5974/E

OF THE DIRECTOR—GENERAL AND DIVISIONAL DIRECTORS OCR Output

PROGRESS REPORTS

Geneve — 19 December, 1957

NINTH SESSION OF COUNCIL

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH

ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE

0ERN/249

5974/e Padua, in September. A research group is now being established in_ OCR Outputdiscussed in wider circles at the international conference in VeniceTheoretical Division prepared a draft programme, which was alsoa research programme for the CERN 25 GeV Proton Synchrotron. The

Preliminary work has been started on the preparation of

arise in the next few years.operation in 1960 as planned, provided that no unforeseen difficultiesaccording to schedule and the machine can be expected to come intoaccelerator components will start early next year. Work progressessoon, as after many years of preparation the actual assembly of the

The Proton Synchrotron Division will also enter a new phase

retical physicists.of extremely fruitful co—operation between experimental and theoIn this respect CERN might well be unique in the world as an exampleready to give to the experimental physicists, is of utmost importance.

The assistance, which the Theoretical Division is always

leading part.Director of Research in the SC Division, is taking an active andout, in which Professor Bernardini, who was recently appointed

An interesting programme of research will now be carried

form experimental research with a CERN machine.tists and visiting scientists from Member States can actually perOrganization, because the phase has now started when CERN scienThis fact has undoubtedly given rise to a new atmosphere in theinto operation practically on the date foreseen many years ago.

On l August l957, the CERN 6OO MeV Synchro—cyclotron came

their work have been greatly facilitated.operation between the various Divisions and the co—ordination ofpractically the whole staff was installed on the Site, so that coprogressed according to schedule. At the end of November 1957accelerators and on the buildings at the CERN Site at_Meyrin has

During the period under review construction work on both

by the Direct0r—General

INTRODUCTION

AND DIVISIONAL DIRECTORS

PROGRESS REPORT OF THE DIREOTOR4GENERAL

Original : Englishcmam/249

5974/S

CERN Conference will be sent out shortly. OCR Output

University of Rochester, Rochester (N.Y.) USA. Invitations to thefamous international conferences held for 7 years in succession at theon High Energy Nuclear Research in Geneva as a continuation of similar

Preparations are being made for the Eighth Annual Conference

the Organization.the general standard of physics research and is of great benefit tooffered by the Ford Foundation. This certainly adds considerably tonow pursuing their studies inthe CERN Laboratories through the grants

Several first class physicists from non member states are

considered to be of great importance to both the Member States and CERN.cyclotron by visiting teams from Member States. Such co—operation isAdvisory Committee to the Director—General on the use of the Synchro

During August 1957, a first meeting was held of the

part in establishing CERN's good name all over the world.Niels Bohr, and later under Professor Mbller has played a considerablethis Division, which initially under the leadership of Professorprogress reports. lt is fitting to record here our gratitude towork accomplished by the Copenhagen Division were given in precedingterminated its work. Detailed descriptions of all the importantat CERN in Geneva, and the Theoretical Division in Copenhagen thus

From l October l957, theoretical studies were concentrated

Divisions is to be found in the reports of the Divisional Directors.Detailed information on the progress of the work in the

the machines.

this introduction as being of great value for experimental work with. mental evaluation of track chamber pictures might be mentioned in

rapid development of bubble chambers and of methods for the instruIn the Scientific and Technical Services Division, the

mental research in physics.evolve the best method of using the Proton Synchrotron for fundasearch. A joint effort of CERN should thus make it possible toSynchro-cyclotron to test apparatus and eventually to do some reand with the Theoretical Division. The group will be using thethe STS Divisions, with the apphed physicists in the PS Divisionclose co-operation with the experimental physicists in the SC andSynchrotron, but it is considered essential that it should work inThis research group will have its headquarters near the Protonresearch work. Detection methods also have to be studied carefully.time the machine is finished in order not to delay the starting ofmay take many years to construct and it should be available by theequipment, required for research with the machine. Such equipmentbe engaged on the design and construction of the heavy experimentalCERN in order to study the programme in detail and it will first

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5974/9 in 1958OCR Outputinformation gained by this study will be used to plug the gaps earlyimportant geographical areas with weak coverage of CERN, and theshow interest in CERN activities. The analysis did, however, show upshowed that about 450 newspapers in all parts of the world regularlythrough the medium of Argus since the start of the information services,

An analysis undertaken of all press clippings received

nearly 250 newspaper clippings having been logged to date.ful completion of the Cyclotron, received an astounding circulation,release was made in the period. This release, announcing the successin connection with important events of spot news interest, only one

In accordance with a new policy to issue press releases only

in connection with the summer Council Session.A well attended press conference and reception was arranged

printing.mitted to the Public Information Office for checking in advance of

Nearly all articles written by visiting reporters were sub

sistance was given to photo and newsreel reporters.coverage of CERN activities. On the visual information side, asMember States for on-the—spot news, feature, radio and television

Facilities were given to reporters from Member and non

CERN.

media, and laid plans for more systematic dissemination of news aboutcontinued its co—operation with the world press and other information

During the second half of 1957 the Public Information Office

l. Press, radio, television

PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE

Discovered Particles, in Venice—Padua, in September 1957.took part in the international conference on Mesons and Recently

Several CERN physicists including the Director—General

Israel, which he had been invited to attend by the organizers.at an international conference at the Weizmann Institute, Rehovoth,

The Director-General represented CERN in September 1957,

can be taken to meet fully CERN's well recognized needs.and it is hoped that at the December Session of the Council, measuresextraordinary Council session in November 1957 discussed the problemthe moment to commit themselves to providing the sums requested. Anprogramme and to the difficulties many Member States encounter atowing to CERN's increasing need for financial support to pursue its

Budget difficulties arose in the latter part of 1957

Page 5cnnw/249

5974/Gscientists in preparing articles about the organization for publishing. OCR Output

The Public Information Office assisted leading CERN

4. Miscellaneous

"tourist" groups - mainly from Switzerland - had to be turned away.in the political, scientific and technical categories, while severalof everybody who wants to see CERN. Preference was given to visitorsvisitors as the Public Information Office is not equipped to take care

Determined efforts were made to regulate the influx of

world.

visitors came from 57 countries and territories in all parts of thefacilities for 256 visits with a total of 2227 participants. The

During the period the Public Information Office gave

5. Visits

at the Globus in Zurich.show a model of the Site at the exhibition "Die unbekannte Gegenwart"

Authorization was given to the CERN firm of architects to

ators and possibly other material.

nuclear science section of the Science Hall with models of the accelerExposition at Brussels, 1958. CERN is scheduled to take part in thein the final session of the working committee preparing the World

The Public Information Officer was invited to take part

Officer.

Public Information Officer together with the Scientific Informationview of the Site. The opening of the exhibition was attended by theating machines, the Proton Synchrotron magnet blocks and a large aerialAmsterdam, with a stand including models of the Site, the two accelerof CERN in the internamnnalexhibition "Het Atoom" at Schiphol, near

The Public Information Office arranged for the participation

2. Exhibitions

keep CERN staff informed of activities in the different Divisions.to compile an internal newsletter to be issued every fortnight to

The Public Information Office is also studying a suggestion

be distributed to all interested newspapers and magazines.to ensure more regular dissemination of information about CERN, willalities and visiting scientists. The newsletter, which is designedpopular information about nuclear science and news about CERN person_the form of a newsletter every second month news about CERN activities,

Plans were prepared for a CERN feature service, giving in

Page 4

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5974/E OCR Output

for publication.of V-particles in different materials have been analysed and submitted

The results of the previous experiment on the production

and no further work at the Jungfraujoch is contemplated.is being made of high energy interactions will by then be completedshall draw to a close in the middle of l958. The present study that

__

It has also been decided that the Jungfraujoch experiment

2. The Jungfraujoch Experiment• `

already been started with a reduced staff,available for any experiment for which it is suitable. This work hasone for use with an accelerator so that, in the future, it will bechambers themselves is extremely good. It has been decided to prepare

