SPG 0412 Programming in C

En Ainul Hazmin Bin A.Hamid

TTO, Industrial ElectronicsGerman Malaysian Institute

ObjectivesUpon completion of SPG 0412, the students should be able to:

Develop programs in C language using structured programming techniques

Identify process sequences involved when developing user input program

Produce software documentation

Course AssessmentTestTest #1 - 10% Test #2 – 10%Test #3 – 10%

Individual Assig.Assig. #1 - 5% Assig. #2 - 5% Assig. #3 - 5%

End Module Test30%

Attitude10%

Group Assig15%

Life Cycle of Software Development

Analysis Design

MaintenanceCoding-

Implementation

What is a System?

A set of things or processes that are linked together by rules to form a unified process.

A system has boundaries & interacts with the universe beyond the boundary, by passing data across the boundary.

Life Cycle of System Development (SDLC)

As a disciplined approach to developing info.system

To document project phases, inputs and outputs, boundaries (people / organization).

An overall look of SDLC

SDLCPhase

1.Survey scope & feasibility

2.Study current system

3.Define requirements

4.Select a feasible solution

Outcome - Output

Feasibility assessment

Problem statement

Requirement statement

Approved system proposal (TOE)

SDLC (continued..)

Phase

5.Design new system

6.Acquire peripherals

7.Construct the system

8.Deliver the system

Outcome - Output

Design specification

Proposal of configuration

A functioning system

Commissioning

SDLC (continued..)

Phase

9.Maintain and improve the system

Outcome - Output

A reliable, effective system

SDLC – An example

SDLC can be implemented in any real life situation, without restricting to programming-based application.

Observe the House-Building Example

SDLC - Gantt Chart

The phases discussed earlier are not really sequential, and they might be overlapped.

Gantt Chart

SDLC – Group Exercise

Construct a SDLC methodology to:buy a brand new car

automated ticket parking system

book rental system for your former secondary school

security system for a shopping mall

Internet lab for GMI students

System AnalysisSurvey

Study

Definition

Selection

System DesignAcquisition

Design

Sys. ImplementationConstruction

Deliver

System SupportMaintain & Improve

SDLC in Software Development

Models Abstraction / representation of reality The simplification of the real thing Are built as a design technique

Why do we need models? Procedures for personnel to follow Analyze and document the system To convert data into information.

System Documentation Models

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)a model that describes the flows of data & the process that change/transform data throughout the system

DFD properties:

System Documentation Models

Flowcharts graphically illustrate how input, processes and output interact with each other

FlowchartsFlowcharts

SystemSystem ProgramProgram

System Documentation Models

System Flowchart

The general model of the whole system’s application.

As a physical summarization of all the input & output involved.

Example of System Flowchart.

System Flowchart - Symbols

Online Storage

Dec.

Document

Process I/O Termination

ManualInput

Manual Op.

Offline

Program Flowchart

  

A program flowchart models the program logic, in sequence.

A guide by programmers to code the program, as well as for documentation.

Illustrates flow of data and how they are processed.

Program Flowchart - Symbols

Dec.Process I/O

Begin/Termination

Program Flowchart - Exercise

Create a program flowchart to:

buy a KOMUTER ticket from the ticketing mach.

Program Flowchart - Exercise

Create a program flowchart to:

Show how two numbers are to be input thru the keyboard. If the first number is greater than the second then multiply both numbers, otherwise divide them.

Structured Programming

A well-structured program includes various combinations of 3 restricted control structures, and exhibits a single-entry & single-exit property.

The 3 restricted control structures are:A sequence of instructions

A selection of instructions based on certain criteria

An iteration (repetition) of instructions based on certain criteria

Introduction C language & Turbo C++ Compiler

Invented by Dennis Ritchie in 1970s.

Flexible & powerful, to create software products., but then it reached its limits.

Turbo C/C++ provides integrated programming features for programmers to carry out programming tasks.