Production Chemical Profile

Registered in the British Virgin Islands No.151095. Registration Office:-Craigmuir Chambers , Road Town, Tortola, BritishVirgin Islands.

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Production Chemical began operations in the African continent and we haveexpanded rapidly to other areas in the last 10 years. We are operating inNigeria,Libya,Gabon, and the Caspian/Russia areas. We also haveassociations in the Far East. We have substantial business in Pakistan andsome business in Egypt. We have been operating with, and doing businessfor over 15 years. We do some supplies of chemicals to the Middle East butthese are not regular supplies.

We specialise in service, monitoring the chemicals we supply combinedwith comprehensive technical backup. We have been very successful inNigeria where we treat over 350,000 bbls of crude oil and are also treating150,000 bbls of seawater for pressure maintenance. Also in Kazakhstan, wehave been operating for over 5 years with Shell, Buzachi and CNPC, and aretreating approximately 100,000 bbls of crude. We are providing service andchemicals to Conoco, Canadian Occidental, Marathon, Mono Polu, Addax, ,Shell, ExxonMobil plus other small indigenous companies in the countriesin which we operate.

We have a complete Production Chemical product range fromdemulsifiers, pour point depressants, paraffin inhibitors, anti-foam, and allwater treatment products associated with the oil industry water clarifiers,scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, polyelectrolytes, filter aids,biocides, oxygen scavengers and other specific chemicals. Quality controlis essential to maintain our standards and we therefore source ourproducts from multinational suppliers and toll blend to our specificationspecific to the problems encountered. We have a blending facility sited inNigeria and we are also considering a blending facility for Gabon, to reducecosts to our customers. We have an innovative system for treating wells with scale/corrosioninhibitors. This is performed by placing the caps (Encapsulatedscale/corrosion inhibitors) in the well and because they are weighted theyfall to the rat hole of the well. Using the similar time release principal usedin the pharmaceutical and agricultural industry, the caps release therequired quantity of inhibitor to protect your tubing from the perforations tothe surface and will also follow through to the topside equipment. Squeezing of scale inhibitors have been performed and we are positivethat our clients would benefit financially and technically in using our

PRODUCTION CHEMICALINTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LTD.Forwarding Address; 1 Belle Vue Close, Staines, Middlesex, TW18 2HYTelephone + 44 (0)1784 453477 Fax + 44 (0)1784 466320 Mobile 0973 730065E Mail [email protected] Web Site www.productionchemical.com


2technology compared with the squeezing methods that are used atpresent.

We were agents for Conoco Drag Reducer and a PC Drag Reducer PCDRA 2001 (Conoco Specialty Products Inc. CSPI) in Nigeria and thereforehave qualified engineers in this field . If you have applications for thisproduct massive financial savings are possible. We are in the process ofMarketing our own DRA called PC DRA 2001. If there are bottle necks andmore Oil is required to be transported through inadequate capacity pipelinesthe PC DRA 2001 can be injected and as much as 50% increase in flow canbe obtained.

We also provide a complete survey on your facilities free of charge wherewater analyses are performed. With the information we get from the surveywe can predict possible problem areas and how to solve them from theproduced water to the produced oil.

We also have a Tank Cleaning division. Mainly for large crude oil tanks butwe will consider FFO and other tanks after an inspection has taken place.There is a section on our web page that deals with the tank cleaningbusiness.

We have three expatriate engineers based in the African continent with 21years, 10 and 8 years respectively in the oil industry. We also have 12qualified West African engineers working across West Africa. We have twoengineers in the Kazakhastan/Russia and three local engineers. We haveother personnel we use for other areas of the world and this operation is runout of our UK office. We believe service is essential to the success ofinjecting Treating Chemicals. In most cases on waterfloods we provide 24hour engineering coverage this service is included in the price per drum this involves routine testing, compatibility studies on mixing waters, bacteriacultures, oxygen levels, troubleshooting problems, emulsion and effluentwater quality. The engineer will perform oil in waters so as to maintain ppmlevels within specified guidelines, routine and export BS&Ws, scalepredictions using tendency calculations and continuously optimizingchemicals. This has been proven to be more cost effective as the engineerensures, on the spot, adjustments due to his regular testing programme.Alternatively we can train company personnel to carry out regular testing andestablish ongoing trends and setup field laboratories.

We would be very interested in performing field tests such as demulsifierbottle testing, pour point tests, water analyses and other field tests toestablish our best product specific to your needs. We provide costeffective products and you will find us to be very competitive within the oilindustry.

We will be happy to provide a number of contacts of our existing clients ifreferences are required. Please use the following addresses if you requireto contact us: -


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PRODUCTIONCHEMICAL

CONTENTSIntroductory Letter

International / Africa Structure

Technical Data

Registered in the British Virgin Islands No.151095. Registration Office:-Craigmuir Chambers , Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.

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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP

P C InternationalHolding LimitedDirectorMr D.K. Watson

P C (Ireland)Limited

Directors Mr Paul Sirrat

Peter van der Sloot

P COverseasLimitedDirectors-Mr D.K.WatsonMr S.B.Agodo

P C Near EastLimitedDirectorMr D.K. Watsn

P C Nigeria Limited DirectorsMrs C.O. AgodoMr and Mrs Watson

Operational staffPakistan

Manager MuzaffarKhan

BusinessDevelopment(Col (R) AyazMahmood AhmadKhan)

Engineer Muhammad MasoodAhmed

Technical Staff -Mr K.J. Watson Development Manager

Mr D.K. Watson Technical DirectorMr Leonard Rasor Technical ManagerMr Martin McDonagh International EngMr Toni Eputuku International Engineer

Production Chemical Group are operating in different regions of the World

NumerousAgencies for otherparts of the wprldsuch as Indonesia ,Malaysia, Sudan,Egypt..

other third partycompanies areinvolved in oursales drive

Managers Elizabeth Agodo Admin/AccountsKeme Agodo BusinessdevelopmentEverest UkeFelix Aigbe

Engineers andsupporting staffSenior Engineer ToniEpetuku., Enite $Esi, -12 other qualifiedengineers 12supporting staff

Mr Lenny Rasor manager fofProductionChemical Near East.

Personnel twoEngineers inKazakhstan , JointVenture in Libya

Third part suppliesto Russia

Mr Lenny Rasor manager fofProductionChemical Near East.

Personnel twoEngineers inKazakhstan , JointVenture in Libya

Third part suppliesto Russia


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Production Chemical

The Problem Solvers

Treating Chemical Specialists


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PRODUCTION CHEMICALin Africa and Eastern Europe.

The Continents of the future forthe Oil and Gas Industry.Production Chemical

An independent group of companies specialising in the specialty treating chemicalindustry. Founded in 1991(we operated for 5 years under another name Oil Chem(Production Chemical Ltd), the company has concentrated its operations in Africa and isexpanding into other areas Far East and Middle East and hoping to enter into theEastern Europe Region. We operate in a number of African Countries in

West Africa

South Central

North Africa

Associations in Singapore, Middle/Far East

Services:

Engineering and Complete Chemical Package including:

Corrosion Monitoring

Continuous 24 hr Engineering Support

Ad Hoc Supplies

Consulting Services specific to Commissioning and pre Start Up Design.

