Profitable Aquaculture Technologies – Opportunities for

collaboration with KVK

Dr. P. Jayasankar Director

ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture

Bhubaneswar

Over 500 million people depend – directly or indirectly – on

fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods

Aquatic foods provide essential nutrition for 4 billion people

and at least 50% of animal protein and minerals to 400

million people in the poorest countries

Fish products are among the most widely-traded foods

Aquaculture among the fastest growing food production

systems

Glimpse of Global Fisheries

Source: FAO, 2016

Indian Fisheries

Globally India third – largest producer of fish

Globally third largest in inland aquaculture

Fish production 9.58 mmt (2013-14)

Average national productivity - fresh water culture ponds 3.0 t/ha/year

Total fish Production (2013-14) 9.58 mmt

Inland 6.14 mmt

Marine 3.44 mmt

Source: DAHDF, 2014

Inland Fisheries Resources - India

Source: Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture, ICAR

Resources Area

Marine

Length of Coastline 8118 km

Exclusive Economic Zone 2.02 million sq. km

Continental shelf 0.506 million sq.km

No of Fish landing centers 1376

No of Fishing Villages 3322

Estimated potential 3.9 mmt

Inland

Rivers and canals 29,000 km

Reservoirs 3.15 million ha

Ponds and tanks 2.41 million ha

Back water and lagoon 0.19 million ha

Estuaries 0.3 million ha

Floodplain wetlands 0.2 million ha

Upland lakes 0.72 million ha

During last six decades, Indian fisheries have grown more than twelve folds with

an increase in fish production from 0.752 mmt in 1950-51 to 9.58 mmt in 2013-14

(DADF, 2014), of which the share from the aquaculture sector alone is around

4.88 million tons (FAO, 2014)

Further, fish production from aquaculture sector has also been increased to six

and half folds over the last two decades, with the freshwater aquaculture

contributing more than 95% of the total inland fish production

The three Indian major carps (IMCs), namely catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo

rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute the major chunk of the

freshwater aquaculture production (around 60-70% of the volume).

India Fish production (mmt)

8.47 7.98

9.08 9.20 9.60

3.79 3.67 4.21

4.55

4.88 4.68 4.31

4.87 4.65

4.72

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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total fish production Total aquaculture production Total capture production

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Average productivity of Freshwater Fish farming

by States (kg/ha/year)

Source: DAHDF, 2014

Freshwater species cultured in India

Carps – IMCs and exotic Chinese carps (WB & AP; >80% rohu, rest catla; variable production 4-12 t/ha/yr)

Catfish – magur, pangas, pabda, etc. (striped catfish 3.5 lakh t production; 10-15 t/ha/yr, price crash)

Freshwater prawn – From ~43 k t to ~3 k t crash; genetic degradation leading to low productivity; selective breeding programme

Pacu (Piaractus brachipomus) – still not cleared by the Ministry; but widely cultured in many places

Tilapia – Cleared by the Ministry; only all male of nile tilapia or improved hybrids/strains permitted

Litopenaeus vannamei – though brackishwater

species, now being cultured also in freshwater

Productivity

Quality stocking material

Feed ingredients and farm made feed

Species diversification

Surveillance and management of diseases

Entrepreneurship

Availability of water

Climate change & resilience

Market

Critical constraints for future development of freshwater aquaculture

FRP portable hatcheries Carp hatchery Magur hatchery

Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) carp hatchery effective tool in providing quality carp seed production It can be transported, installed and operated in remote places to ensure easy and timely availability of seeds – HATCHERY ON WHEELS Suitable for fish breeding in field conditions for 10-12 kg of carps in one operation – 1-1.5 million spawn Portable magur hatchery a simple device comprising a stand on which are placed a row of plastic tubs (12 cm dia, 6 cm high) for egg incubation and hatching High hatching percentage & maximum 50,000 eggs can be incubated at a time Both marketed by M/s M. R. Aquatech, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

Improved rohu, Jayanti

IMPROVED ROHU “JAYANTI”