The technical performance of the two multi-plate cloud

observations.before the apparatus could achieve any significant number ofit was clear that considerable modifications would be required5)

could be obtained with the Geneva equipment, andlsuggested that it was extremely unlikely that an adequate raterevised estimates of the possible rate of observing K—meson decays

a unique mean lifetime,that all K—meson decays are decays of one type of particle withdwindled considerably since there is now good reason to thinkthe scientific interest of the results of the experiment had

can be summarised as follows 2

performed in Geneva should be stopped. The reasons for this decisionIt was decided in October that the K—meson experiment being

l. The Geneva Multi-Plate Cloud Chambers

COSMIC—RAY EXPERIMENTS

sources was disseminated among the appropriate CERN staff,releases and bulletins as well as information gleaned from other

Incoming information in the form of press clippings, news

were given by Mr. J.R. MacCabe of the Information Office.general lectures cn CERN. In addition, lectures to local associations

Assistance was givsn to CERN staff in the preparation of

Page 5

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5974/E OCR Output

‘

experiment.

supporting any national or bi~national initiative to perform theCERN should not undertake such en experiment but should considerScientific Policy Committee in October. The SPC recommended thatlOO GeV interactions was submitted by the Direotor—Generel to the

A px0p0$al for a more ambitious experiment t0 study

5. Further W01*k'

Page 6CERN/249

5974/M

PROTON SYNCHROTRON DIVISION

DIVISIORRI DIRECTORS PROGRESS REPORTS

Original : English OCR Output

ORRN/249 (A)

5974/Ewell with the study of dynamic traversal of resonances still under way. OCR Outputwhich could be satisfactorily simulated by the analogue and fitted instacking" in the CERN Synchro-cyclotron, a phase oscillation problemof display. The analogue was also used for the study of "beamperturbation theory have been repeated using the improved technique

Most of the experiments done earlier in order to check orbit

for the study of procedures for straightening a distorted closed orbit.for the simulation of misaligned magnets. This device will be used(2) a pulse generator producing 20 adjustable kicks per revolutionpaths of one dimensional particle motion on an oscilloscope screen,improved by two additions: (l) a direct display of the phase plane

The electromechanical betatron oscillation analogue has been

a) General Problems

ORBIT THEOR; (A.Schoch and M.G.N. Hine)

been completely vacated.offices and laboratories at the Institute of Physics in Geneva have

The whole Division is now installed at Meyrin and the old

(22 November, l957).the Research Group studying new ways of accelerating particlesworking on the design and construction of the PS, plus 9 Fellows in

The staff has increased from l4B (50 April, l957) to 165

the manufacture of the equipment.approving the apparatus before it leaves the works and supervisingof the Division are resident at the contractors' works, testing andcontracts have yet to be placed in the following year. Many membersFrs.), will be placed before the end of the year. Other smallerlast major contract for a machine component (i.e. above 500,000 Sw.

The contract.for the vacuum pumping equipment, which is the

programme without any serious set—back during the period under review.The work of the PS Division has proceeded according to the

INTRODUCTION

by J.B. Adams

(1 May, 1957 - 5l october, 1957)

PROTON SYNCHROTRON DIVISION

PROGRESS REPORT

Page 7CERN/249 (A)

5974/E

circulating current. OCR Output

accelerate the electrons in the plasma and so produce the requiredtoroidal chamber situated in a betatron type field which is used toreasonable to form such a beam starting with a neutral plasma in aspace charge is partially compensated by positive ions. It seemedbased on the self-constriction of a high current electron beam whoseand lifetime to permit one acceleration cycle. Budker's proposal isplasma thread cf extremely low density, having sufficient stabilitypractical possibility, is the formation cf a very thin high currentficulty, which has to be overcome before such a scheme becomes aradii of curvature of the accelerated particles. The primary difpossibility of obtaining stronger guide fields, and therefore smallervantage of this scheme over conventional accelerators lies in theparticles which can be accelerated to high energies. The main adhigh electron current thread forming a closed ring is used to guideAccelerators in 1956. In this scheme the magnetic field inside aator proposed by Budker at the Geneva Conference on High Energysubject taken up by this group was the scheme of a plasma ring accelerfor research on new ideas for accelerators was reported. The first

In the preceding progress report the initiation of a group

5. 'RESEARCH ON NEW IDEAS FOR ACCELERATORS (A. Schoch)

can be fixed.

control equipment can be ready in time, and that thetesting programmerunning-in period of the synchrotron, so that adequate measuring and

Work has been started on procedures to be adopted during the

block testing programme have been studied.Group, and problems likely to occur in connection with the magnetface windings have been worked out in collaboration with the Magnet

The detailed performance specifications for lenses and pole

machine outside CERN is being worked on.in delivery of the CERN computer. A reduced programme for use on athe complete synchrotron has been held up because of serious delays

Preparation of the big computing programme for orbits in

b) Special Problems

on the shape of the beam in the PS is being studied theoretically.The problem of evaluation of pick—up electrode information

lO° oscillations per collision time, which makes this analogue feasible.reached. Under these conditions an electron would carry out more thanon obtaining the high vacuum required. lO" mm Hg have now beenbunch of electromagnetically suspended electrons was mainly dependent

The work on the new betatron oscillation analogue using a

Page 8cram/249 (A)

cipated. OCR Output5974/E concerning the magnetic properties is even better than was anti

two halves of the store are identical and the overall situationfinally arranged and ready for use. For all practical purposes thesteel measurements, so that the second half of the steel store islent magnetic properties. We have been able to keep apace with ourmonth ahead of the contract date, some 4,050 tons of steel of excel

The steel store contained on 15 October, 1957, i.e. one

a) Magnet Blocks

4. MAGNET (C.A. Hamm)

is being taken up.

As a second subject, the study of methods of "beam stacking"

celerator guide fields.will indicate the general utility of plasma ring discharges as ac

It is expected that the experiments which are now underway

to that due to the magnetic field shaping the ring.maintained without applying powerful stabilizing forces in additionbe answered, but it seems clear that a plasma ring current cannot betheoretically. Concerning this problem many questions have yet tocurrent against bending perturbations (kinks) has been studied

Furthermore, the problem of stability of a pinched ring

magnetic fields.field. The last method looks interesting because it does not needwhere the diffusion is quenched by a high frequency electric quadrupolement, hollow hot cathode discharges, and high frequency dischargeshave been tried, such as D.C. discharges in a Penning Gauge arrange—

Various methods of ionizing hydrogen at very low densities

have been prepared.

devices for measuring the total plasma current and the electron energyvelocities, the resulting current would be 50 — 500_amps. A few

obtained. If all these electrons are accelerated to relativistic

10— l0electrons per cm length of the toroidal chamber have beenlO ll

The properties of this plasma are being measured at present and aboutspreads around the torus guided by a longitudinal magnetic field.produced by a gas discharge at one point on the circumference whichbetatron (26 cm orbit radius) can be filled with hydrogen plasmanecessary timing and triggering circuits. The toroidal chamber of thezbank (about l0 joules of stored energy) for powering it, and thewhich has beendesigned and constructed complete with a condensor

Experimental studies have begun with an air-cored betatron,

in general.the mechanism of self—constriction, which is an oscillatory phenomenon

in a plasma (against friction due to collisions with ions), and onobtaining continuous acceleration of electrons ("run—a q¢’electrons)

Theoretical studies have been made on the conditions for

Page 9csam/rc/249 (A)

5974/E work has been completed on the coil covers. OCR Outputgress at the premises of the supplier of the stainless steel, andsensitive production permeability and resistivity tests are in pro

acceleration in the machine. In the case of the vacuum chamber

may influence the magnetic field seen by the protons during theirmagnetic testing of the constructional materials of all items which

Apparatus has been designed and constructed for the

completed.the end of the year. The 7,000 amp unit connections have beenand it is expected to complete the mechanics of the machine by about

Parts of the unit measuring machine are already installed

block production programme.confidently expect to keep the measuring programme abreast of thesatisfactorily rapid procedure has been developed, so that we mayof operating the machine for the block measuring programme and ain 105000. Much effort has gone into the study of the best methodsfield gradient from one block to another of the order of a few partsit is possible to detect significantly differences in the magnetic

The block measuring machine functions satisfactorily and

c) Measuring Programme

water cooled and insulated in the same way as the magnet coils.

be connected in a series chain. These bus bars of aluminium will belation of the complete bus bar system by which the magnet coils will

The contract has been placed for the delivery and instal

for the magnet construction is already in stock in CERN.and many other items has started and a total of some 90,000 pieces

Delivery of the supporting girders, jacks, coil protections

hoped to start the installation sometime in February.necessary. Continuous delivery will start this month, and it istrial installation in order to find out what auxiliary tools will bedelivered to CERN, and representatives from the manufacturer made acoils are ready and being tested in the factory. Eight coils were