Crude Oil Tank cleaning

Specialty Services Including:

Corrosion Control

Scale Control

Water Treatment

Resolving Emulsions

Tailor Made Formulations

Specialty Supplies in EOR product.

Laboratory Set Up and Advice and Commissioning.

On Site Client Training.

Resources:


7Personnel

We, as a service orientated company, feel that the key resource is our people.

We have numerous international and local engineers. We operate a policy of combiningthe benefits of expatriate engineers and indigenous engineers. This has resulted in ateam of engineers achieving the highest technical standards combined with a practicalapproach to operating and process requirements.

Our ethos is to provide on site qualified engineers to support the optimisation of chemicaltreatment where this is agreeable to the client.

The job doesnt end with the supply of chemicals.

The best chemical must be monitored to be effective

All our intermediates are manufactured to the most exacting standards to ourrequirements by major corporations backed by ISO 9001 certification or better. Thisreflects in the quality of the finished products which results in the SOLVING OFPROBLEMS.

We specialise in giving a service where we monitor the chemicals we supply. It is ourstrongly held belief that the simple supply of chemicals is not enough. We believe thatsuccess depends on regular follow up. This is often provided in the form of twenty fourhour engineer cover. At the very least we attend site regularly, monitoring injection ratesand equipment as well as critical indicators like BS&W, corrosion rates and scaledeposition. We have been very successful in Nigeria where we treat over 300,000 bbls ofcrude oil. We are also treating 150,000 bbls of seawater for pressure maintenance and50,000 bbls of produced water.

We have a complete product range from demulsifiers, pour point depressants, paraffininhibitors, anti-foam, and all water treatment products associated with the oil industry water clarifiers, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, polyelectrolytes, filter aids,biocides, oxygen scavenger and other specific chemicals. Quality control is essential tomaintain our standards and we therefore source our products from multinational suppliers.We have developed a very strong relationship with many of the industries leadingmanufacturers and we have developed products especially tailored to our clients specificneeds and designs. All our products are tailored to the specific nature of the problem andwe formulate all our own products.

We have an innovative system for treating wells with scale/corrosion inhibitors. This isperformed by placing the caps (Encapsulated scale/corrosion inhibitors) in the well withthem being weighted they fall to the rat hole of the well. With the similar time releaseprincipal used in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industry the caps release therequired quantity to protect your tubing from the perforations to the surface and will alsofollow through to the topside equipment. More information on this method of treatmentcan be e-mailed or faxed from our U.K. office.

We also are the agents for Conoco Drag Reducer in Nigeria and in other West AfricanCountries. We have a wealth of experience in the use of this leading edge technologyand we have qualified engineers in this field.

We have three expatriate engineers based in Western African region with 18 years,12years and 6 years respectively in the oil industry. We also have 12 qualified West Africanengineers working across West Africa holding Masters, Degrees and chemistry relatedsubjects. We believe service is essential to the success of injecting Treating Chemicals. Inall cases where we are treating waterfloods we provide 24 hour engineering coverage this service is included in the price per drum this involves routine testing, compatibilitystudies on mixing waters, bacteria cultures, oxygen levels, troubleshooting problems,emulsion and effluent water quality. The engineer will perform oil in waters so as tomaintain ppm levels within specified guidelines, routine and export BS&Ws, scalepredictions using tendency calculations and continuously optimising chemicals. This has


8been proven to be more cost effective as the engineer ensures, on the spot, adjustmentsdue to his regular testing programme. Alternatively we can train company personnel tocarry out regular testing and establish ongoing trends. We also advise on offshorelaboratory services, equipment specific to your needs purchase the equipment ifneeded and set-up the Laboratory. We have a very good reputation on waterfloods andwould like to mentioned some names of our clients who would be very willing to give areference.

We have engineers covering other areas such as the Far East, and Middle East

Shebah contracted Alliance Marine to operate the Trinity Spirirt (before Conoco Independence offshore Nigeria 10,000 bbls/day of seawater and 10,000 bbls ofcrude oil.

Tetra Petroleum (Owned by TransAtlantic Alias CanOxy (Canadian Petroleum) offshore Nigeria - Ejulebe Platform 20,000 bbls/seawater flood Mr Chris Bowrey. Tel00 871 383 025569 email :- [email protected]

Monu Polu Agbani Barge mouth of the Calabar River 50,000 bbls/day ofSeawater injection. Contact Mr Gregg Moser Tel 00 234 1 262 4893 EmailAdebayo Ayorinde - email :- [email protected]

ADDAX Petroleum 100,000 bbls of crude oil 20,000 bbls of produced water NnamdiNwachukwu tel 00 234 1 2610631. - email :[email protected]

ExxonMobil Qua Iboe terminal - treating tank sludge _ million barrels per month.

Shell Arman, Kazakhstan - [email protected]

All these projects are manned and have a resident engineer on board 24 hours. Pleasefeel free to contact the above people. All our Engineers have been trained and we wouldbe happy to place them anywhere in the world.

We would be very interested in performing field tests such as demulsifier bottle testing,pour point tests, water analyses and other field tests to establish our best product specificto your needs. We provide cost effective products and you will find us to be verycompetitive within the oil industry.

Please we would be very interested in supplying you with chemicals and the appropriateengineering services, and advice on your facilities.


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Technical Data


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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP market specialty chemicals and provide services tothe oil and gas exploration industry. These products, marketed under the trade namePRODUCTION CHEMICAL OR PC span the complete range of speciality organicchemicals and solvents, including biocides, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, emulsifiers,foamers, rig washes,scale inhibitors, hydrogen sulphide scavengers, formulated emulsionbreakers, paraffin inhibitors ( including solvents and dispersants), and deoilers/waterclarifiers. Tank cleaning chemicals and specialized formulations for specific problemsassociated with the treatment of oil and gas systems.

Behind PRODUCTION CHEMICAL products are multinational companies willing to supplyintermediates and research to problems associated with the oil industry. PRODUCTIONCHEMICAL has access to these facilities and any problem associated with oil and gasproduction. PRODUCTION CHEMICAL will give the field service, technical backup,including research chemists to solve any problem with the production of oil and gas.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL are marketing a complete range of TREATING CHEMICALSbut we also supply a full range designed for use in the following applications:- ( if moreinformation is required on any of our products please do not hesitate to contact us.)

Drilling Fluids.

Completion/Workover Fluids.

Stimulation Fluids.

Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Water Treatment.

Oil Treatment.

Corrosion protection.


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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL supplies all field service applicable to all the these chemicalsand their applications:-

DRILLING APPLICATIONS

Antifoams/Defoamers

Biocides

Corrosion Inhibitors

Emulsifiers

Foamers

Solvents

Cleaners (including rig washes)

Drilling Detergents

Scale Inhibitors

Surfactants(including tensides and wetters)

Lubricants (including spotting fluids & torque reducers)

Completion/Workover fluid components (including diverting resins)


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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GROUPED BY FUNCTION

Name

DEFOAMERS

PC DF 100 - Alcohol base, particularly suitable for use in water-injection systems.

