest around phase 3

Much weaker in phases 7-8 and 1

Background MJO’s influence on atmospheric dynamics and compositions

Transport the air from maritime boundary layer into the UT, and sometimes produce extremely low ozone events in the UT. Wong and Dessler [2007]; Ziemke et al. [2007]; Cooper et al. [2013]

• Tropics and Sub-Tropics

Gill [1980]

Monsoon systems, ITCZ, tropical cyclone, ENSO

Tian et al. [2007]; Li et al. [2012; 2013]

Anticyclones Cyclones

MJO’s convective heating in Tropics

Lower Troposphere

Upper Troposphere

Elevated Tropopause Depressed Tropopause

Rui and Wang [1990]

Negative column ozone anomaly Positive column ozone anomaly

Background MJO’s influence on atmospheric dynamics and compositions

• Tropics and Sub-Tropics

• Extra-Tropics (via Rossby-wave train or teleconnection) MJO’s influence on atmospheric dynamics and compositions

Background

Interacts with storm-track, blocking, polar vortex, NAO/AO

Trenberth et al. [1998]

• How can MJO influence stratospheric O3 over East Asia ?

• How well do ESA’s satellites characterize the MJO

signal in stratospheric O3 over East Asia ?

• How well does NCAR’s chemistry transport model reproduce the MJO signal in stratospheric O3 over East Asia ?

Part I

• ERA-Interim reanalysis

• Satellite measurements from MIPAS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY

• Model simulation from SD-WACCM

Data and Methods

• To isolate the intra-seasonal variation associated with MJO, a band-pass filter (20–100-day) has been applied to the daily anomaly.

Data and Methods (Continued)

IV/V

II/III

VI/VII

VIII/I

MJO-related O3 anomalies over East Asia

Negative O3 anomalies are over East Asia, when the MJO moves from Indian Ocean towards western Pacific (i.e., MJO phases 4~6).

MJO-related precipitation anomalies in DJF

MJO-related column ozone anomalies between 200 and 20 hPa

MJO-related tropopause anomalies

The MJO modulates stratospheric O3 via its influences on tropopause height.

P4~P5

P2~P3

P6~P7

P8~P1

MJO-related tropopause pressure anomalies

Latitude-Altitude distribution of O3

“barrier” for the latitudinal mixing

North

Alt

MJO-related variation in subtropical jet

The MJO can modulate UTLS O3 in subtropics via its influence on subtropical jet.

Rossby waves shift Jet

North

90oE

200-hPa U

• Different features over the Tibetan Plateau and East China

• Difference between ERA-Interim and SD-WACCM

Vertical profile of the MJO-related O3 anomalies

ERA-Interim MIPAS SCIAMACHY GOMOS

Tibetan Plateau

East China

Zhang et al., 2015 (in press)

All data highlight the different vertical structures (Dr. Yuli Zhang’s poster) !

Satellite Measurements

Units: DU/km

The different results in GOMOS measurements can be attributed to sampling issues and retrieval bias (see Dr. Zhang’s poster for details).

ERA-Interim SD-WACCM

Tibetan Plateau

East China

Model Simulations

Liu et al., 2015 (in press)

The different vertical structures are also reproduced by the chemistry-transport model .

ERA-Interim SD-WACCM

Model bias

Amplitude of MJO-related O3 signal in model is larger than that in ERA-Interim.

O3 Temperature

The temperature in the model is highly consistent with ERA-Interim. But, the calculated O3 concentration is much higher in the UTLS.

• The MJO signal in the stratospheric ozone over East Asia has been examined using ERA-Interim, satellite measurements, and chemistry transport model.

• All datasets have highlighted the different vertical structures of MJO-related ozone anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and East China.

• We have discerned a positive model bias in the amplitude of MJO-related ozone anomalies in the UTLS region.

Summary of Part I

• Relationship between tropical MJO and NH stratospheric polar vortex, especially the major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events

Part II

They are different, in terms of tropospheric precursors, stratospheric structures, and downward weather influences.

e.g., O’Neill [2003]; Charlton and Polvani [2007]; Matthewman et al. [2009]; Martius et al. [2009]; Castanheira and Barriopedro [2010]; Cohen and Jones [2012]; Hitchcock et al. [2013]; Mitchell et al. [2013]; Seviour et al. [2013]

vortex-displacement (VD) SSWs vortex-split (VS) SSWs

Two types of major SSWs

Background

VD SSW central dates

VS SSW central dates

29 Feb 1980 02 Jan 1985 04 Dec 1981 08 Dec 1987 24 Feb 1984 14 Mar 1988 23 Jan 1987 22 Feb 1989 15 Dec 1998 26 Feb 1999 20 Mar 2000 18 Jan 2003 16 Dec 2000 24 Jan 2009 02 Jan 2002 09 Feb 2010 07 Jan 2004 21 Jan 2006 24 Feb 2007 22 Feb 2008

12 VD events 8 VS events

Major SSW events (1980-2010)

Evolution of OLR anomalies before the central dates

Vortex-displacement Vortex-split OLR is averaged for every 6 days. No band-pass filter has been used !

Stationary OLR anomaly Synoptic scales can also be important !

Vortex-displacement events

Eastward propagating OLR anomaly MJO dominates the OLR variability !

Vortex-split events

Liu et al., 2014

• Influence of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the connection between MJO and SSW

Interannual variation in the MJO-SSW connection

QBO dependence of different types of SSWs

VD SSW central dates

QBO index

29 Feb 1980 –1.22 04 Dec 1981 –0.26 24 Feb 1984 –0.24 23 Jan 1987 –0.05 15 Dec 1998 –1.01 20 Mar 2000 1.04 16 Dec 2000 –0.14 02 Jan 2002 –0.79 07 Jan 2004 –0.98 21 Jan 2006 –1.75 24 Feb 2007 0.99 22 Feb 2008 –1.77

VS SSW central dates

QBO index

02 Jan 1985 –1.14 08 Dec 1987 0.50 14 Mar 1988 0.44 22 Feb 1989 0.32 26 Feb 1999 –0.42 18 Jan 2003 0.71 24 Jan 2009 1.09 09 Feb 2010 0.04

10 out of 12 VD-SSWs during eQBO 6 out of 8 VS-SSWs during wQBO

Similar results based on 50-hPa and 30-hPa QBO index.

Zonal-mean U anomalies for different types of SSWs

Vortex-Displacement Vortex-split

eQBO wQBO

Zonal-mean U anomalies for different QBO phases

Liu et al., 2014

Influence of QBO on MJO-related planetary waves

Vortex-displacement Vortex-split

25-day after MJO phase 3 during wQBO

25-day after MJO phase 3 during eQBO

Liu et al., 2014

100-hPa EP-flux and 300-hPa Jet-stream

Northward propagation !

WN-1

patterns

Eastward propagation !

WN-2

patterns

• Connection between MJO and stratospheric dynamics in boreal winter is examined.

• Relationship between MJO and vortex-split SSW is stronger than that between MJO and vortex-displacement SSW.

• MJO-related dynamical disturbances in extratropics are modulated by stratospheric QBO.

Summary of Part II

Thanks

For

Your Attentions !

P4

P2

P6

P7

P3

P5

MJO-induced shift of subtropical Jet

U over Tibetan Plateau U over East China