The magnet coils are in full production. About one hundred

b) Coils and Other Major Components (C.J. Zilverschoon)

rate shortly.production problems. It is hoped to reach the maximum productionblockmaker, and there has been good co-operation in attacking thelent production apparatus has been constructed and installed by thethe trend of the production, but the situation is encouraging. Excelhave been studied magnetically. It is too early to forecast reliablyand already the first production blocks have arrived at Meyrin and

Manufacture of the closed type magnet blocks has commenced,

Page 10gsm/249 (A)

values expected from the tender samples. OCR Output5974/b, showed a decrease of r.f. losses by nearly a factor of two over the

sent along with the tender, and the cores built into the pre-prototypeto improve the quality of the ferrite over that of the test samplesalready been delivered by Philips to Marelli. Philips has been ableresonators goes according to schedule. 50 out of 58 cylinders have

The delivery of the ferrite cores for the accelerating

bay will be finished by the end of January, l958.units has been erected, and the complete installation of the test

A screened test—bay for acceptance tests of the accelerating

been carried out in close and efficient co-operation with Marelli.adapt the controls to the PS system. The corresponding redesign hasphysical layout of the electronic parts, to improve screening and tosatisfactory. It was, however, necessary to make changes in thethorough tests. The overall performance of the unit was in generaldelivered to CERN by Marelli early in September and has undergone

The pre-prototype of the accelerating units has been

a) Accelerating Units

5. RADIO FREQUENCY (Ch. Schmelzer)

assembly programme.magnetic measurements in order to determine the course of the unitWe are awaiting the magnet block delivery and the results of theof handling apparatus for the 54 ton units have proved satisfactory.Assembly jigs have been manufactured and tested, and recent trialsand installation programmed which will commence early next year.

Preparations are being made for the magnet unit assembly

e) Qnit Assembly and Installation Problems

smaller 500 KW peak power supply for the block measuring machine.operation on the ll0O KW peak power supply for unit testing and thedeveloped over the past three years and which are in successfulmethods of excitation to be used are based on systems that have beendevices will be adequately automatic and reproducible. »The basicsystems to ensure that the excitation of these various correcting

Studies are in progress to develop electronic control

for the sextupole and octupole lenses and power supplies.considered for the l400 KW peak poleface winding power supply andtheir power supplies have also been placed and tenders are beingsamples, has been placed. Contracts for the quadrupole lenses andare now solved and a contract, based on satisfactory productionconstruction of the poleface windings. It is behaved that these

Serious practical problems have been presented by the

d) Polefaoe Windings and_Magnetic Lenses

Page llCERN/249 (A)

corresponding experiments are in preparation. OCR Output5974/E allow to simulate the conditions of phase—locked beam control, and

Some changes in the arrangement of the computer will

of transition phenomena.carried out at present, and preparations have been made for the studies

The measurements of the effect of hum resonances are being

values within + 0.5 parts per hundred.for the caseqD S = 90 (no acceleration) agreed with theoreticalchronism of large amplitude phase oscillations. The results obtained

The improved analogue has been used to measure the aniso

e) Phase Oscillation Analogue

successfully tested.gain amplifiers with small and stable phase shift have been built andup electrode structure has been designed. In addition, wideband highpick-up electrodes is being carried out and a prototype for the pick

Experimental work on the design of transverse and phase

stances outlined in the CERN Symposium l956.the phase-lock system proposed for the CERN machine under the circum

Theoretical work has indicated the inherent stability of

d) Beam Control

proximately one part per thousand.per thousand linearity and a reproducibility over 8 hours of apsuccessfully, using a frequency-voltage converter with about + 1 partto be encouraging. A first servo oscillator was built and operatedon the measurement of charging current of a fixed capacitor, proved·liminary experiments with a linear frequency-voltage converter, basedcontrolled generator as alternative to the spin generator, after pre

Effort was concentrated on the development of the servo

c) Programmed Generator

experimental purposes during the running-in time of the machine.effective magnet length during the accelerating cycle, partly for+ 2% have been developed, partly in order to take care of changes oftended. Instead, means of arbitrarily modifying the programme withinConsiderable improvement of this accuracy is possible though not inthe theoretical frequency v. field law within + 5 parts per thousand.injection fields and better at higher fields. The computer reproducesany readjustments is equal to about + 0.5 parts per thousand atthorough test programme. The reproducibility over 8 hours without

The Mark II computer has been finished and undergone a very

b) Hall Computer

Page l2CERN/249 (A)

5974/E Installation has already started. OCR Outputdelivered by the manufacturers; the rest will follow early November.

Part of the equipment for the PS Main Substation has been

a) Power Engineerin

7. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (F. Grutter)

strength and is being installed.repaired. It is now vacuum tight and has been tested for mechanicalzontal accelerating column, and several vacuum leaks in it had to belens system. Some difficulties were experienced in making the horithat more current would be available by further improvements to thewas 40 ma at the bottom of the column and the measurements suggestset to the Linac Wing began. At this time the pulsed beam intensitycolumn and ion-source ended in August when the tranfer of the 500 KV

Work with the experimental set-up of vertical accelerating

of tenderers.

selecting a supplier for the matching quadrupole lenses hmm a numberof the inflector system have been ordered, and we are in course ofnew drift-tubes to contain them are in production, the bending magnetsplanned. In particular, the pulsed focusing magnets for Tank I and the

Other work of the group is going forward approximately as

repaired.» It is ready for cleaning and assembly of drift—tubes.received, and some damage suffered by the liner in transit has been

The liner and most of the drift—tubes of Tank I have been

Wing.Frequency system of the Linac are now ready for installation in theup to 2.5 MW and appear to be satisfactory. Parts of the Radiovery reliable when delivered by the firm. These have now been testedand modifying the 2 MW Radio Frequency generators, which were not

A considerable amount of work has also gone into testing

Power distribution system, installed and workingc

Tank II vacuum envelope and pumping system, 80% installed.

Tank I vacuum envelope and pumping system, installed and working.

High Tension generator (500 KV), installed.

Pumping system of 500 KV column, installed and working.

Faraday cage, erected complete.

the installation of equipment in the Linac Wing, as follows:The most important activity of the past six months has been

6. 1NJEcm10N LINEAR AccELERAm0R (H.G. Hexewaxd)

Page 15GERN/249 (A)

5974/E the specifications were sent out to tender. When the offers arrived OCR OutputFour types of vacuum chamber were under consideration when

b) Vacuum System

exchangers and other parts of the system is progressing satisfactorily.cooling system is about to start, and the fabrication of the heat

The installation of the aluminium pipes for the magnet

installed; the necessary drain pipes are already in place.The pipework for the well water supply in the ring is being

a) Cooling System

8. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (C.J. Zilverschoon and G.L. Munday)

and were sent off to possible tenderers.systems in the Linac Wing and the PS Power House have been written

Specifications for the intercommunication and public address

continued.

of control devices for the various components of the synchrotron havePlanning of the control system in general and detail design

Ring Building and the radial tunnels.the Linac Wing, and orders will soon be placed for trunking in the

The installation of cable trunking is nearly finished in

c) Cabling and Controls

magnet current at the start of the pulses have been investigated.Possible methods for achieving a slow rate of rise of

at the Baden works of Brown-Boveri.and one of the power converter sets will be subjected to load testswill be erected and tested at the Brown Boveri workshops in Mannheim,facturers. The M.G. set, including the Scherbius regulation,

The magnet power supply is nearly completed at the manu

placed for distribution boards and panels in the PS Power House.mental Hall "North" and in the Central Building. An order has beenPower distribution equipment is also being installed in the Expericables are already laid for supplying the vacuum and the RF systems.the distribution systems for the services are completed, and 580/220 VExperimental Hall "South" and in the Linac Wing. In the Ring Building

The power distribution system is nearly completed in the

the required additional equipment will soon be placed.and other parts of the Power House has been completed and an order for

A detailed scheme for the remote control of the substation

Page 14

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civil engineers Messrs. Fietz & Hauri. OCR Output5974/E wave lengths fell within 10% of the theoretical computations of the

places around the beam. The period of oscillation (/\/l sec) and thepoint and the consequent amplitudes of oscillation recorded in severalgiven very satisfactory results. Vibrations were induced at a given

