PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEON THE MECHANICS OF JOINTED AND FAULTED ROCK - MJFR-2VIENNA/AUSTRIA/10-14 APRIL 1995

Mechanics of Jointedand Faulted RockEdited by

HANS-PETER ROSSMANITHInstitute of Mechanics, Technical University of Vienna, Austria

A. A. BALKEMA/ROTTERDAM/BROOKFIELD/1995

Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock, Rossmanith (ed.)© 1995Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN905410541 0

Table of contents

Preface XVII

Plenary lectures

Geojoints and geostresses 3A £ Scheidegger

Testing and modeling of rock joints 37O. Stephansson & LJing

On the stress-strain relations for cracked elastic materials in compression 49EKLehner & M. Kachanov

Simulation of extensive fracture formation and interaction in brittle materials 63J.A.L Napier &AP. Peirce

Some consequences of jointing in practical rock mechanics 75C. Fairhurst

Analogue modeling of brittle deformation: Results and prospects 77J. P. Petit

Solids with cracks

Effective elastic properties of solids with cavities of various shapes 81M Kachanov

Micromechanical analysis of anomalous behavior of b-value of rock 85M. Hori & £ Maro

Some experimental results on three-dimensional crack propagation in compression 91AVDyskin, LN.Germanovich, R. J.Jewell, KJoer, J.S.Krasinski, KKLee, J.-C.Roegiers,E Sahouryeh &KB. Ustinov

Thermodynamic equation of state for brittle materials at incipient failure 97RT. Brady

Impact induced damage in rock 103HP.Rossmanith, R.£Knasmillner & LMishnaevsky Jr

Volumetric imaging and characterization of natural fracture networks 109C Montemagno &LJ. Pyrak-Nolte

Crack growth in the postcritical path of deformation of sedimentary rocks 113J.Pininska

Statistical theory of strength, deformation and failure of rocks 119AN.Stavrogin & RGTarasov

Evaluation of characteristics and coefficients determining the scale effect in jointed rock 125massesMl Leal Gomes & A Pinto da Cunha

Joint shear behavior

A new model for the shear strength of rock joints with irregular surfaces 133T.Kimura & T.Esaki

Post-peak shear behavior of artificial joints 139ZYYang&Y.M. Huang

The shear strength of discontinuities in Karoo dolerite, South Africa 145CAJermy&F.GBell

A study of the effect of roughness and inclination of weakness planes on the strength 151properties of rock and coalVS. Vutukuri, S.M.F. Hossaini &M.H Foroughi

Irregular joint shear behavior on the basis of 3D modelling of their morphology: Morphology 157description and 3D modellingIRiss, GArchambault, RFlamand, S.Gentier & CSirieix

A re-evaluation of irregular joint shear behavior on the basis of 3D modelling of their 163morphology: Joint mechanical shear behavior and modellingGArchambault, S. Gentier, J. Riss, R Flamand & C. Sirieix

A laser scanning device to measure joint surface roughness 169CAJermy

On the heating of rock joints induced by earthquakes 175MBarbero & M. Borri-Brunetto

Heated areas during shearing of a rock joint 181CSirieix, SGentier, J.Riss & GArchambault

A cell mapping technique and its application at Roda Sten, Sweden 187J.He

An appraisal of structural mapping techniques 193J.Hadjigeorgiou, J.ELessard, EVillaescusa & P.Germain

Rock mass discontinuities surveyings through photoanaly sis 201GCrosta

Probabilistic subsidence prediction based on field-observed data for jointed overburden 207YP.Chugh, KMehta & GYang

VI

Stress relief joints of gorge 217At L Lin & J.I Hung

Constitutive behavior

A new model material to simulate rock 225G. R. Mostyn &M.H Bagheripour

Stress-strain relation model of brittle shear zones 231M Coubal & J. Mdlek

Micromechanical modeling of stress-strain behavior of rock mass with oblique joint sets 235CHChan&T.H Huang

Modelling of postcritical behavior of geomaterials 241LV.Nikitin

An elastoplastic-damage model for rock-like materials 247J.SLiao

Some examples of autoclastic rock fabric formation 253RTomljenovic

Analyses of geomechanical decay phenomena of marbles employed in historical monuments 259in TuscanyCAGarzonio, F.Fratini, CManganelli Del Fa, P.Giovannini & CBlasi

Geology and structural geology

Joints in the Miocene rocks of the Carpathian Foreland (Poland) 267M. Rauch

Neotectonic joints, indicators of the contemporary stress directions in the seismically active 273Chalkidiki peninsula (N. Greece)M. D. Tranos, S. R Pavlides &D.M. Mountrakis

Joints in the outer flysch Carpathians, Southern Poland 279T.Mardal

A comparison of fracture orientation data at different scales in a welded tuff near Creede, 285Colorado, USAJ.KOdum, S.EDiehl&ET.Lee

Geo-structural and geomechanical setting of the Carrara Marble quarries, Italy 291MColi

Tertiary paleostress variation in time and space near the eastern margin of the Basin 297and Range province, UtahR J. Kowallis, £ H Christiansen, T.K Blatter &J.D. Keith

Faults and faulting

Fault and joint swarms in a normal fault zone 305S £ Laubach, R. £ Mace &HS. Nance

VII

What do kink bands mean? 311J. Selles-Martinez

Numerical study of the effect of grain rotations on material behavior in a fault zone 317£ Bauer & J.Tejchman

Deformation bands and early folding in Lower Eocene flysch sandstone, Outer Carpathians, 323PolandA K Tokarski, ASwierczewska & M. Banas

On fractal geometry in fault systems of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland 329L Teper & A Idziak