Jayanti rohu developed through selective breeding of Labeo rohita from different founder populations of North Indian rivers Improved Jayanti rohu the first genetically improved fish in India and trialed under field conditions in different states Genetic gain of 17 % per generation for growth trait Dissemination of improved rohu to different parts of India under progress. Annually about 5 crores of seed of this improved variety are supplied presently to the sector. Multiplier hatcheries and the recently formed National Freshwater fish Brood bank facility (NFFBB) in Odisha for wider dissemination A. hydrophila – resistant rohu ready and undergoing farm trials

CIFACRYO Manually operated handy cryofreezer for gamete cryopreservation of fishes

Suitable and advantageous in terms of liquid nitrogen use, size of the unit, on-farm utilization and easy operation

Helpful in maintaining the temperature of the sample up to -1960 C

Product marketed by M/s Biotechnika, Bhubaneswar

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

CIFABROODTM an exclusive carp brood stock diet rich in adequate nutrients

Ensures quality of the carp seed, and advances gonad growth and maturation and facilitates early spawning

Suitable for multiple/repeated breeding in carp and ensures better survival of seed and rapid growth during nursery rearing

Validated through repeated field trials

Marketed by M/s Aishrya Aquaculture Pvt. Ltd., Naihati, West Bengal

The firm flooded with demands for the product, substantial economic gain right in the first year of commercialization

CIFABROODTM

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

Therapeutic & preventive Aids

CIFAX Immunoboost C CIFACURE

CIFAX a chemical formulation and first commercialized technology of CIFA. It prevents and cures ulcerative diseases of freshwater fishes. Recently 3rd commercialization – 2.28 crore INR – Agrawal from Chhattisgarh

Immunoboost-C an immunostimulant to improve brood fish health and seed production. It modulates the fish immunity against microbial diseases. Marketed by M/s Star Aqua Lab, Medinapore, West Bengal

CIFACURE for controlling bacterial and fungal infections of ornamental fishes. Controls many bacterial diseases like hemorrhagic septicemia, ulcers, fin rot, tail rot, eye disease and fungal infections. Marketed by M/s Durga enterprises, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

Shining barb

Rosy barb selected for bright shining yellow colour in females and orange in males

Commercialized and to be marketed by M/s Tropical Aquaculture & Farming Systems (India), Udaipur, Rajasthan

Technology commercialized from ICAR-CIFA

Technology ready - Breeding and culture of diversified species

Other than Indian major carps, breeding and culture technologies of diversified groups of freshwater species, such as minor carps, catfish, pabda, freshwater prawn (genetically improved), climbing perch and murrel have been developed to ensure food security

Technology ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA

Hybridization of major carps in hatcheries – to save space & time

Instead of ‘mixed’ pure seeds, hybrid seeds supplied

Threat to natural biodiversity

Developed PCR-based kit for rapid identification of catla-rohu reciprocal hybrid seeds

Potential application in seed certification and hatchery accreditation

Technologies ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA

Kits

Spot agglutination kit

Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus kit

Argulus detection kit

Technologies ready for commercialization from ICAR-CIFA

Feed for better growth and development

Starter-M

Mechanical pond applicator

Demand fish feeder

Aerator for large Aquaculture pond

Bio fertilizers from fish waste

Processing and value addition to carps

Freshwater carps are popular and delicious

Problems faced in dressing the fish and small inter and intra muscular bones

Boneless whole carp technology convenient, resulting in ready to use product

Technology ready - Post harvest value addition

Processing and value addition in murrel

Murrels are excellent rounded fish. It has single main

skeleton and minimum intramuscular bones

Excellent fillets, fingers and chunks can be produced

Murrels provide rounded steaks for curry and fish fry

Technology ready - Post harvest value addition

Seed Ventures Farm ventures Aqua tourism ventures Food processing ventures Aqua input ventures Innovative ventures

Areas of Entrepreneurship in Aquaculture

What can KVKs do with ICAR-CIFA?