Dynamical measurements of the complete annular beam have

being tried.and to rely on a statistical compensation. Other methods are alsoeasier, in most cases, to stir the air at random along the sight lineare very hard to compute correctly for long sight paths. It seemsbeing carried out and it has been found that the temperature correctkms

Studies of the optical refraction in the Ring Building are

controls of stability when the machine is working.of the theodolites. They could also be used later on as automaticof angular bearings in a short time and increasathe present accuracyour theodolites. This device will allow the taking of a great number

An "electrr:eye" is being developed in Berlin by Askania for

better than the usual metrology pulleys.a 0.5 gr sensitivity under a 20 kg charge, which is about 100 timesused for the length measurements. The results obtained so far showbearings have been developed by PS Workshop to stretch the invar wires

Special pulleys using knife—edge bearings instead of roller

Geneva, and are required to remain within 0.0l mm accuracy.and manufactured by Wild, Heerbrugg, with the collaboration of S.I.P.,the concrete beam deformations. These supports are being designedmeasured during the shortest possible time to limit the errors due toof the magnet units. It is important that these quantities can besimultaneous readings of angles and lengths during the positioningcombined supports for the theodolites and microscopes to permit

A great deal of work has gone into the development of

9. SURVEY (A. Decae)

shortly.are now being examined in detail and it is hoped to place the contractone offer using getter—ionization pumps may arrive later. The tenderspumping stations using oil diffusion pumps, but it is possible thatreceived from eight manufacturers. These offers were for completeto fifteen manufacturers; complete or almost complete offers were

The specifications for the pumping equipment were sent out

already been rolled and is about to be measured.Ugine, Gueugnon. About half the total quantity of sheet steel hastolerances on the permeability and overall resistivity by AciériesFluginox 150 for the chamber is being manufactured with very tightGallay of Geneva for its manufacture. The high alloy steel called(2 mm) type was chosen. A contract was made with the Usines Jeanand economic point of view. Finally the so-called thick-walledit was possible to assess the value of each type from the technical

Page 15GERN/249 (A)

by the end of the year. OCR Outputanxiety to the Division, can be replaced by the final installationthe present temporary power distribution, which is causing somesible to start installing the electrical equipment in order thatsection of this building is by no means finished, it has been posbe finished before the end of the year. Although the substationstation for the,whole machine. It is hoped that this building willthe magnet generators, water cooling apparatus and electrical submajor building to be completed is the Power House, which will contain

Apart from some road work yet to be finished, the last

the whole structure. It is too early yet to give any definite results.curate measurements are already being carried out on the stability ofthough the building has not yet reached equilibrium conditions, acsystem. The climatization system is now in full operation and althe foundations and is complete with the dampers and water circulatingthe ring complex the annular concrete beam is now floating free onremain several small installations, mainly services, to finish. Incomplex are all completed and occupied by the PS Division. There

The offices, laboratories, experimental halls and the ring

lO. BUILDING WORK

will have to be used to set up the magnets.clusions as to the likely deformations of the beam and the method thatthe climatization is in full operation to reach any definite conéto the survey measurements. It is necessary, however, to wait untiland these records will enable us to apply the necessary correctionsbeing measured regularly, as well as the ambient air temperatures,to temperature changes. The internal temperatures of the beam are

The first results show periodic deformations, probably due

the changes of curvature of the beam in the octogonal sectors.ments between the annular beam and the individual monuments, and also

Apparatus has been set up to record the differential move~

by surface triangulation and depth pendulums.results of the survey on the underlying rock which have been obtained0.5 mm across the diameter. This is in good agreement with theare periodic (T»~#l5 days) and reach up to now a maximum of aboutkept of the changes of dimensions of the foundations. These changesthe central monument have been installed and a record is now being

The invar wires between the eight geodetic monuments and

Page l6www/249 <A>

Direct Reading Frequency Meter OCR OutputOctober 19575974/E CERN-PS/EE Note 12, Internal RF, Electronics Grou

Thread in a Betatron Field

On Stability of a Pinched CurrentOctober 1957

A. Schoch & F. SchneiderCERN—PS/ASch-FS 1

de phase du Synchrotron

Anisochronisme des oscillationsSeptember 1957

RF GrouCERN-PS/RF Note 18

Schmelzer Magnet New PerformancesSeptember 1957

RF GrouCERN—PS/RF Note 17

and miscellaneous Measurements

Measurements on a lO—b1ock.Unit>September 1957Magnet GrouCERN-PS/MM Int. 9 Internal

de l'appareil et mode d'emploiApril 1957 (publ. July 1957) Gated Pulse Voltmeter - Description

Linac Radio Frequency GrouCERN-PS/LRF·4 Internal

March 1957 (publ. July 1957) A Gated Pulse VoltmeterLinac Radio Frequency GrouCERN—PS/LRF~5

champ magnétiqueAppareillage pour la mesure d'unJune 1957

RF GrouCERN-PS/RF Note 16

de ThyratronsCompte rendu d'essais de duréeJune 1957RF GroupCERN—PS/RF Note 15

Hall Computer Transient PropertiesJune 1957

RF GrouCERN—PS/RF Note 14

RF System IIPreliminary Block Diagram of theMay 1957

RF GrouCERN—PS/RF Note 15

Relais StandardsMay 1957 InternalPS/EE/CONT/RE,Note Technique No.l Engineering: Control Grou

Betatron Acceleration in a PlasmaMay 1957

x H.M. SkarsgardCERN-PS/HMS 1

in Accelerated Plasma Streams

Analysis of Constriction ProcessesMay 1957

J.G. LinhartCERN—PS/JGL 1

béton du Synchrotron a ProtonsEtude de la poutre annulaire deMay 1957

A.E. DecaeCERN—PS/AED 7-1

ll. PS DIVISION REPORTS

Page 17GERN/249 (A)

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SIRORRO-OYOLOIRON DIVISION

DIVISIONAL DIRECTORS PROGRESS REPORTS

Original: English OCR Output

CERN/249 (R)

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shielding of the machine will be very good. OCR Outputout with the help of the STS Division. It appears that thebeen installed. A preliminary health survey has been carriedThe first bending magnet for the internally produced mesons hasAll the apparatus for the extraction of the proton beam is ready.focusing quadrupoles for the proton beam have been delivered.now arrived and their fields have been measured. The strong

All of the bending magnets for beam—focusing have

platforms now work well.with meson and neutron channels has been built and the liftingcondenser is proceeding satisfactorily. The final neutron wallseem to have been solved, the construction of the rotatinglosses. Although the major difficulties of the tuning—forkC>I%y/qeA). The beam now goes out to the full radius withoutcurrents, though more in the case of the cold—cathode sourcehave been tested and both give satisfactory circulating beamBoth ion sources, the arc source and the cold—oathode source,system for the tuningefork has been installed and works very wellThe pulser has now been brought into operation. A new feedbacktuning—fork is serious and the radio frequency must be pulsed.It has been found too that the radio frequency heating of themodulation cycle where the oscillator went out of oscillation.spent also in eliminating resonances in the radio frequencyfinal driving mechanism will soon be installed. Some time wasstrong enough. Temporary modifications`have been made and athan the model tests had shown and the existing drive was notThe magnetic damping of the tuning—fork was considerably largersystem, the most serious of these being to the tuning-fork drive.of modifications have had to be made to the radio frequencythe full energy for the first time on l August. A large numberinto operation in this period and protons were accelerated to

All the major components of the cyclotron were brought

l. MACHINE PROGRAMME

by N. Gentner

(15 May — 15 November, 1957)

SYNCHRO—CYCLOTRON DIVISION

PROGRESS REPORT

Page l8cram/249 (B)

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Including CERN Fellows in Geneva and abroad : 115. OCR Output

5. PRESENT STARR

made.

internal team. The necessary arrangements for this are beingone man before they come to get experience working with anhave had no experience with high energy machines should sendvisitors agreed. It has been suggested that those groups whoits first meeting (CERN/SPC/48), and a tentative programme for

The Advisory Committee on visiting groups has had

in the electronics grouprbubble chamber group went to STS. A wiring pool has been formedpletely to the SC Division on 1 July, and the joint sc/srs

The joint SC/STS electronics group came over com—

being completed and results obtained so far have been published.The parity experiments with radio-active sources are

irradiated for them in the Uppsala cyclotron.The spallation group has started work on targets

ready.chemistry group cannot be started until the new building is

The emulsion group has now been formed, but the

designed and will shortly be put out for tender.designed and is under construction. The muon—channel has been

The polarized proton injector has now been completely

construction and the first scattering tables are ready.on the cyclotron. Three liquid hydrogen targets are underequipment and preliminary trials have already been carried out

The three counter groups are now ready with their

2. RESEARCH PROGRAMME

Page 19cram/249 (B)

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(CERN 57 - 45). OCR Output·l'os1llateur anharm0nique"la charge d'espaoe — l'analogie avecd'apres les données techniques en considérant"Calcul d'orbites dans un synchro-cyolotron

Keller, R., Fidecaro, M., Barbier, M.

déoembre 1957)(CERN/SC/150) (Industries atomiques,nucléaire""Interactions faibles et parité en physique

Lundby, A., Stroot, J.P.