PC DF 200 - Silicone base, particularly suitable for use in water treatment, but has wide application.

PC DF 300 - Dimethyl siloxane polymer in hydrocarbon solvent. Wide application.

PC DF 400 - Alcohol and silicone polymer blended in hydrocarbon solvent. Designed for application in water based drilling fluids.

PC DF 900 - Glycol based formulation particular suited for cementation, completion and workover operations, but has wide application.

BIOCIDES

PC B 1110 - An 80% active aqueous solution of a fatty benzyl quaternary ammonium chloride. Particularly suitable for use in water injection systems. Also provides some corrosion protection.

PC B 1111 - A liquid blend of quaternary ammonium and ethoxylated salts. Suitable for control of sulphate reducing bacteria.

PC B 1107 - A 50% active aqueous solution of a fatty benzyl quaternary ammonium chloride. Suitable for use in water injection systems.

PC B 1101 - A 40% active aqueous solution of aTriazine based product.. Suitable for controlof sulphate reducing bacteria. Secondary functionas an H2S scavenger excellent for FPSO/FSO slop oil tanksBiodegradable.

PC B 1500 - Microbiocide based on isothiazolones. Biodegradable. Excellent forwaterfloods very good in combination with the B1101. Thiey both arecompatible and can be mixed together without an adverse reactions.

We also have numerous other biocides which we have developed by blending chemistryso as to broaden the effectiveness of the biocides. For example we have B 1101 which isa triazine chemistry and we have mixed with Isothiazolones which produces a veryeffective product for seawater floods - this product is B 1101 E which is alsobiodegradable. We are constantly developing different chemistry so as increaseeffectiveness of our products.


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CORROSION INHIBITORS

PC C.I.2100 - A ready-to-use aqueous solution of film forming fatty amine derivatives particularly suited for water injection systems. Also acts as a biocide capable of controlling sulphate reducing bacteria.

PC C.I.2101 - A ready to use aqueous solution of fatty acids and fatty amines derivatives designed to protect against carbon dioxide corrosion. It is dispersible in both water and oil. Thus it is effective on oil/water mixtures.

PC C.I.2116 - A ready to use aqueous mixture of fatty acids, fatty amine derivatives and a volatile amine. Particularly designed to protect against carbon dioxide corrosion in both the liquid and vapour phases of oil and gas pipelines and gathering systems.

PC C.I.2111 - A ready to use water-soluble blend of cationic, anionic and non-ionic surface active agents. Particularly suited for solids free aqueous packer fluids including brines. Also has a biocidal action including control of sulphate reducing bacteria.

PC C.I.2110 - An aqueous blend of film forming fatty amine derivatives and a solution of ammonium bisulphite. It's a dual function of corrosion protection and oxygen scavenging is particularly suited for water - based drilling fluid applications.

PC C.I. 2108 - A quaternary ammonium compound which has Biocidal properties and is an excellent Corrosion inhibitor. Completely water soluble and ideal in waterfloods.

PC C.I.2151 - A ready to use hydrocarbon solution of fatty amine derivatives soluble in oil and dispersible in water. Designed for protection of oil pipelines and gathering systems against carbon dioxide corrosion.


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PC C.I.2152 - A ready to use aromatic hydrocarbon solution containing a blend of fatty acids and fatty amine derivatives. Designed to protect oil wells and pipelines against carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide attack. It is soluble in oil and dispersible in water. Can be used in diluted form for `squeeze' treatment.

PC C.I.2195 - A 90% active solution of diisopropanolamine, appropriate for cold weather storage and handling. Acts as a solvent to strip acid gases from sour gas streams, especially where sulphur is recovered as a saleable commodity.

EMULSIFIERS

PC E 200 - An oil soluble alkyl phenol ethoxylate designed to provide a balance of properties including a high level of surface activity. Applications include down-hole emulsifications , oil-in-water pipeline emulsification and tank cleaning operations. It is capable of emulsifying a wide range of oil, waxes and hydrocarbon solvents.

PC E 201 - An water soluble alkyl phenol ethoxylate designed to provide a high level of surface activity. Applications include down-hole emulsifications , oil-in-water pipeline emulsification and tank cleaning operations. It is capable of emulsifying a wide range of medium polarity oils and solvents.

PC E 206 - A concentrated aqueous solution of a polymeric alkylene oxide condensate containing an organic co-solvent. Particularly suited for enhancing crude oil recovery where injected water contains high salt or `hardness' contamination. It is insensitive to water hardness, elevated temperatures and electrolytes.


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FOAMERS

PC F 300 - An aqueous solution of an alkyl dimethyl amine oxide miscible with water in all proportions over a wide temperature range. It combines good foaming characteristics with good stabilizing qualities.

PC F 372 - A 70% active anionic biodegradable foaming agent.

SOLVENTS

PC H 600 - A mixture of isomeric branched chain primary C9 aliphatic alcohols used as a component in acidizing fluids. It is soluble in most organic solvents but almost insoluble in water.

PC H 601 - A mixture of isomeric branched chain C9 aliphatic alcohols used as a component in acidizing fluids.

PC H 602 - An alcohol based high flash point, polar solvent with low systemic toxicity. It is suitable as a component in acidizing fluids and as a solvent for preparing formulations.

PC H 610 - An aromatic petroleum derived solvent consisting mainly of C9 and C10 alkyl benzenes. Its high flash point, low viscosity, low pour point, low sulphur content, mild odour and thermal stability make it an ideal organic solvent for many applications, especially formulated preparations.

(Numerous other special purpose solvents are available on request)

CLEANERS INCLUDING RIG WASHES.

PC S 5640 - A non-alkali, non-hydrocarbon, liquid cleaning concentrate totally miscible with fresh or sea water. Suitable for use as a rig wash.

PC S 5609/5610 - See data sheets

PC S 5611/5612 - See data sheets.

DRILLING DETERGENTS


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PC DD 706 - An aqueous concentrate of a blend of surface active agents formulated for water based muds. A `winterized' version is available.

PC DD 707 - A blend of surface active agents formulated for water based muds similar to PC DD 706 but with a defoamer incorporated in the formulation. A `winterized' version is available.

NOTE :- Because of their high level of surface activity DD706 and DD707 have found tobe useful in formulating MUD/CEMENT SPACERS as well. Their properties promoteremoval of dirt, metal particles and mud-cake as spacer scours the well-bore and casingprior to cementing operations.

SCALE INHIBITORS

PC S.I. 3404 - An aqueous solution of low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate suitable for inhibiting the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales. It is stable to hydrolysis, non foaming and does not contain halogens or phosphates/phosphonates.

PC S.I. 3403 - See data sheets.

PC S.I.3405 - An aqueous solution of diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid hepta sodium salt. Suitable for inhibiting the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales.

NOTE :- Blends of PC S.I. 3404/3403/3405 have shown to yield superior performancecharacteristics in field use under some circumstances.

SURFACTANTS

There are a wide range of PRODUCTION CHEMICAL products that can find use asdetergents tensides, wetters, wax dispersants and surface activity enhancers. Most arefully biodegradable. More information on these can be supplied.

