Landscape Ecology in Jakarta and Beijing:Landscape Ecology in Jakarta and Beijing:Urban green space biodiversityUrban green space biodiversity

Prof. Nobukazu Nakagoshi

Graduate School for International Development and CooperationHiroshima University

21st Century COE (Center of Excellence) Program, Hiroshima University, JAPAN

Jakarta National Monument

Study site : JABOTABEK (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi) area in Indonesia. A total of 15 green areas

were selected and sampled. Sampling was done from July 13th to 16th, 2004. Soil samples were collected at A0 layer (5cm depth).

Taman monas0003

Taman Gunung Agung0005

Taman Surupati0007

Complex Senayan0009

Taman Langgsat0011

Taman Cisanggiri0012

Taman Seno0013

Taman Kodok0015

Taman JelambarHadiah

0016Srengseng

0017Hutan Kota

0018Cengkareng

0020Cibodas (natural)

0025Ciangur park---0024Bogor Bot. Gar.--0026

Soil sample

DNA extraction

DNA template

Polymerase chain reaction

Restriction enzyme reaction

Gene scan

TRFLP

Molecular technique to determine biodiversity using Molecular technique to determine biodiversity using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphismterminal restriction fragment length polymorphism

(reservoir of genes)

(gene amplification using primers)

(by powersoil DNA kit)

(Hha1 & Rsa1)

(will give a profile to calculate diversity index and similarity index)

(ready for different analyses)

Fluo

resc

ence

Fragment size (bp)

Fragment size (bp)

Fluo

resc

ence

Fragment size (bp)

Fluo

resc

ence

(a) Low diversity profile

(b) medium diversity profile

(c) high diversity profile

Each peak represents a different operational taxonomic unit from the sample.Peak height and area are related to the amount of DNA in the peak.

SummaryGreen spaces with low community diversity :*smaller in terms of land area, and located in

busy areas of Jakarta city. *above-ground plant density low *experience flooding

Green spaces with high community diversity :* well-managed* not frequently disturbed* have big land areas established decades ago* high tendency of recruitment from surrounding

environment

Tiananmen gateTiananmen gate

BeijingBeijing

NorthNorth--EastEast

EastEast

SouthSouth--WestWest

NorthNorth--WestWest

Pedestrian ParadisePedestrian Paradise

1. Capital Normal University1. Capital Normal University

2. Beijing Forestry University2. Beijing Forestry University

3. 3. GuchengGucheng parkpark（古城公園）（古城公園）

4. 4. ShunchengShuncheng parkpark（順成公園）（順成公園）

5. 5. RendinghuRendinghu parkpark（人定湖公園）（人定湖公園）

6. 6. WanfangtingWanfangting parkpark（万芳亭公園）（万芳亭公園）

7. 7. TuanjiehuTuanjiehu parkpark（団結湖公園）（団結湖公園）

8. 8. JingshanJingshan parkpark（景山公園）（景山公園）

9. 9. ZhongshanZhongshan parkpark（中山公園）（中山公園）

10. 10. ShijingshanShijingshan parkpark（石景山公園）（石景山公園）

11. 11. TaiyanggongTaiyanggong parkpark（太陽宮公園）（太陽宮公園）

12. 12. HonglingjinHonglingjin parkpark（紅領巾公園）（紅領巾公園）

13. 13. ZizhuyuanZizhuyuan park (park (紫竹院公園）紫竹院公園）

14. 14. BeihaiBeihai park (park (北海公園）北海公園）

15. 15. YingshansenlinYingshansenlin parkpark（鷹山森林公園）（鷹山森林公園）

16. 16. YuyuantanYuyuantan ((玉渊潭玉渊潭))

1717．．XiangshanXiangshan park (park (香山公園香山公園))

18.Yiheyuan 18.Yiheyuan ((頤頤和公園和公園))

(summer palace)(summer palace)

19. 19. ChaoyangChaoyang park park （朝陽公園）（朝陽公園）

20. Beijing botanical garden20. Beijing botanical garden

Current research statusCurrent research status

•• First DNA extraction was successfully First DNA extraction was successfully conductedconducted

•• Good DNA templates are availableGood DNA templates are available•• TRFLP analysis was conducted but no good TRFLP analysis was conducted but no good

result was obtained. We are now on the result was obtained. We are now on the process of reprocess of re--assessing the methodology for assessing the methodology for possible mistakes committed along the waypossible mistakes committed along the way

•• Preliminary report on this study will be given Preliminary report on this study will be given by the end of Januaryby the end of January

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the assistance given to us by Dr. Keiko Nagashima, Dr. Soedarsono Riswan, Mr. ThemyKendra Putra, Nurul Jannah and the Jakarta City Park

Agency during the survey and sampling in JABOTABEK area.

We are also thankful to Dr. Ma and his students for their assistance during the survey and sampling in Beijing.

This research is in collaboration with Dr. Yuji Isagi, Dr. Sonoko Watanabe and Dr. Jhonamie Mabuhay

Thank you !Thank you !