(CERN/SC/149)Farley, F.J.M. : "A high speed pulse amplitude discriminator"

(CERN/SC/148) (to appear in Nuovo Cimento)Farley, F.J.M. "Cosmic rays in intergalactic space"

(CERN/SC/147) (to appear in Nuovo Cimento)opposite to;?—particles. Results on 46sc""Circular polarization ofy»-rays emitted

Lundby, A., Patro, A., Stroot, J.P.

(CERN/SC/146)particles with varying energy"

H. "On a problem in multiple scattering of¢veras,

(CERN/SC/145)Krienen, F. "Motion of charged particles in rotating fields"

745 - 1957)_ (cram/sc/144) (Nu¤v¤ cimento X, v01. 6,—rays and,@ -particles"

"Correlation between circularly polarizedLundby, A., Petro, A., Stroot, J.P.

(GERN/sc/145)/¢ - mesons from7f-/4-decay in flight

Citron, A.; ¢vsras, H. : "On a focusing channel for collecting

(CERN/sc/142)Keller, R. "Projst d'uns source d'ions polarisés"

(GERN/sc/141 bis)Morpurgo, M. "On a /M-masons focusing device"

(GERN-sc/4114/Exp/141)Morpurgo, M. "On a /u—mes0ns focusing device"

4. PUBLICATIONS

Page20GERN 249 (B) /

5974/e

SCIENTIFIC AND TEcHN1cAL SERVICES D1v1s10N OCR Output

D1v1s10NAL D1REcTORs PROGREss REPORTS

Original: English0ERN/249 (0)

5974/G

to cover the already formulated needs of the SC Division. OCR OutputLiquefaction runs will be carried out in December

plant is largely below the explosive limit.The highest concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere of the

A portable hydrogen detector is used for monitoring.

been reached by our liquefier during its testing in Leiden).if needed, up to a ceiling of lOO lit/hour (which has actuallyadditional compressors etc., the production can be expanded,of the plant 5O lit/hour can be produced currently; withcollaboration with our Leiden consultants. In the present stateJuly; numerous trial runs were satisfactorily performed inpurifiers, compressors, pumps, gasholders) was assembled in

The complete hydrogen liquefaction plant (liquefier,

2. LIQUEFIED GASES

of November.

and for the other sections of the Division in the second half

the Scientific Information Service in the first half of September,Permanent premises at Meyrin became available for

tasks.

and to transfer to other Divisions some of its other technical

the full responsibility for the development of bubble chambers)stress on the technique-developing activities of STS (includingas a step in this direction it has been decided to put morerecognized (see the documents CERN/GD/127 and CERN/SPC/46);of corresponding changes in CERN's initial structure has beenan initial stage of marked scientific activity. The necessitytransition of CERN from a predominantly building stage towards

The period under reference coincides with a general

l. GENERAL REMARKS

by L. Kowarski

(1 June - 5O November, 1957)

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION

PROGRESS REPORT

Page 2lCERN/249 (0)

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special keyboard. OCR Outputcation and coded signals can be recorded on the tape by aprinted circuits. Additional information such as event identificooperation with the Electronics group, using transistors andthe tape record are made by a special instrument developed inThe counting of the fringes, and the coding of this count forare measured by the Ferranti optical devices using moiré fringes.on a high precision mechanical stage. The motions of the stagethe track are projected on a screen by an objective, mountedby means of a push button, onto a punchtape. The images ofimages on a reticule, and the transfer of their coordinates,the centering of successive points of the two-dimensional trackpreliminary tests. In this veision, the manual operations are

The first prototype instrument is now undergoing

4. IEP DEYELOPMEQT

ration with the University of Grenoble.itself) at low temperatures are being carried out in collaboon the magnetic behaviour of stainless steel (for the chamberstainless steel for its vacuum tank has been ordered. Tests

Work has started on the design of the 50 cm chamber;

completed.(now in the SC Division), work on chamber controls is nearlysuccessfully. In collaboration with the Electronics sectionsuccessive valves for quick recompression has been testeddevices are being tested. An expansion system using twofaulty pumps, is now in progress. Lighting and photographyassembly of the main vacuum system, delayed by a delivery of

Testing at liquid-gas temperatures has begun. The

leaks, were brought to a satisfactory conclusion.techniques. Leak tests, after yielding the usual contingent ofsatisfactory; they made use of strain—gauge and stress-coatitself (including its glass windows and the pressure tank) were

Pressure tests, in particular those of the chamber

an occasion for initiation and training.as a detecting device, will have performed a useful function asfirst small chamber, in addition to its expected servioeabilityof our staff both in cryogenics and in bubble techniques. Thiscomplexity of the material and to the initial lack of experienceoperations take considerable time and effort owing to themain activities are those of assembly and testing. Thesechamber was completed by the end of June, and since July the

The construction of the main components of the lO cm

5. BUBBLE CHAMBER DEVELOPMENT

Page 22

cram/249 (0)

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to improve the speed of the Mercury’s output. OCR Outputand graph—plotters has been carried out in view of an attemptof commercially available high-speed tape punches, printers

(d) Output and data-presentation devices : a survey

DEUCE in London.

effect" particle accelerator : calculations completed on a(c) Analysis of the stability of a proposed "pinch

(b) IEP.- sec above under 4.

problem is now ready for detailed programming.and a desk—machine trial calculation has been carried out, The

made of the numerical methods available for this calculation

`(a) PS orbit calculations.- A detailed survey has been

Spring of l958, Work has been done_on the following problems 4anticipation of the delivery of the Mercury computer in the

Recruitment activities were recently resumed in the

5. QLECTRONIC COMPUTATION

or about to engage in similar work.formation is being supplied to outside laboratories engaged,conference on electronic instrumentation, organized by CERN. In

Two papers on IEP were given at the recent international

chamber.

taken at the cyclotron, with no magnetic field applied to theanalysis of the first bubble chamber pictures, which will beordinates of points, is also envisaged with the purpose of rapidbased on the recording of direction of lines, instead of coFollowing the example of Brookhaven, another prototype instrumentalready incorporates a buffer memory adapted to this use.the digitalized data as he progresses, The electronic circuitenable the observer to "drive" along the track, taking downfirst prototype will be fitted with servo-motors, which will

As a further development, the mechanical stage of the

coding is in progress.especially suited for the computer, have been developed; theirthe events, taking into account the optical corrections andscopic views of each event. Methods of spatial reconstruction ofmeasurements is based on a sequential recording of the stereoMercury computer for the interpretation of the tapes. The

Work has been started on the programming of the

Page 25CERN/249 (0)

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a monthly average of 55 preprints. have been received. OCR Output600 scientists in 28 countries were approached. Since JulyMuch effort has been devoted to procuring preprints : some

About 2O new exchange agreements have been established.

necessary in the near future.but some increase in the Library's permanent staff may prove(stagiaire) personnel are at present relied upon for help,and maintained as reference copies; Temporary and apprenticeperiods. More books and periodicals are being duplicatedthe Library is increasingly used as a place of work for extended

1957 was more than double those made in October 1956, andthe Library has greatly increased 2 the number of loans in October

Since the move from Cointrin to Meyrin the use of

SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

group and to the SC Division according to its present needs.established. Regular assistance is being given to the Linaccollaboration with radiological services in Geneva has beenand adopted; the necessary equipment has been assembled andwhich will be encountered in our laboratories) has been defined(necessary to meet the special characteristics of radiations