All PRODUCTION CHEMICAL products are chosen from years of experience out in thefield and as new products are introduced, PRODUCTION CHEMICAL use them in thefield to establish their efficacy and if found to be effective are introduced into thePRODUCTION CHEMICAL product list.

In addition to the above range of products suitable for use in the oilfield pre-productionstage, there are PRODUCTION CHEMICAL demulsifiers intermediates ranging over 250obtained from six major producers from the U.S.A., U.K., Germany, and France. Also ascan be seen in the brochure we have a range of products for water clarifiers (de-oilers),Paraffin Inhibitors, Water Treatment Chemicals and other specialty chemicalsassociated with the production of oil and gas. We pride ourselves in our field engineerswho are trained out in the field in a practical way and are then put through the theory ina Laboratory.

CONTACT US WITH YOUR INQUIRIES AND YOUR PROBLEMS WILL BE SOLVED


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PRODUCT LIST

PRODUCTION OF OIL

DEMULSIFIERS

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL D SERIES - PC supplies a full range of PC intermediatesbased on -

- propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyadducts

- Oxyalkylated substituted phenols

- aliphatic polyesters

- Oxyalkylated resinous materials

- sulphonates

The final formulation of a demulsifier for optimum treatment can only be selected afterextensive tests.

Anti Foaming Agent

PC DF 30 + DF 300 - Suitable for gas-oil separators and refinery vacuum units

Scale Inhibitors

PC S.I.3404 - A sodium polyacrylate, suitable for the inhibiting the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales.

PC S.I.3403 - A diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid hepta sodium salt, suitable for the inhibiting the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales.

PC S.I.3405 - A diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid hepta sodium salt, suitable for the inhibiting the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales.

PC does have other scale inhibitors for specific problems. Certain waters respond todifferent inhibitors and sometimes water analyses and laboratory testing are requiredbefore recommending the most effective inhibitor.

CORROSION INHIBITORS

PC C.I.2800 - Water soluble, oil dispersible, filming type.

PC C.I.2101 - Dispersible in both water and oil, filming type.

PC C.I.2116 - Oil Soluble, water dispersible, filming type.

PC C.I.2111 - Water soluble, biocidal properties


18 filming type amine.

PC C.I.2108 - Water soluble, biocidal properties filming type amine.

PC C.I.2110 - Water soluble, oil dispersible, oxygen scavenger cocktail, filming type amine.

PC C.I.2151 - Oil soluble, water dispersible, filming type.

PC C.I.2152 - Oil soluble, water dispersible, filming type.

PC C.I.2190 - Oil and water dispersible, biocidal properties, filming type.

PC C.I.2195 - Removal of acid gases, hydrogen sulphide from natural gases, synthesis gas,refinery gases.)

PC C.I.2302 - Oxygen Scavenger for the removal of oxygen.

There are other corrosion inhibitors in our product list which have not been mentioned. Ifthere is any situation which requires specific treatment we will investigate and supply. Forexample we have a corrosion inhibitor for closed circulating systems in engines and wewere requested to combine a scale inhibitor which we developed and supplied.

PARAFFIN INHIBITORS/FLOW IMPROVERS.

PC P.I.4505 - Synthetic copolymer formulation.

PC P.I.4506 - Synthetic copolymer formulation.

PC P.I. 4508 - Synthetic copolymer formulation.

Flow improvers, crystal modifiers are also in our product list. Depending on the problem PCEngineers will test the appropriate chemicals before recommending a treatment.

POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS.

PC PPD 4508 - Synthetic copolymer formulation.


PC PPD 45658G - Synthetic copolymer formulation.


We can develop specific to a problem.

BIOCIDES

PC B 1100 - Nitrogen Carbon Compound.

PC B 1101 - Triazine based.- Biodegradable


19 PC B 1101 E - Triazine/Isothiazolone mixture Biodegradable.

PC B 1106 - Quaternary Ammonium Compound

PC B 1108 - Quaternary Ammonium Compound

PC B 1115 - Glutaraldehyde

PC B 1500 - iIothiazolones

There are other biocides in the PC product list and would be recommended if thoughtapplicable.

PRODUCTION OF GAS

Gas Drying

PC DF 200 - aqueous silicone emulsion. (antifoaming agent)

PC CI 2146 - N-methyldiethanolamine(pH control)

PC CI 2147 - aqueous solution of sodium mercaptobenzothiazole (pH control)

Gas Sweetening

PC DF 250 - silicone antifoaming agent. (sulfinol process)

PC PR 2204 - diisopropanolamine (DIPA)

PC PR 2205 - diisopropanolamine (90% DIPA and 10% water)

PC PR 2207 - N-methyldiethanolamine

Corrosion Inhibitor

PC C.I.2117 - oil soluble, water dispersible, filming type.

WATER FLOOD AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)

Water Flooding we have a lot of experience in this field and supply the complete rangeofchemicals to efficiently treat, seawater floods, fresh water floods and any of the EORsystems.

Oxygen Scavengers

PC C.I.2304 - hydrazine hydrate, activated.

PC C.I.2305 - sodium bisulphite, 40% aqueous


20 solution.

PC C.I.2302 - ammonium bisulphite

Biocides

As mentioned above there are biocides we market that are in aqueous state or solidstate. Supplied to customers demands. Biocides are to be tested on the bacteria beforerecommendation can be made.

Scale Inhibitors

As mentioned above.

Corrosion Inhibitors

As mentioned above. PC will perform laboratory tests to recommend the best corrosioninhibitor for a particular system.

PRODUCT DATA SHEET.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL P.I./P.P.D. SERIES PARAFFIN SOLVENTS/PARAFFIN DISPERSANTS


21 PARAFFIN CRYSTAL MODIFIERS, POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS

=====================================================================

GENERAL INFORMATION

PC P.I. SERIES is the trade name for the paraffin control chemicals marketed byProduction Chemical Group under the prefix of PC. The product line composes of threetypes of products:

1. PARAFFIN SOLVENTS2. PARAFFIN DISPERSANTS3. PARAFFIN CRYSTAL MODIFIERS4. POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS

The product used depends on the application and the economic circumstances.

PARAFFIN SOLVENTS:- When a well becomes plugged by paraffin forming in thetubing or on the sucker rods, or when the flowlines are plugged with paraffin, it isnecessary to clean out the lines before starting a prevention programme withdispersants or crystal modifiers. PC paraffin solvents maybe used in concentratedform or mixed with oil to dissolve and remove already formed deposits. Solvents workby reducing the deposit to a soft mush, which can be flushed from the system by theproduced fluid. If paraffin is a complicating factor in oil/water emulsion breakers theycan generally be improved by diluting them with PC paraffin solvents. The PC paraffindispersants and crystal modifiers are formulated in paraffin solvents to increase theirfunctionality.

PARAFFIN DISPERSANTS :- The PC paraffin dispersants are used to prevent orretard the deposition of paraffin crystals, both downhole and in surface equipment.PC paraffin dispersants coat the small paraffin crystals as they come out of solution,thus preventing the crystals forming larger bodies or sticking to pipe surfaces. Whenused in concentrated batch treatments, PC paraffin dispersants can dissolve andremove existing paraffin deposits. Continuous injection can be used to preventparaffin deposition . Emulsion breakers performance can often be improved by usingthem with PC paraffin dispersants where paraffin tank bottoms are prevalent.