Testing and demonstration of Freshwater Aquaculture technologies

Commercialized technologies of ICAR-CIFA can be promoted through the mandatory works of KVK i.e OFT, FLD and training

Latest technology commercialized : CIFABROODTM: A proven carp brood diet

Quality carp fingerlings supplied to the sector

KVK-Khordha under ICAR-CIFA and KVK-Bhadrak, under OUAT have undertaken OFT and FLD in 2012-15

The best 5 aquaculture technologies were identified from the

OFT and FLD

The best 5 technologies were identified towards feeding into

the mainstream extension for larger dissemination in the district It is well understood that aquaculture is a state subject State actors (Department of Fisheries) were invited to attend the interaction and KVK shared the best five technologies assessed and demonstrated to be included in the state schemes and other extension activities

Best Technologies Assessed and Demonstrated

by KVK-Khordha

FIVE BEST TECHNOLOGIES

•CIFABROODTM: A Proven Carp

Brood Diet

•Improved strain Jayanti rohu in

composite fish culture

•Incorporation of Medium and

Minor carps in Polyculture system

•Polyculture of IMC (Catla and

Rohu) with prawn

•Utilization of Seasonal Fallow

Ponds for Carp Fingerling

Production

KVK introduces Off season fish seed production

Technique of Off season seed production through promising carp brood diet, CIFABROODTM

All five hatcheries developed KVK have adopted the technology through front line demonstration

Average fertilization rate was 88.14% with an average spawn recovery of 2.14 lakh spawn/kg body weight of female

Highest average fertilization rate was found in mrigal followed by rohu and catla

Similarly average spawn recovery per kg of female body weight indicates a highest recovery in rohu followed by mrigal and catla

In turn the spawn buyers had an average survival rate of 42.18% from spawn to fry and 73.5% from fry to fingerling

KVK Khordha demonstrates successful ICAR-CIFA Technologies

Community Aquaculture: Success story - 1

Community ponds are common property resources and transfer of technology is a constraint A women SHG leased a pond in Diniary village of Begunia block being dominated by ST communities and groups adopted practices that were traditional and production was low with 2.1t/ha in 2004

KVK-Khordha was approached by the group Trainings and advisory support were provided Focus was on to the group to adopt Scientific Management Practices in community ponds The technique of Single stocking and Multiple harvesting was also taught and demonstrated

Outcome was on an yield increase tuning to 3.12 t/ha against 2.1t/ha before the intervention of KVK Income was increased from 2.1 lakh to 3.12 lakh/ha

Community Aquaculture: Success story-2

This story is from a pond poorly managed by a group The scenario in 2012 was that the pond was weed infested with a low production of 1.4t/ha

A retired teacher approached KVK-Khordha with the group seeking advice Trainings and advisory support were provided Again focus was on to the group to adopt Scientific Management Practices in community ponds and groups were advised to have grass carps to reduce the weeds Group adhered to all advices of KVK

Outcome was on an yield increase tuning to 3.2 t/ha in 2015-16 against 1.4 t/ha in 2012 Impact was on many fish farmers and pond owners have approached KVK for demonstration and training programme from their village for adopting scientific management practices.

Family farming: A High flying Example

Mr. Senapathi a farmer who never wants his kids to move out of farming though many prefer their kids to seek better options His three sons work together with Mr. Senapthi in the farm

in 2012 he approached KVK-Khordha for technical guidance as he had issues on planting material production of Pointed gourd by the time he was advised to adopt IFS He adhered to the advices of KVK and constantly attended the trainings and was a beneficiary for the demonstration programmes By the time he constructed a pond of 1.2 acres and was advised by KVK to rear fry, fingerling and yearlings

Today the star technology that Mr. Senapathi has on earning Rs. 3.52 lakh/year from his 1.32 acre pond His son Mr. Rakesh manages the pond and his another son manages the other enterprises In his integrated system: ducks in the ponds, mango trees in the dykes, poly plants of pointed gourd, dairy and other vegetables Father and son are attentive to the advices of KVK and today they are a high flying family with “family farming”

Conclusion & Way Forward

ICAR-CIFA can formally agree with ATARI for promotion of freshwater aquaculture technologies through KVKs in three modes

Routine Publication on technological options for KVKs

Routine Impact Assessment of technologies promoted by KVK

Capacity Building for PC and SMS of KVK

To achieve Blue Revolution

At least 30 species for production & Broodbank for at least 10 species

Genetically improved stock

Multiplier unit for genetically improved fish

Post harvest value added products

Farm made feeds

Broodstock diet

Disease diagnostics and management

Pond management – water & soil

Climate & water resilient aquaculture

Entrepreneurship development