A programme of monitoring activities and of research

HEALTH PHYSICS

preliminary testing of the IEP scheme.the object of obtaining access to the Paris computer for some

Conversations with I.B.M. are in progress with

Page 24caam/249 (0)

5974/E

..-EI?}2£“l“2?UE}2Pl€§]2EYE§IQ1E

DIVISIONAL DIRSSTSRS PROGRESS REP0RmS

Original : English OCR Output0ERN/249 (D)

5974/G

has already started. OCR Outputpressed, The installation of PS control equipmentextremely well and the finishing work is also beingwithin this limit period. The concrete work proceededis very short and all efforts have been made to keepcould give all requirements and the completion datecomplex. The interval between the time the PS GroupThis is the last unfinished building of the PS

b) Generator Building and Sub-Station

maintenance of this plant,SB Division has now to take over the operation andat present, it will meet the specified requirements.system is under final tests and so far as can be seenwith minor exceptions, completed. The ventilationConstruction work and servnms for the Ring are now,

a) Ring

1) PS Buiidin

Progress of Construction

financial situation.in previous years and this is no doubt due to the generalcontractors are new sending in their accounts much earlier than

It should be noted as a matter of interest that

for installation work.

difficulties in obtaining sufficient qualified electriciansfor building work was sufficient but there have been somebetween 5OO to a peak of 952 in June. The number of workmenployed by contractors during the period under review variedproceed with little interruptions, The number of workmen emquite satisfactorily. The weather was favourable and work could

During this period the construction work progressed

General

l. CONSTRUCTION AT MEYRIN

by P. Preiswerk

l May — 2O November, 1957

SITE & BUILDINGS DIVISION

PROGRESS REPORT

Page 25

CERN/249 (D)

5974/e OCR Output

under tension.

electricity to the Laboratory Wingsis complete and has been putstalled and operating. The Sub-Station for distribution ofis now finished and the majority of machine tools are in

Apart from some internal fitting work, the building·

5) Main Worksho

foundations are practically complete.reduced programme as discussed and decided in May 1957. The

The work is now proceeding on the basis of the

4) Main Buildin

being equipped in Wing III.tank necessary for use with the radio—chemical laboratoriesConstruction is also in hand of the radioactive effluent delaypractically complete and internal work is proceeding.

The concrete work for Laboratories in Wing III is

services in the basement have yet to be completed.from Cointrin to their permanent accommodation. Some installation

The Library and Theoretical Group have been transferred

Divisions. STS Division is now moving into Wing II.Laboratories in Wing I are all occupied by SC and STS

5) Laboratory Wings

platforms are installed.Building work is complete and the two hydraulic lifting

2) sc Buiiain

in the experimental hall are being manufactured.blocks to be placed underneath the shielding bridgeinto the Ring is also installed and working. Baryterailway transportation system for movement of magnetsand erection of magnet blocks to proceed. Theinstallations have been made to enable the testingalso in use by the PS Division and the necessarylaboratories and offices. The experimental halls arePhysics, in Geneva, and moved into their permanenttheir temporary accommodation at the Institute ofAll PS staff, with the apparatus, have now left

0) Experimental Halls and Laboratories

Page 26CERN/249 (D)

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many members to work overtime, OCR Outputnotwithstanding this increase of staff, it has been necessary forwith a total of 95 for the period ending April l957» Once again,plus the Main Workshop staff mentioned above. This compares

At the end of October 1957 the total staff was ll8

it was not considered expedient to put out to contract.

increased demand on SB Division services to execute work whichon loan outside the workshop; and there has also been anDivision involved an increase of 59 staff, of whom 5 aretransfer responsibility for the Main Workshop from STS to SB

increases in staff. The Director—General’s decision toof their permanentaccommodation,there have inevitably beenas the Site is completed and other Divisions take occupation

With the increased responsibilities of SB Division,

2. STAFF

execute the final street lighting.has been sowed on the finished parts. It is now possible to

The levelling of the ground is progressing and grass

9) Surroundings

is under completion.water pumps have now been installed, Their electrical connection

The sewage treatment plant is operating and all cooling

8) Water Pump House and Sewage Works

pied by SB Division staff.Theofficepart of the building is new complete and occu

them.filled before the winter period.for fuel oil have been installed and advantage taken to havehas been delayed, will be delivered. The new oil storage tanksend of the year when the remaining electrical equipment, whichhoped to put the emergency Diesel Generator into service by theusing the new l8 kV feeders from "La Renfile" station. It is

The electrical site Sub—Station is new directly energised

7) Power House

This building has now been handed over to STS.

6) Liguid Hydrogen Buildin

Page 27oem/249 (D)

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that have taken place : Number of passengers carried : 5,199 OCR OutputThe following figures indicate the scale of movements

of November into provisional accommodation on the Site.

Cointrin. The Director—General's office will move at the endLibrary and the majority of the Administration Division fromInstitute of Physics, of the Theory Group, part of STS, themovement and installation at Meyrin of PS staff from thehas been responsible during the period under review for the

Apart from its normal duties the Transport section

l) Transport

COMMON SERVICES

its final premises, its internal organization is being reviewed.system have been drawn up. Now that the Workshop is installed induring the holiday period. A complete inventory and controloutput was only slightly effected by the move, which took placeand exclusively by the regular Workshop staff. The normalin the new premises has been dealt with in a very short timeequipment from Cointrin to Meyrin, as well as their installation

The move of all machines - about 5O in number - and

MAIN WORKSHOP

be received.

special installations and work from other Divisions continue toa small part of SB Division work and numerous requests formaintaining the existing buildings and equipment represents only

As is to be expected at this stage, the work of

demand was l’7OO kva during the period under review.consumption of the corresponding period in 1956. The maximumof about 60% over the previous 6 months, or three times theSite from l May to 51 October, 1957 was l’600?OOO kwh, an increase

The approximate consumption of electrical energy on the

and uninterrupted servicasto our client Divisions.with minor exceptions, it has been possible to provide gooda certain degree of improvisation has been necessary. Nevertheless,avoid the minimum inconvenience to staff and research generally,premises and the putting into service of new installations. Toperiod with the coincidence of divisional movements into new

This has been a particularly difficult transitionary

OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES

Page28CERN 249 (D) /

z974/S

games/reading room. OCR Outputfor the staff language classes and a room allocated for a

Provisional accommodation has also been made available

the Director-General.

at a site near the Power House, according to decision made byCar-washing facilities for the staff will be provided

lunch time.

creased and there is an average attendance of 280 persons atnumber of users of the provisional canteen has naturally in

With the augmentation of staff working at Meyrin, the

4) Facilities for Staff

security at this stage of construction, however, remains difficult.this period 5.500 passes have been issued. The problem of Sitea considerable amount of work in this—respect; for example duringtractor's personnel, the large number of visitors has entailedmentioned in the last report, quite apart from CERN and con

ln connection with the control of access to the Site

5) Site Securit

staff and has been well received.

safety codes of practice, has now been issued to members of CERNimprovements. The Safety Manual previously referred to, containingoperation with the Safety Committee, has been able to effect manynumber of accidents. Our Safety Officer, working in close cogood progress has been made by constant vigilance to reduce thetraining in tho·rudiments of First Aid. It is to be noted thatstaff. ln addition, selected personnel have been given aon their services, especially for First Aid to the construotionalServices, the personnel has also been subject to numerous demandsgenerally. As this section provides the necessary First Aidtion with the training of personnel, and fire protective servicesunder review, but the Fire Service has been very active in connec

There have been no serious fires during the period

2) Fire Services and First Aid

specialist team for heavy lifting work.section in the forthcoming months, especially on the smallequipment and this is likely to impose a heavy burden on this

has now commenced in connection with the installation of PS

A very heavy programme of transportation activities

6 times — Ambulance to Hospital : 52 times.Number of long distance journeys : 10 — Ambulance to Doctor sNumber of kilometers s 112.272 — Tonnage handled : 9.925 tons

Page 29CEHN/249 (L;

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.-.-2`EY@QE*E?E9£*T:§U2Y2]2`¥]2EYl?§ESHE

EIVISIOEAL DIRECTORS PROGRESS REPORTS

Original: Engl ish OCR Output

CERN/249 (E)

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1.10.57 — 50.9.58 OCR OutputM. Froissart Visitor (Saolay)Visit. scientistDr. L. Wolfenstein 16.9.57 — 1.9.58Visit. scientistProf. D.R. Inglis 1.9.57 - 51.8.58

