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Productive Inclusion in Brazil –Bolsa Familia and the Brazil

without extreme Poverty Plan

1st Kenyan Social Protection Conference Week28th Jan 2015

Fabio Veras Soares – IPC-IG

Bolsa Familia in Brazil

Objectives of Bolsa Familia as a CCT programme:

Poverty alleviation (cash transfer) and break intergenerational cycle of poverty (human development)

But it differed from many CCTs in the LAC region Origins in municipal level experiences in the middle 1990’s Dissemination of Federal CTs in the early 2000’s Establishment of the Single Registry (2001) Merge of CCT/CTs programmes under Bolsa Familia (October 2003)

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Bolsa Familia in Brazil some key features

Rapid scaling up (no pilots)

Mean testing (targeting)

Adjustments were made as the programme expanded:  Financial incentives for municipalities and later states (IGD) Monitoring of conditionalities – links with social assistance Improvements of the quality of the Single Registry (v.7)

Integration into the Social Protection Framework:

Its role in the Hunger Zero strategy Its role as one of the income security components of Brazil without extreme 

poverty (Brasil sem Miseria) programme. Role of complementary programmes.

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Complementary programmes  are mostly… existing programmes already implemented by other ministries/ 

agencies, but CCT beneficiaries do not necessarily benefit from these programmes.

existing programmes already implemented by other ministries/ agencies. CCT beneficiaries are granted preferential access.

(challenges: how to guarantee high take‐up rates, how to guarantee that existing programmes are adequate to the profile of CCT beneficiaries)

Tailor‐made programmes specific for non‐beneficiaires and implemented by the same agency responsible for the CCT

(Challenges: how to guarantee the institutional sustainability of these interventions (NGOs), how to guarantee the quality of these complementary programmes, Christmas tree effect – CCTs are responsible for the poverty alleviation strategy)

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Complementary Programmes

Integrated system – single registries of potential beneficiaries can support effective complementary programmes …

connecting database from different ministries and facilitate case management and complementarities (Brazil and Peru)

It takes away from the CCTs the responsibility of being the silver bullet against poverty – they are part of a broader strategy.

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Brazil without Extreme Poverty Plan(2011)

Context: Priority for the eradication of extreme poverty according to three axes, based on successful programmes. 

Hypertargeting to guarantee access to universal rights.

Income security:i.Eradication of exclusion errors in cash transfer programmes (active search)ii.Gradually filling in the extreme poverty gap.

Access to services: health, education, social assistance, civil documents, electricity, housing and food security

Productive inclusion:i.Urban – training, job placement, support to microentrepreneursii.Rural – technical assistance/extension, grants and PAA

•Investment of R$ 109 billion / USD 43 billion between 2011‐2014

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Brazil without Extreme Poverty (2011)

• Definition of target population:Extreme poverty line: below R$ 70 per capita family income.

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Population % Urban % Rural %Brazil 16,267,197 100% 8.673.845 53% 7.593.352 47%North 2,658,452 17% 1.158.501 44% 1.499.951 56%Northeast 9,609,803 59% 4.560.486 48% 5.049.317 52%Southeast 2,725,532 17% 2.144.624 79% 580.908 21%South 715,961 4% 437.346 61% 278.615 39%Centre-west 557,449 3% 372.888 67% 184.561 33%

Source: SESEP/MDS

BSM coordination: role of the single registry

Single registry is a census of the Brazilian low income population (1/2 minimum wage per capita). About 78 million people (36% of the population)

The registry contains the basic person and household identification and profile data, grouped in 6 basic sets of data:

individual identification family identification household characteristics schooling information  work income information

There are other supplementary data collection such as household expenditures, participation in social programmes, traditional communities’ characteristics (quilombola and indigenous population) and vulnerable groups (homeless, child labor), smallholder farmers.

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BSM coordination: role of the single registry

Single registry is a census of the Brazilian low income population (1/2 minimum wage per capita). About 78 million people (36% of the population)

The registry contains the basic person and household identification and profile data, grouped in 6 basic sets of data.

individual identification family identification household characteristics schooling information  work income information INFORMATION IS VALID FOR 2 YEARS

There are other supplementary data collection such as household expenditures, participation in social programmes, traditional communities’ characteristics (quilombola and indigenous population) and vulnerable groups (homeless, child labor), smallholder farmers. 8

Targeting: role of the single registry

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BSM coordination: role of the single registry

Poverty Map(census data)

Fostering capabilities and opportunities

Fostering capabilities and opportunities

Objective:To incrase family per capita income and

to improve living conditions and well‐being of low income families

Objective:To incrase family per capita income and

to improve living conditions and well‐being of low income families

IncomeguaranteeIncome

guaranteeProductive Inclusion: 

urban and rural strategiesProductive Inclusion: 

urban and rural strategiesAccess to 

public servicesAccess to 

public services

Single Registry

Active Search

BSM Productive Inclusion component

URBAN

Productive Inclusion

RURAL• Rural extension and technical

assistance• Access to inputs (improved

seeds)• Production grants

Improved production

Employment and income generation

• Skill building/training• job placement• Solidarity economy• Microcredit• Microentrepreneurship (MEI)

BSM: productive inclusion component

Improved seeds Investment grant

Improved production

Access to Markets (PAA and PNAE) Self-consumption

Water for All

Goal: increase productive capacity

: Case Management: extension services

Electricity for all

Green grant

Source: SESEP/MDS

BSM challenges: rural productive inclusion

Merging information from the single registry and database on smallholder farmers (DAP) at the Federal level

Capacity and adequacy of extension services

Identification of the families at the local level – coordination with active search

Approval of the joint work plan to have access to the investment grants

Worst drought in 50 years (adaptation of extension services)

Lack of rigorous impact evaluation (staggered entry was ideal setting –missed opportunity).

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BSM achievements: rural productive inclusion

Possibility to use the infrastructure as a disaster risk management tool: Drought grant – single registry and payment system.

Gendered impacts – agricultural interventions become gender-sensitive. Women participation in the PAA increased from 26% in 2011 to 36% in 2014.

PAA became more accessible to poor smallholder farmers: in 2010 – only 32% of the PAA suppliers were in the Single Registry in 2013 this figure increased to 50%.

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BSM rural productive inclusion: technical assistance

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Source: SESEP/MDS

BSM rural productive inclusion: investment grant

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Source: SESEP/MDS

BSM rural productive inclusion: cisterns

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Source: SESEP/MDS

6,543 43,000  78,955 

151,315 194,176  224,122 

292,825 329,827 

417,568 

572,961 

810,858 

1,055,755 

 ‐

 200,000

 400,000

 600,000

 800,000

 1,000,000

 1,200,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sep‐14

Many Thanks

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