Project development methodology I - Lunds universitetMenuItemByDocId... · Course objectives for...

Project development methodology I

JAMR25 Human Rights in the Field

Amelie SällforsDirector of Europe OfficeLund, 29 September 2017

General discussion

• Why do we carry out HR projects and programmes?

Raoul Wallenberg Instituteof Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

Course objectives for the Programme Development methodology sessions I,II & III

• Understand the complexity of implementing human rights law

• Understand and be able to work with strategies to implement human rights effectively in practice

• Understand how to assess human rights problems in practice and how change can be promoted

And more concretely:• To provide knowledge relevant for carrying out the

course assignment


Programme Development Methodology I, II & III

• 6 x 45 minutes – 29 Sept and 2 October• Capacity Development + All steps of Project design• Theory ⇒ Practice• Interactive


Programme Development Methdology IOutline

• The basics/fundamentals of designing a project to bring about human rights change in practice:– Introduction– capacity development + General HRBA– Problem analysis– Objectives and strategies– Results and monitoring/measuring results (Monday)


Human rights based approach

The UN Common Understanding on HRBA

• GOAL: All programmes of development cooperation, policies, and techical assistance should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the UDHR and other international HR instruments

• PROCESS: Human rights standards should guide all development cooperation and programming in all sectors and phases of the programming process

• OUTCOME: Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of duty-bearers to meet their obligations and rights-holders to claim theirrights

HRBA cont’d• Human Rights define both the GOAL and the PROCESS

of any development intervention• GOAL = Human Rights Treaties

Obligation of duty bearers to respect, protect and fulfil HRs

• PROCESS = HRBA principles• Pay attention to most marginalized groups• Frames relationship between rights holders and duty

bearers • Extends and deepens participation• Enhances local ownership

HRBA

• Principles of the UN Common Understanding: – Universality and Inalienability– Indivisibility– Interdependence and interrelatedness– Equality and non-discrimination– Participation and Inclusion– Accountability and the Rule of Law

• Sida principles: – Participation, Equality, Transparency, Accountability

Key Benefits of a HRBA• Promotes realization of HRs, helps government

partners achieve human rights commitments• Increases and strengthens participation of local

community• Improves transparency• Promotes results• Increases Accountability• Reduces vulnerabilities• More likely leads to sustained change as human rights-

based programmes have greater impact on norms and values, structures, policy and practice.

HRBA to development (programming)

• Adress human rights violations, in a human rightsbased way

• Human rights based approach to development– An approach to development that sees human rights

as central both regarding the aim of development –fulfillment of human rights – and the process –ensuring that human rights are considered during the implementation of any development project.


So how do we do it?• Key issue?• – do your situation / context analysis

– What is the problem you seek to address?


Introduction• Main causes preventing the realisation

of international human rights law in practice?

(discuss two and two)⇒Lack of political will⇒Insufficient capacities(A Human Rights Approach to Development – A Primer for Development Practitioners, A Tomas 2005)


Capacity development • What is it?• Capacities – abilities

– Individual level (knowledge, skills and attitudes)– Institutional/Organisational level (mandates,

processes, structures, resources etc)• Capacity development

– ..enhance the knowledge and skills of a particulargroup to enable them to fulfil their obligations and/or claim their rights.. (Indicators for Human Rights Based Approaches to Development in UNDP Programming: A Users’ Guide, UNDP, 2006)


HRBA in programming

CLAIMING AND EXERCISING

RIGHTS

FULFILLING OBLIGATIONS

REALISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN

DEVELOPMENT GOALS

HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITIES FOR ACCOUNTABILITY

CAPACITIES FOR EMPOWERMENT

CLAIMING AND EXERCISING RIGHTS

FULFILLING OBLIGATIONS

REALISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT GOALS

HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITIES FOR ACCOUNTABILITY

CAPACITIES FOR EMPOWERMENT

HRBA

Kenyan examplehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5P93m2FlpTY


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5P93m2FlpTY

Programme planning

• Key issue in all programme management?