Dr. Ford visit. so.de Shalit 1.10.57 — 50.9.58

Dr, Ford visit. sc.Salam short visits

Dr, Ford Fellow l.lO.57 — 50.9.58UberallDr. Ford FellowToyoda 1.10.57 — 50.9.58Dr, Ford FellowYamaguchi 1.5.57 — 1.2.58

FellowSpeiser 1.1.58 - 51,12.58

FellowSergent 1.10.57 - 50.9.58

Yooooz Fellow 1.9.57 · 51.8.58

Fellow 15.8.57 — 14.8.58Fronsdal

S. FellowKohler 1.7.57 - 50.6.58Dr, FellowOmnes 1.5.57 - 50.4-58Dr. Bosco Fellow l.ll.56 - 51.5.58

SeniorDr, FellowFubini l,ll.57 — 5l.lO.58Senior FellowDr, Bodmer l.lO.57 — 50.9.58

Dr. SeniorGlaser Fellow l.lO.57 — 50.9.58

Dr, FellowKanellopoulos Senior 10.9.57 — 9.9.58

Dr. Senior FellowWildermuth 1.9.57 — 51.8.58Dr, Senior Fellow 5.7.57 — 4.7.58Moliere

1.8.57 — 4.8.58Prof. V.F. Weisskopf Guest ProfessorStaff memberDr. A. Petermann joined l Sept. 1957

Dr. H. Hagedorn Staff member

Staff memberDr. F. Cerulus

Staff memberDr. J. Prentki

Dr. B.G. d’Espagnat Staff member

Prof. B.G. Ferretti Divisional Director

follows 2

The staff situation of the Theoretical Division is as

-PEEQ5@E£Q駧@9Q¥PIY§§EQlE

PROGRESS REPORTS

Page 50GERN/249 (E)

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Thirring 2—dimensional model.behaviour of Green's functions and research is in progress on the

As regards field theory, it is planned to study the analytical

annihilation is going on.Finally, research on the process of nucleon - antinucleon

are being made, with a view to possible experiments with the SC.Furthermore, calculations about phenomena connected with ‘K decaypole momentum of the deuteron and form factor of nucleonsois planned.is proceeding, and research on a possible relation between the quadru

BH +77

P + D

Research on the Coulomb correction for the reaction

order corrections of the nuclear structure have been terminated.

as well as research on the pion production by electrons and on higher

H+ N+->Tf· 4- \/ + N

+ N -—% 7T' + 77" + N

It may be mentioned that research on the reactions

Research related to pion physics

Division for the preparation of the experimental programme.SC Division, whereas the third sub—group collaborates with the PS

The second sub—group is collaborating particularly with the

Sub—groups meetings and discussions are held every week.

and Dr. d'Espagnat and Dr. Prentki of the third one.the first group; Dr. Fubini and Dr. Petermann of the second group,

Professor Weisskopf and Professor Inglis are in charge of

on strange and newly discovered particles.on pion physics, nucleon structure and field theory, and the thirdThe first group is working on low energy nuclear physics, the second

The Theoretical Division has been divided into 5 sub-groups.

Research Work and Programme

Page 51CERN/249(E)

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energy physics. OCR Output4 December Prof. H.S.W. Massey Problems in ultra—high

November Prof. O. Chamberlain Antinucleons

nucleon system.resonance state of the pionThe ground states and the

November20 Prof. G. Bernardini The structure of the nucleon.

particlestheory of elementary

November W. Heisenberg.Prof. General remarks on the

with nucleihaving energy of§(l BeV

November LindenbaumProf. Collisions of particles

mechanical

October Prof. E.R. Caianiello The brain 2 human and

matter

October Prof. V.F. Weisskopf On properties of nuclearl6

Date Speaker Subject

Geneva, 1957

PS Conference Room CERN

List of Joint Colloquia

have been held until now;

supervision of the Theoretical Division. The following colloquiaUniversity of Geneva are now being held at the CERN site under the

The Joint Colloquia with the Institut de Physique of the

Joint Colloquia

physicists in the other Divisions.and will soon start a regular course of lectures for experimental

Members of the Theoretical Division are giving seminars,

research with the PS.

which should be used in connection with the planning of experimentalmultiple pionsproduction and on the production of antinucleons,

The third_sub-group is also carrying out calculations on

study the law of conservation of nucleons.and on the K+ — N and KK‘K7T interactions, and it is intended toinvestigations have been made on weak c0upling,0n hyperon decay,

With regard to the activities of the third sub—gr0up,

Page $2

CERN/249 (E)

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éQ¥§NI§@Eé@§Q¥Q£YE§IQ§

R1v1S1¤RRL DIRECTORS PROGRESS REPORTS

SRRR/249 (R) OCR Output

5974/E

* * OCR Output

some of the teams that are notoriously understaffed.

that measures will have to be taken in due course to reinforce

next year. Accordingly it is but fair to give advanced noticely lower than the l957 Budget, no real alleviation may be expected

Unfortunately as the 1958 Budget will not be substantial

Division.

delays and subsequently to spread more evenly the many tasks of thereaching completion, so that it would be possible to make up forthe construction of the PS and of all the buildings would betheir peak in 1957 and that a recession would set in in 1958 when

It had been hoped that OERN's activities would reach

ly lagged behind, particularly in connection with accounting.times hardly possible to sustain and some of its work has increasingof 1957, though the increased effort required of it has proved atand save, it has been led to accept this situation during the whole

As the Administration Division has had to set an example

expenses remained extremely low.out at a meeting of the Finance Committee that administrativeof the three members of the Staff Advisory Committee, who pointed

This was also specifically noted by Dr. Telschow, one

compose the Division confirm this development.The figures given for each of the three services which

staff has hardly increased at all.a considerable increase in work compared with l956,though its

In l957 the Administration Division has had to deal with

by J. Richemond

(1 June — 51 December, 1957)

ADMINISTRATION DIVISION

PROGRESS REPORT

Original : FrenchPage 55CERN/249 (F)

$974/E OCR Output

ment are increasing daily.in the Member States, which are in the throes of economic develop

The difficulties of recruiting engineers and technicians

amended.

show whether it is satisfactory or whether it will have to beis made to treat all these staffs·in the same way. Experience will

In the new compromise which has been adopted an endeavour

backgrounds (university, office work, industry).knit enterprise of groups of personnel with extremely differentto overcome are those connected with the cooperation in a closeeffect on lst January, 1958. The difficulties which it is attemptedto remedy some of the defects of the old structure, will come into

The new grade structure for the staff, which is intended

* *

magnitude are to be undertaken in the future.become (to some extent) more flexible if new projects of somehave been placed; but, henceforth, our methods should undoubtedlyimplementing its initial programme, since all the main contracts

Such a development can no longer prevent CERN from

Proton Synchrotron magnet only 5 have actually submitted tenders.the 17 firms invited to tender for the poleface windings of thewilling to tender; as an example, we may mention the fact that ofis becoming increasingly difficult to find reliable firms that areregarding prices and contract conditions, with the result that itcustomer from a technical point of view as well as an exacting oneprospective European suppliers the reputation of being a difficultshould be pointed out. CERN has gradually acquired with its mainfinancial gain can have serious implications for the future, whichall this equipment from its own industry. However, this immediateof the Member States would have had to pay, if it had had to purchaseat a total price which is certainly 50% lower than that which anyresult that exceptionally high quality equipment has been purchasedfollowed during the last few years, and it has had the fortunatecontracts are negotiated and placed. This general policy has beendown by the Divisions and from the exacting manner in which all theour equipment, from the stringent specifications and tolerances laidof competitive tendering between the main firms in Europe to order

Another cause for concern arises from the systematic use

Page 540ERN/249 (F)

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the Organization.a three year period has been submitted to the high authorities ofon the Proton Synchrotron, Consequently no 1ong—term Budget coveringof the equipment and expenses connected with experimental researchexpenditure for the financial year 1960, particularly in respectat present to estimate with a sufficient degree of accuracyother hand, the Finance Committee recognized that it was impossible1959 have been added to this Budget for every subheading. 0n theFinance Committee, estimates of expenditure for the Financial Yeardraft Budget for the Financial Year 1958. At the request of the