PARAFFIN CRYSTAL MODIFIERS :- After existing paraffin deposits have beenremoved by solvents and/or dispersants, PC paraffin crystal modifiers can be usedas a preventative treatment. The crystal modifiers are polymeric materials which workby co-crystalizing with the wax crystals. This causes the wax crystals to be lesslikely to agglomerate and adhere to pipe surfaces. This in turn reduces or eliminatesparaffin deposition and sometimes can lower the pour point temperature. PC paraffincrystal modifiers can be injected continuously or used in batch treatments. They workbetter and are more economical when injected into the system before paraffinformation begins. This usually occurs when the oil cools in the production tubing nearthe surface and gets more cooling in the flowlines. Sometimes the paraffin crystallizesdownhole.

POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS these products are used to reduce the pour points ofcrude. Usually used for obtaining pour points preventing solidification of crude atcertain temperatures along the production process including the shipping in tankers.They are very specific and extensive testing is required to obtain the most effectiveproduct. Treatment ranges can vary from 200ppm 1000ppm.

FACTORS INFLUENCING TREATING


22The following factors largely determine the feasibility and method of using PC P.I.SERIES paraffin control chemicals.

1. Type of well completion. 2. Depth of well. 3. Fluid level of well 4. Bottom hole temperature. 5. Surface temperature. 6. Downhole and surface location of paraffin deposition. 7. Extent or severity of paraffin deposition. 8. Water/oil ratio. 9. Total fluid volume of system. 10.Surface area of affected system(tubing, lines, vessels etc.)

TREATING APPLICATIONS AND METHODS :-

Many factors affect the performance of paraffin control chemicals, therefore it isimportant to have the right application. A specific treating recommendation should bemade only after a complete evaluation of the system has been made. PC fieldengineers are qualified by field experience and laboratory training to recommend andservice all PC products. Research chemists are available to help solve unusual orspecial treating problems.

PACKAGING

PC P.I./PPD SERIES are packaged in 200 litre drums.

AVAILABILITY

PC P.I./PPD SERIES are available from PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP, 1 BelleVue Close, Staines, TW18 2HY - United Kingdom - [email protected] - Tel 44-1784-453477 --- Fax 44-1784-466320.

STORAGE AND HANDLING

Care should be taken in handling the PC P.I./PPD SERIES around open flames orsparks. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case ofcontact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call aphysician. Flush skin with water. Wash clothing before reuse

PRODUCT DATA SHEET.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL CI SERIES CORROSION INHIBITORS

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GENERAL INFORMATION

The C.I. SERIES are specially formulated compounds. Their primary organic basesare 1. Nitrogenous compounds 2. Sulphur compounds 3. Fatty alkyl phosphate esters4. Oils. The main group that makes up Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitors are theNITROGENOUS GROUP.

Nitrogenous Compounds

1. Salts of nitrogenous compounds with carboxylic acids.2. Amides and Imidazolines.3. Quaternary ammonium compounds.4. Ethoxylated amines/amides/imidazolines5. Nitrogen heterocyclics.

CORROSION INHIBITOR AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES

The six categories PRODUCTION CHEMICAL identify corrosion Inhibitors and theseare:-

Type of Corrosion Inhibitor Environment to treatIdentified by Solubility

1. Water Soluble Sweet2. Oil Soluble Water Dispersible Sweet3. Oil Soluble Sweet4. Water Soluble Sour5. Oil Soluble Water Dispersible Sour6. Oil Soluble Sour

Corrosion Inhibitors are usually selected on the basis of solubility or dispersibility in thefluids which are to be inhibited. Frequently in a hydrocarbon system, a corrosioninhibitor which is soluble in hydrocarbon is used. In water systems, water solublecorrosion inhibitors are used. Oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitors arefrequently used in systems composed of both hydrocarbon and water.

Each of these methods of administering corrosion inhibitors has been used withsuccess. However, in considering various situations which could exist, thesemethods of treating are not always adequate to mitigate corrosion.

The most obvious example of such a situation is that which exists in many pipelinesand flowlines. The fluids within the line are predominately hydrocarbon with a smallquantity of water. Often, the water carried by the hydrocarbon is separated in the lineas the hydrocarbons are transported. At each low point in the pipeline or flowline,water accumulates, creating a potentially corrosive environment.

The selection of a corrosion inhibitor for use in a pipeline carrying crude oil and wateris very important. The corrosion inhibitor selected can be either oil soluble, oil soluble-water dispersible or water soluble.

Selection of oil soluble corrosion inhibitors for use in pipelines which are designed totransport crude oil, is frequently made simply because crude oil is in the pipeline. Whilethis is a logical premise, it may prove to be a costly procedure at some latter date. Forinstance, most pipelines and flowlines carry small volumes of water and largequantities of oil fail from corrosion on the bottom portion of the pipe rather than the top.Usually the upper portion of the pipe is found to be well protected due to the oil solubleinhibitor.


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The use of an oil soluble-water dispersible corrosion inhibitors is widespread insystems handling both oil and water. This type of inhibitor may do a good jobprotecting oil wells, or small diameter flowlines due to high velocity and or turbulentflow which promotes mixing of the inhibitor and produced fluids. However, it may notprovide the desired protection in larger flowlines or pipelines carrying these samefluids due to reduction in velocity and or turbulence.

Water soluble corrosion inhibitors are also widely used in the oil field, especially inwaterfloods and salt water disposal systems. Because of the relative short film lifeand persistence of water soluble corrosion inhibitors , they are continuously injected.

One might assume a water soluble inhibitor is the answer to treating a pipelinecarrying crude oil and water, since water on the bottom of the pipe is the primarysource of corrosion problem. However, there is another problem which must beconsidered. The portion of pipe which is occupied by the oil and water emulsion isalso a corrosive environment. Under such conditions, a water soluble would probablynot provide adequate protection. However, it has been proven that a portion of mostwater soluble corrosion inhibitors dissolve into the oil, which will give some protect ionin the oil phase.

To summarise, small diameter flowlines and pipelines which transport fluids at highvelocities can be successfully treated with oil soluble or oil soluble-water dispersibleinhibitors, due to the frequent contact of oil with the wall of the pipe. Just thechemistry alone and the fact that these inhibitors are oil soluble means they do workand protect the walls better than water soluble. If you can get away with treating withoil soluble or oil soluble-water dispersible this is desirable. On the other hand largediameter pipes which are plagued with low spots, or dips creating dead areas andthe flow tending to be laminar flow, allows water to settle and corrosion to occur.This is when a water soluble inhibitor should be recommended.

Gas pipelines have also a unique problems and the corrosion inhibitors have to beformulated to protect the gas phase, water phase and oil phase. We can formulate avolatile amine to take care of the gas phase, water soluble so as to take care of thewater phase and finally the oil portion which takes care of the oil phase in a cocktail.On the other hand we have performed numerous laboratory and field tests and havedata to show that a oil soluble-water dispersible/water soluble can successful treat agas line the main reason is the turbulent flow will cause the inhibitor to aspirate andcoat every inch of the pipeline/flowline walls.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL recommend a corrosion inhibitor programme and thefollowing are essential to its success :-

1. Details of corrosive gases are required different products work differently insour or sweet environments.

2. Flow characteristics in the pipeline.3. Fluid the pipeline is carrying.4. Temperatures.5. Corrosion monitoring system is required.