⇒Identify the PROBLEM • Context specific and in HR terms• Who has the capacity gap/s?


So how do we do it?

Human rights violation?• Situation analysis

– Conventions and treaties, UN reports, NGO reports etc– What is happening to whom, where and why– Participatory process

Capacity gaps- Rights holder? Duty bearers? - Why are the rights holders not enjoying/claiming these rights (capacity gaps) - Why are duty bearers not fulfilling their obligations? (capacity gaps)

Programme addresses capacity gaps – both RH and DB?Does legislation need changing? Are more resources needed? Is there a lack of knowledge of human rights?

Human rights ensured

Programme planning

1. Identify the main problem - HR2. What are the causes to this problem?3. What are the effects of this problem?4. Who are the rights holders and duty bearers

in relation to this problem? What are theircapacity gaps?


Problem Analysis

“Root cause analysis”“Results mapping”

A person with a bad headache goes to see a doctor. The doctor prescribes a pain killer without any further detailed diagnosis.

Without finding out what is causing the headache, it is likely that the pain will persist as soon as the medication wears off. There has been no detailed analysis of the problem.


Programme planning

1. Identify the main problem2. Who are the rights holders and duty bearers

in relation to this problem? What are theircapacity gaps?

3. What are the causes to this problem?4. What are the effects of this problem?


Steps

1. Situation analysis What are the underlying and direct causes of the

issue at hand (context analysis/problem tree)

2. Role/Pattern Analysis3. Capacity Analysis4. Identification of Priorities (Objectives and Strategies)5. Program of cooperation


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”Problem Tree”Effects

Main problem

Causes

Effect

Describe the problem(Tree trunk)

Effect Effect

Cause Cause Cause

Branches(above the

trunk)

Roots(below

the trunk)


28

Country

Problem Analysis“In city X the majority of children finalises elementary school. However, the dropout rate is significantly higher among girls than among boys for the next level of education”

• What is the main problem? (jointly) HR problem• Groups of four:

– Who are the RH/DB? What are their capacity gaps?– Possible causes (of the main problem) –WHY?

(existing causes)– Effects of the main problem - What does this

problem result in/lead to?Post-it and flipcharts


29

Problem Analysis - SummaryWhy is the analysis important?

Sets the stage for much of the project design and intervention Problem analysis is a critical stage of

project planning, as it guides all subsequent analysis and decision-making on priorities. Human rights issue at stake?


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Objective Setting

Objectives

To change the unsatisfactory situation the problems imply, we must instead look at what the corresponding desirable positive situations would be.


32


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”Objectives Tree”Overall

objective

Main/project Objective

Results and approaches

Result

Objective – vision statement (by the end of 2019…)

result Result

Approach Approach Approach

Setting Objectives”Negative” problem ⇒”positive” objective

Task (3 persons per group): • Review the previous example regarding girls’

education • Try to formulate the problem statements as

objectives– Main problem ⇒ Project objective– Causes ⇒ ‘Positive’ Results (what makes the

cause go away)– Effects ⇒ Overall objective


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The Objectives-Tree

While the problem tree shows the cause and effect relationship between problems

The objectives-tree shows the means - end relationship between objectives


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36

Country

Bildnummer 1Bildnummer 2General discussionCourse objectives for the Programme Development methodology sessions I,II & IIIProgramme Development Methodology �I, II & IIIProgramme Development Methdology I�OutlineHuman rights based approachBildnummer 8The UN Common Understanding on HRBAHRBA cont’dHRBAKey Benefits of a HRBAHRBA to development (programming)So how do we do it?IntroductionCapacity development HRBA in programmingHRBAProgramme planningSo how do we do it?Programme planningBildnummer 22Bildnummer 23Programme planningBildnummer 25Steps �”Problem Tree”Bildnummer 28�Problem Analysis�Problem Analysis - SummaryBildnummer 31��Objectives��”Objectives Tree”�Setting Objectives��The Objectives-Tree��Bildnummer 36

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