As it does every year, the Finance Office prepared a

Budget

Contracts 150 220 69%

Entries 40.000 e0.000 100%

1.200Accounting machine journals 700 71%

1.000Number of accounts 6.875 59%

2.250Payment orders 5.900 75%

Invoices 15.500 24.000 7s%

14.000Purchase orders 9.200 52%

isNumber of staff

IncreasesIQQ6

with 1956.in staff and the growth of the work undertaken in 1957, as compared

The table below shows the widening gap between increases

FINANCE OFFICE

solved on their own merits.

recruitment of certain classes of staff may one day have to beposition. It is possible that the problems connected with theStates, and not the change in the relative supply and demandthe fall in purchasing power in Switzerland and in the Membernot in itself provide a solution, since it only takes into account

The salary rise proposed at the_end of the year does

Page 55GERN/249 (F)

5974/E OCR Outputtrades.

construction costs for each building and for each of the buildingStatistical data are being collated to determine the

be available at the beginning of 1958.with experimental research. The initial results of this work shouldsuch as those connected with the operation of the Main Workshcp and·CERN requires in order to keep a better check on certain expenses,begun to organize the simplified analytical accounting system which

Apart from its normal duties, the accounting section has

Accounting section

completed.organization of the accounting system for the scheme is about to beenable him to draw up his initial actuarial balance sheet. Thehad to provide the actuary with a number of statistical data to

The management board of the staff insurance scheme has

with retrospective effect from l January, 1957.of duty has been reviewed and finally adjusted. It became effective

The insurance policy for accidents incurred in the course

Social securit

the working balance as soon as possible.first three quarters of the year and he will ask for an increase intheir contributions in three instalments at the beginning of thein 1958, the Director-General will request the Member States to pay

In order to avoid the recurrence of the same difficulties

arrange for a short-term overdraft with the Bank.itself to be insufficient, and finally, at the end of the year, toto make use of the working balance which has now definitely shown

It has been necessary, therefore, to defer certain payments,

payment of a number of contributions.has proved a difficult task in l957 as delays occurred in the

The management of the Organization's financial resources

Financial resources

and much more complicated this year than in previous years.Budgetary work has in fact been much more engrossing

the consequences of possible cuts in the proposed Budget estimates.Other documents have been prepared, however, t0 show

Page 560ERN/249 (F)

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Civil Service. OCR Output

of Europe to investigate problems connected with a Europeanas an observer on the Working Group organized by the Councilthe Personnel Officer has represented the Director-General

known

more definite idea of the final totals to be approved is

of this will be circulated to Member States as soon as a

the development of the 1958 recruitment programme. Details

investigation of the CERN staffing programmecollaboration with the staff review team during their recent

into Geneva conditions of employmentparticipation in a United Nations sponsored investigation

salary and allowance conditionsled to the request for improvements in the present CERNa survey of local and international conditions which has

the CERN and FORD fellowship programmesthe co-ordination of staff arrangements and recruitment for

operated from lst January, 1958,CERN staff. This is now nearing completion and will bethe development of tha new grading and salary scheme for

matters, among which may be mentioned :

below. Outside of these, the office has handled various otherThe general section activities of this office are outlined

PERSONNEL OFFICE

(Original : English)

inventory (l5.000 items at the end of 1957),carried out spct—checks as a meansof permanent control of thefederal taxes and especially of the Swiss sales tax (ICHA), and it

The section has dealt with the reimbursement of Swiss

for 1958 as low as possible.and purchase orders, particularly with a view to keeping commitmentsdevote an appreciable part of its time to the scrutiny of contractsaccordance with the provisions of the Financial Rules. It had to

Tha internal audit section performed its duties in

Internal audit section

Page 57mm/249 (F)

5974/E

Visitors, paid under the Ford Foundation, were in CERN at this date. OCR Outputin Table 1. ln addition to these staff members, 16 Fellows and

The distribution of staff at 15th November, 1957 is shown

received 2565 4167 5596 2149 12075Total No. applications

received 712 1251 556 554 5015N0. of applications

L+S Tech. Adm. Ancy —Tota1

Candidates boarded : 519

Selection Boards : 85

(+28 %)

Total recruitment 20 89 25 51 ` 50 215

Terminations 9 6 9 7 15 46Net increase 11 85 14 44 15 167

Staff at 15.11.57. 115 257 78 126 58 594Staff at 15.11.56. 104 .154 64 82 25 427

L+S Tech. Adm. Ancy Fellows Total

figures given in the December 1956 report (CERN/197),November, 1956 to 15th November, 1957, and may be compared with the

The following data show the position for the period 16th

used to be.

at least in certain countries, are no longer as attractive as theyas outside competition increases, It is obvious that CERN conditions,against 167) has required more and more effort to attract new staffwhile resulting in an increased intake compared with 1956 (215satisfactory fulfilling of the 1957 recruitment programme which,

The Persgnnel Section has been responsible for the

Page 58CERN/249 (F)

5974/E OCR Output

(+ 15 %)The total staff of the Personnel Office is now 54

* *

operation.qualified switchboard operators and a partial shift system is in

The Telephone Service has now been staffed with fully

capacity with a work load of about 55% above the 1956 level.The Typing and Reproduction Section is working to full

each month (+ about 50%).Meyrin and the Mail Office now handles over 12,000 letters etc.

The Mail Section provides a full messenger service at

and Fellows during the year.has been able to arrange accommodation for over 100 staff membersthe section has given more attention recently to this problem, andof the difficult accommodation position which has arisen in Geneva,bookings (+ about 90%) and arranged 90 removals (+ 52%). In view

The Travel and Installation Section provided 596 travel

general rates of benefit.incurred in the course of duty, introduces some economies in thewhile providing for a proper coverage for accident or illnessagreement has now been negotiated with the "Caisse Maladie" which,1570 (+52%), The Scheme is working very satisfactorily, and a furtherduring the year, while the total membership of the Scheme is new

The Medical Insurance Section handled 2240 claims (+25%)

commensurate with the increased staff members.

The Office Services Sections have handled increasing loads

__and issued 1481 pay schedules (a monthly increase cf about 65%).The Pgy, Clgjm§gpg Lggvg§ggtipp.has handled 5248 claims

Page 59cmw/249 (F)

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TOTAL 594 OCR Output115 I 257 78 I l26

ADM. 744 I 1 l50 I 19

m.s. l26 I — I 1

s.B. 1574 I 74 I 4 I 75

s.m.s. 5724 I 2O I 6

S.C. 20 lll27 I 52 I 5

P.S. 49 I 90 I 7 I 19 l68

D.G. l | — I 7

—"7

Div. I L + S I Teob77A2m. I Anoy. I Fellows I TOTAL

Distribution by Functions and Divisions

CERN Staff as at l§ November2_l2Q1

Table I.

Page 40

CERN/249 (F)

5974/E for all the Divisions. OCR Outputwork of the Purchasing Office, with consequent beneficial effects

The move to the Meyrin Site has greatly facilitated the

us in meeting the requirements of the Divisions.tenders. Though quite definite, this tendency has not yet hamperedfirms are showing a certain reluctance towards our invitations for

It should be pointed out, however, that the major European

firm prices.pean markets, we have always succeeded in negotiating contracts at

In spite of the general tendency for prices to rise in Euro

we have been able to obtain very appreciable quantity of rebates.continuous contacts with a number of selected suppliers from whom

For current supplies, it has been possible to maintain

tended to place the contract by the end of the year or early next year.tenders have now been received and are being examined, and it is including radiation risks — for the CERN buildings and equipment. Thesebeen invited in respect of the final fire insurance contract — in

With the approval of the Finance Committee, tenders have

and the contract will probably be placed towards the end of the year.Tenders have been received for the vacuum pumping equipment

for the Proton Synchrotron.relating to the vacuum chamber, the bus bars and the poleface windings

In 1957 the main contracts placed for equipment were those

increase in staff is 45%.in the number of orders and contracts placed while the corresponding

Thus from 1955 to 1957 there has been an increase of l55w

llNumber of staff 16

years 45%76%'compared with previousorders and contracts placedPercentage increase in

4.5OOcontracts placed 7.9OO ll.5OO

Number of orders and

9.5 million 29.5 million l5 million(in Swiss francs)contracts placed

Value of orders and

1%; izéé

of the Purchasing Office during the last three years:

The Table below shows the increase in the activities

PURCHASING OFFICE

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CM-POO076131

CERN LIBRARIES, GENEVA