THEREFORE TO CONCLUDE :- IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER EVERY PIPELINESITUATION IS UNIQUE AND SHOULD BE TREATED AS A NEW CORROSION PROBLEM.


Many variables affect the performance of corrosion inhibitors therefore a largenumber of special formulations are necessary. A specific treating recommendationcan be made only after a complete evaluation of the system has been made by PC


25sales engineers. Research chemists are available to help solve unusual or specialtreating problems.

PC CI SERIES are injected in different ways depending on the circumstances, theprocess and the corrosive elements in the system. Inhibitors are continuouslyinjected, batch treatment,. and squeeze treatments. These are the main forms oftreatment.

CONTINUOUS INJECTION

Continuous treatment through an injection line is the preferred method of treatment togive reliable corrosion control. Typical application:-

Oil Wells 25-1000ppm based on water production.Gas Wells 25-2000ppm depending on water production.

In flowlines/pipelines/surface equipment it is desirable to apply continuously as farupstream of the problem as possible. Initially it may be desirable to dose the inhibitor ata concentration in excess of that normally required so as to establish a good filmcoverage usually two or thee times the normal levels. Thereafter a rate of 2-100pmwould be necessary according to the corrosivity of the fluids.

BATCH TREATMENT

Batch treating of oil and gas wells involves the use of calculated volume of acorrosion inhibitor either neat or as a solution/dispersion in solvent/water, plusflushing liquid introduced into either the annulus or the tubing. In an oil well without apacker, the inhibited fluid can be recirculated from the annulus through the tubing andback to the annulus to ensure a good film thickness. In a gas well the inhibited fluid ispumped into the tubing and allowed to flow under gravity to the bottom by shutting inthe well for up to 24 hours. Wells with standing columns of fluid may requireweighted inhibitors Typical inhibitor applications:-

Oil Wells 500-5000 ppm, twice per week to once per month.Gas Wells 5-50% diluted, weekly to very 2 months.

In flowlines/piplelines/surface equipment batch can used when cost is essential andwhere no injection facilities are available. This can used as an alternative tocontinuous injection but the type of inhibitor is totally different as it must have aconsiderably higher persistence characteristic than other inhibitors. It is usuallybatched through the pig launcher in a diluted form diesel/kerosene. The normalbatches range from 80 litres/400 liters per week depending on size of pipeline and thecorrosivity of the fluids.

SQUEEZE TREATMENT

Squeeze treatments consists of injecting corrosion inhibitors/solvent mixtures into thetubing with a high pressure pump, followed by several tubing volumes of overflush,such that an inhibitor solution penetrates the formation face. After absorbing to thesurfaces of solids in the formation , the inhibitor is slowly produced back into thewellbore with the produced fluids. Treatment lifetimes are much longer than batchtreatments. Again highly persistent inhibitors are required and highly cationic in nature.

With squeeze operations it is particularly important that the inhibitor does not gunk inthe solvent as this would result in formation damage. There is also potential risk ofemulsion block formation. Squeezing of corrosion inhibitor can be carried out as a


2610% solution in diesel (for example) with a diesel overflush. A typical treatment wouldrequire 80-100 drums of inhibitor to 500 drums of diesel overflush.

Squeezes are only relevant to downhole applications.

OTHER SYSTEMS

There are other systems Production Chemical supply inhibitors for such as waterfloods,steam systems, water treatment, boiler treatment and relevant information on any of thesesystems can be emailed, faxed or posted.

PACKAGING

PC C.I. SERIES are packaged in 200 liter drums or small containers if requested.

AVAILABILITY

PC C.I. SERIES are available from PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP, 1 Belle VueClose, Staines, TW18 2HY, U.K. email [email protected] - Tel No.01784-453477 fax no 01784-466320.


Care should be taken in handling the PC C.I. SERIES around open flames or sparks.Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation.


PRODUCT DATA SHEET.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL D SERIES EMULSION BREAKERS/DEMULSIFIERS

=====================================================================

GENERAL INFORMATION

PC DEMULSIFIERS are specially formulated compounds based on resins adducts,sulphonates, esters, ethers and polymer chemistry


27EMULSION BREAKERS/DEMULSIFIERS/DESALTERS

Water from trace amounts to 99 percent of total production, is produced along withmost of the crude oil produced throughout the world each day. Virtually every wellproduces excessive amounts of water at some time in its life.

When water and oil are produced together, a stable emulsion is sometimes formedwith oil as the continuous phase. Breaking this emulsion normally requires neutralizingor destroying the natural emulsifying agent, allowing water droplets to coalesce, orunite in larger drops. Eventually the water settles by gravitational force. Commonterms for this separation are demulsification or dehydration.

Demulsification can be accomplished by mechanical or chemical means, or by acombination of these. The PC D SERIES are specialty chemicals designed tofavourably alter the forces that maintain a stable water-in-oil emulsions.

DESALTING COMPOUNDS

Desalting is the removal of sodium chloride and other salts from crude oils before theyare processed. Crude streams can carry up to 500 pounds salt per 1,000 bbls evenafter field dehydration.Desalting results in :-

1. Reduced corrosion resulting from hydrochloric acid formed from hydrolysis of alkalichloride salts.

2. Reduced probability of fouling heat exchanger bundles and coils.

3. Increased heat transfer.

4. Reduced catalyst poisoning in reformers and fluid catalyst cracking units.

PC D SERIES desalting compounds efficiently demulsify the salt water and crudemixture in conventional wash tanks and increase the efficiency of electrical desaltingequipment.


Many variables affect the performance of emulsion breakers and desaltingcompounds, therefore a large number of special formulations are necessary. Aspecific treating recommendation can be made only after a complete evaluation of thesystem has been made by PC sales engineers. Research chemists are available tohelp solve unusual or special treating problems.

PC D SERIES are normally injected into the system on a continuous basis withchemical feeder pumps or lubricators. Batch treatments can be by batching thechemical directly into the stock or wash tanks.

PACKAGING

PC D SERIES are packaged in 55- gallon drums.

AVAILABILITY

PC D SERIES are available from PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP, 1 Belle VueClose, Staines, TW18 2HY, U.K..



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Care should be taken in handling the PC D SERIES around open flames or sparks.Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation.


PRODUCT DATA SHEET.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL S.I. SERIES SCALE - REMOVERS/ INHIBITORS

=====================================================================

GENERAL INFORMATION

PC S.I. SERIES is the trade name for the scale, control chemicals marketed byProduction Chemical Group under the prefix of PC. Scale deposit formation is a naturalconsequence of handling industrial waters and has been recognized since ancienttimes. In the oil producing industry today it is theoretically possible to predict scaledeposition in advance using computer models. These computer predictions are notabsolute but indicate the likelihood of scale. Oilfield waters can be unpredictable dueto the vast complex systems, with new fields, new waters co-mingling and


29temperature changes happening all the time, scaling conditions can develop withindays and certainly before a preventative programme can be put in place. ProductionChemical have the computer modelling capabilities and can therefore predict thepossible areas of scale and the type of scale.

Production Chemical product line composes of three types of products:

1. SCALE INHIBITORS2. SCALE DISPERSANTS3. SCALE REMOVAL

The product used depends on the application and the economic circumstances.

1 & 2) SCALE INHIBITORS/DISPERSANTS:- Scale Inhibitors are broadly classified as

a. Threshold inhibitors(crystal growth modifiers, nucleation inhibitors)b. Dispersants.c. Complexing Agents.

THRESHOLD INHIBITORS relates to the effective use of extremely low sub-stoichiometric concentrations of chemicals, typically 2-20ppm, to modify the kinetics ofscale forming process. It is observed that the performance of inhibitors increasessuddenly above a specific concentration in the scaling brine solution. It is essential todetermine this value as this represents the minimum concentration of an inhibitor thatwill be effective (sometimes known as the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC).Threshold inhibitors work either by modifying crystal growth or by reducing the rate ofnucleation (kinetic effects).DISPERSANTS act to prevent particles from agglomerating and so reduce pipewalldeposition and especially sludge formation. Many polymeric inhibitors show gooddispersancy properties.COMPLEXING AGENTS bind the scaling cations in a thermodynamically stable watersoluble complex. They act stoichiometrically so relatively high dose levels are normallyrequired for complete protection.

SCALE INHIBITOR TYPES :-

There are two major chemistry types of threshold inhibitors and these area. polycarboxylatesb. phosphorous-containing compounds phosphates, phosphate

esters and phosphonates.

A.) In general the polycaboxylates rarely provide optimum performance againstcalcium carbonate. Some polymer inhibitors, particularly the higher molecular weightacrylate base products are sensitive to soluble calcium, which in sufficientconcentration can precipitate the product as a calcium salt. On the other hand thistype of chemistry has proven itself on barium sulphate inhibition.

B.) There are numerous combinations and different chemistry on the phopshorousgroup generally have good overall treatment they are effective against most scaleformations. As mentioned above in some cases the polycarboxylate groups are suitedand perform better in certain circumstances.

The polymeric and phosphorous type scale inhibitors are effective in brines having pHvalues between 5.0-8.5. Either side of this range their effectiveness decreases. Thisdoes not mean they will not work outside these pH ranges but will not be quite as costeffective.

1.) DISPERSANTS these can actually be grouped with thepolymer groups above. Polymers are good dispersants. They areusually used where the injection point is after the point of


30crystallization and inhibitors will not work once precipitation has takenplace. Therefore in certain circumstances dispersants are necessaryto keep the crystals from agglomerating and this is when dispersantsare essential.

2.) COMPLEXING AGENTS EDTA, NTA, DTPA and theirsimple salts are complexing agents and have been widely used forsale control in water treatment industries: however these complexantsshow no threshold effects and combine 1: 1 stoichiometric proportionwith divalent cations. The complexes ate thermodynamically stable butto achieve scale prevention performance, high concentrations wouldbe needed for most oilfield applications. They are use alot in stimulationand workover applications.

3.) SCALE REMOVAL. - Scale dissolver treaments have beendeveloped and are suitable for all common oilfield scales. Processesare available to treat mineral hardness scales (carbonates andsulphate minerals), mill scales, (iron oxides, hydroxides), somesulphides and mixed scales containing organic matter such as waxand asphalt.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL have a complete range of scale removalproducts.

In order to plan a scale removal treatment package it is essentialto have the maximum information about the type, position andaccessibility of the deposit. An estimate of the amount of scale to beremoved will enable calculation of chemical volumes. Samples of scalewill enable pre-testing of recommended processes.

When removing scale usually a three stage treatment isnecessary hydrocarbon can form around a scale and give it analmost perfect protection against the water soluble acids. Therefore adegreaser is needed first to remove this hydrocarbon layer.

Therefore the three stages are:- pre-treatment to remove surface dirt, oil etc main treatment to remove bulk deposit post treatment to minimize risk of corrosion or refouling of surface.

Production Chemical have a series of products that are available forthe removal of scale deposits. We tailor make the formulations specificto the problems after the analysis of the sample. Also we can addinhibitors to protect the metal surface during the actuAlly removalprocess. Also if acids have been used to remove carbonate scale ormill scale from steelwork then it is advisable to perform a flushingoperation to protect the steel from corrosion/scaling. Any acid left incontact with the steel surface is likely to very corrosive. One commontreatment is to use buffered citric acid or ammonia solution tocompletely flush the system to a pH of 9.5, followed by passivationwith sodium nitrite or hydrogen pyroxide. This type of passivation istemporary. More permanent corrosion protection can be provided byvarious mineral oils which may contain corrosion inhibitors. Passivationwill not have any significant effect of subsequent scaling. To preventscaling, it is advisable to use scale inhibitors.



31Many factors affect the performance of scale control chemicals and dissolvers,therefore it is important to have the right application. A specific treatingrecommendation should be made only after a complete evaluation of the system hasbeen made. PC field engineers are qualified by field experience and laboratory trainingto recommend and service all PC products. Research chemists are available to helpsolve unusual or special treating problems. Scale Inhibitors injection range canbetween 2-100ppm depending on temperatures, scale tendencies, severity, and typeof scale. Dissolvers are purely dependent on amount of scale, type of scale beforetreatment commences. PC engineers can put a scale removal package together andengineering supplied.

PACKAGING

PC S.I. SERIES are packaged in 200 litre drums or small containers if required.

AVAILABILITY

PC S.I. SERIES are available from PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP, 1 Belle VueClose, Staines, TW18 2HY - United Kingdom - [email protected] - Tel 44-1784-453477 --- Fax 44-1784-466320.


Care should be taken in handling the PC S.I. SERIES around open flames or sparks.Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation and keep away from alkalineproducts.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case ofcontact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call aphysician. Flush skin with water. Wash clothing before reuse.

Product Data Sheet.

PRODUCTION CHEMICAL W.C.SERIES WATER CLARIFIERS/DEOILERS

====================================================

GENERAL INFORMATION

PC W.C. SERIES is the trade name for water clarifiers and deoilers which assist in theseparation of oil and solids from produced waters. PC W.C. SERIES composes ofpolymer type products at different molecular weights added to different solutionswhich enhance the separation process.

This product line resolves oil-in-water(reverse) emulsions, coalesces oil particle, andagglomerates suspended solids. Treatment with PC W.C. SERIES reduces the need forexpensive clarification equipment and provides more efficient performance fromexisting equipment. Effluent water standards are generally met for oil content ofdischarge.


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PC is also involved in the Hydrocyclone technology and provide specific de-oilers forthis process. The chemicals concerned are normally lower molecular weight polymersso as to produce a slightly larger floc which will not break-up through the separationprocess inside the hydrocyclone. Also other clarifiers/deoilers are supplied forconventional static tank separation and also floatation cells. Clarifiers are normallywater soluble but with recent technology emulsions, colloidal and oil soluble productshave been marketed.

TREATING APPLICATIONS AND RATES

Generally 5 to 20 ppm of clarifiers is continuously added to the water dumplines onthe process equipment. The chemical is usually administered by chemical injectionpump. It is sometimes necessary to cut back on the clarifier as sometimes as little as2ppm can be effective. The chemical may be fed directly from the drum or may bediluted with water before application. The chemical injection pump should be locatedupstream of equipment designed to remove the oil and solids from the water, Also, thechemical should be injected where rapid and efficient mixing will occur. A specifictreating recommendation should be made only after a complete evaluation of thesystem has been made. PC field engineers are qualified by field experience andlaboratory training to recommend and service all PC products. Research chemists areavailable to help solve unusual or special treating problems.

PC has special knowledge associated with hydrocyclone technology.

PACKAGING

PC W.C. SERIES are packaged in 200 litre drums.

AVAILABILITY

PC P.I. SERIES are available from PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP, 1 Belle VueClose, Staines, TW18 2HY - United Kingdom - [email protected] - Tel 44-1784-453477 --- Fax 44-1784-466320.


The same normal precautions should be taken in handling the PC W.C. SERIES as acidsolutions. Safety measures such as rubber gloves and goggles should be used.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case ofcontact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call aphysician. Flush skin with water. Wash clothing before reuse.


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Company Safety Policy


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POLICY GUIDELINE

It is our philosophy in the Production Chemical Group, accidents, injuries, damage toequipment, and the environment are factors which by themselves, or in conjunctionwith other complex variables, are unsafe acts resulting in lost time, and slow downbusiness aspirations. Accidents can be controlled and prevented - management andemployees should be involved in the constant effort to maintain acceptable standardsof health and safety at work at all times. IT IS A TEAM EFFORT.

Safety is specific to the type of business - certain safety regulations are moreimportant in some industries than others - we deal in specialty chemicals associatedwith the oil industry and some of these products can be hazardous - Toxic, Corrosive,Flammable, or a combination and we as a group must be aware of the environmentaland personal effects these chemicals can have on our lives.

It is the duty of Management to provide adequate resources and to delegateresponsibilities to supervisory staff for proper implementation of safety rules andregulations by their subordinates.

Proper precautions will be taken to prevent environmental degradation, properprecautions to create a healthy and conducive working environment, properprecautions to impede, predict and thus prevent accidents on the road, in the workplace, and other possible areas, proper precautions when dealing with chemicals -proper safety apparatus and Personal Protective Equipment, foresee potential areasof accidents and report them.- Keep Supervisors and Management aware of your


35ideas on safety, and report any accidents however small and KEEP MANAGEMENTAWARE.

All employees will have a copy of this safety and environmental booklet and all willread it, as occasionally Management will ask questions specific to the safetyregulations of our Companies.

Signed ....................................................... Group Managing Director.

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR PRODUCTION CHEMICAL GROUP.

TO ALL STAFF

ACCIDENT PREVENTION PLAN

It is our objective to keep accidents down by forward planning and exhaustive hazardidentification for each phase of work. These are to be carried out bysupervisors/senior engineers and a detailed list of identified hazards used for reviewduring monthly safety meetings.

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION

The areas to be covered are:-

a) To prevent accidental and traumatic injuries arising from contact with energysources, unguarded rotating equipment, horseplay or faulty equipment, exposureto gases, fumes and other sources of toxic/harmful emissions.

b) To train employees to be able to perform simple first aid, fight fires withportable fire extinguishers. This training will form part of in-house preventionmeasures.

c) Train all personnel in how to swim. Staff will be swim-tested or trained inswimming proficiency to the level of personal survival before being deployed towork in a marine environment. While in such environment, the employeeirrespective of level in the company must wear personal floatation device.

d) Train all employees on the hazardous labels, handling of chemicals, theprotective clothing necessary to handle chemicals safely, the storage of


36chemicals and the detrimental effects certain chemicals have on the environmentand on humans.

e) Reduce the hazards of transportation especially on the highway and strikinginjuries during lifting operations and as part of company regulations, drivers ofcompany vehicles must be fit and possess a valid driving license. When drivertraining opportunities arise, drivers will be nominated to attend defensive drivingschool.

For mechanical lifting - cranes, forklifts, approved and certified equipment shall beused. Offshore, on land, in a yard it is the duty of all employees involved in liftingoperations to stay clear of the hoisting area and wear head, hand and footprotection equipment.

PROTECTION STRATEGY

In order to keep accidents to a minimum a level of protection is required. The provisionof such protective equipment shall be the duty of Management. However,Management through supervisory staff will ensure compliance. All staff will wearprotective equipment and if seen without the proper equipment the relevant party willbe reprimanded - regular offenders be warned, the company has a right to dismissany staff if PPE is not worn or is misused.

- Personal Protective Equipment

Hard hats, coveralls, safety boots, hand gloves, and goggles are to be providedfor use. These items are intended to minimize individuals exposure to injury andadverse effects. Particular attention must be given to the nature of hazard and theexposure of the individual during selection. Extremes of cold and heat, chemicalcontacts, slippery surfaces, punctures, and heavy or sharp objects, are somesuch hazards. For effectiveness the user must have a knowledge and a basicunderstanding of the hazards concerned. Adequate instructions to the user onthe equipment limitations is of immense importance.

When handling chemicals additional PPE must be worn such as aprons, full facialmasks, breathing apparatus (filters), gloves which are able to prevent penetrationof the chemicals into the skin, be it the hand or any part of the body. Certainaromatic solvents are carcinogenic and therefore should not touch any part of theskin - protective measures to prevent this should be implemented and appropriatewears should be provided to give this protection.

- Environmental Protection.

It is our policy to ensure a clean environment - maintain this in the work place,offshore and at our houses and surrounding areas.

Disposing of chemicals must be done in an environmentally friendly manner and inaccordance with local regulations. Any discharge of hazardous material must bereported to the local authorities. Empty used drums must be disposed of in anenvironmental acceptable manner. All drums received back from our clients arerecycled back or if badly damaged will be destroyed - metal drums can be cut upand sold to the local market in Africa. Plastic drums can be cut up and melteddown.

- Equipment Protection

Integrity of equipment used for work, plays a vital role in accident preventionmeasures - DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS NOT ONLY UNSAFE AND DANGEROUS TOLIFE, BUT ALSO REDUCES EFFICIENCY, QUALITY, AND GIVES THE COMPANY A


37POOR IMAGE. To this end , preventative and scheduled maintenance should becarried out for all pieces of equipment and such a report be ready for inspection atany time.

- Health Plan

Management must demonstrate a visible premium on the standards of its staff workingenvironment. Towards achieving this, a conducive environment for work such asillumination, ventilation, amenable offices, sanitary facilities and appropriate tools tomaintain the above.

- First Aid.For minor ailments, both on site and office, a first aid box ; with drugs provided andadministered by a trained pharmacist. Training in first aid should be continuous andefforts should be made to train chosen members of staff.

The kit should have a list of pharmaceuticals and records to show its administration.Records of first aid treatments are forwarded to the company consultant pharmacist.

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