Structural characteristics of tectonic horsts and grabens in the area of zinc and lead ore 335occurrence near OlkuszJ. Cabala

Joints and shears of the N-Sudetic Synclinorium 341AT.Solecki

Dynamic shear development and mineralization at the San Gregorio gold mine, Uruguay 347ZEP.de Quadros, J.CKoppe &AJ.Strieder

The dynamics of joint and fault modelling in carbonate rocks - Maslenica structure (Croatia) 355EPrelogovic, DJamicic & T.Novosel

Folding and deformational style in overthrust structures on Krk Island (Croatia) 359DJamicic, £ Prelogovic & RTomljenovic

Synergetics of zones of deep faults 363F.A Letnikov

Quantitative analysis of faulting in the zones of lithospheric extension 3675 L Sherman

Joint hydraulics and hydro-fracturing

The role of fractures in regional groundwater flow 375J. R Mayer &J.M Sharp, Jr

In situ stress and permeability in fractured and faulted crystalline rock 381C A Barton, M D. Zoback & D. Moos

Theoretical determination of the three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor of fractured 387rock masses using geometric data of fractures and the results of the Lugeon-water test6 Nakaya & M Nishigaki

Behaviour of visco-plastic fluids in narrow joints with non-parallel surfaces - Investigations 393of a rock grouting processA H Zettler, R Poisel & G Stadler

A non-REV approach and network analysis for groundwater flow and grouting in jointed rock 399H-KMoon &K-CLee

VIII

A 3D direct shear device for testing the mechanical behaviour and the hydraulic conductivity 407of rock jointsM Boulon

Hydrojacking and hydrofracturing tests in a fissile schist in south-west Switzerland: In-situ 415stress characterisation in difficult rockKEvans & P.Meier

Process of crack growth from a reservoir formed along a joint by injection of fluid 423for extraction of geothermal heatHAbe, KHayashi & T.Yamamoto

Modelling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of fractured rocks application 429for underground waste disposalKSu, MGhoreychi & J.-YRenou

A new three-dimensional analysis of hysteretic thermohydromechanical deformation 437of fractured rock mass with dilatancy in fracturesV.Guvanasen & T.Chan

Experience with hydraulic fracturing stress measuring technique in jointed volcanic rocks 443of North-West Himalaya, IndiaS. Sengupta, A Shridhar Chavan, D. Joseph &N.M Raju

Fracture skin effects in groundwater transport 449J.M.Sharp, Jr, NLRobinson, RCSmyth-Boulton &KLMilliken

Testing

Acoustic and ion emission from rocks during sonic loading 457L D. Reed, P. Kolman, M F. Leach, G A Rubin & S. Chen

State of damage in dry and wet deformed sandstone by laboratory study of acoustic emissions 463EC Wagner, A Zang & G Dresen

On the relationship between acoustic emission parameters and strength properties of rocks 469VL Shkuratnik & VS Yamshchikov

Triaxial stress cyclic loading of sandstones 473Z Rambousky & L Sosnovec

Dynamic loading test of an opening in a sub-scale jointed rock mass 477P.£Senseny, S£Blouin, D£Chitty, J. KGran &G.RGreenfield, MAGroethe &J.GTrulio

Laboratory investigation of rock joint dynamic behavior 483•S M Hsiung, A Ghosh, A H Chowdhury & M P.Ahola

Development and field application of joint deformeter and high-accuracy extensometer 489A Tamai & M. Kosugi

Measurement of stress distribution around fault and considerations 495Y.Obara, HKChang, KSugawara & KSakaguchi

Effects of preceding shear history on shear-flow coupling properties of rock joints 501T.Esaki, KNakahara, YJiang & Y.Mitani

IX

The shearing mechanism during translation 507R. 0. Roko &J.J.K Daemen

Characterisation of surface roughness and its implications on the shear behaviour of joints 515fl Indraratna, A Herath & N.Aziz

Simulation of the trap-door problem in a geotechnical centrifuge 521HGRAllersma

Fractals

The use of fractal geometry in a joint shear model 529JP.Seidel &CM Haberfield

Fractal and geostatistical analysis of rock joint roughness before and after shear tests 535SSabbadini, EHomand-Etienne & T.Belem

Reconstruction and visualization of 3D fracture network using random fractal generators 543YZhang, YP.Chugh & A Kumar

Numerical modeling

The 3D Monte-Carlo simulation of rigid blocks around a tunnel 551J. Jakubowski & A Tajdus

Numerical modelling of the interaction of rock support with faulted layered rock in coal strata 557under high convergenceW Muller

Non-representative volume element modeling of equivalent jointed rock mass properties 563WGPariseau

A comparative study on various approaches to model discontinuous rock mass as equivalent 569continuumO.Aydan, T.Seiki, G-CJeong & T.Akagi

Numerical modelling and interpretation of results derived from testing filled joints 575GBarla, MBorri-Brunetto & F.Lanaro

Behavioural analysis of discontinuous rock using finite element method 581A Fahimifar

Slope stability

Analyses of slopes in jointed weak rock masses using distinct element method 5 89SCHsu&P.P.Nelson

Buckling failure phenomena and their analysis 595P.Froldi & P.Lunardi

Studies on toppling failure mechanism of slope in discontinuous rockmass 605Y. Jiang, T.Esaki, MNagatomi & T.Okada

Analysis of fracture and deformation processes during flexural toppling in foliated rock 611slopesDP.Adhikary, AV.Dyskin &R.J.Jewell

Analysis of complex rotational and translational failure mechanisms in jointed rock slopes 617L Mongiovi, G Bosco & V.De Gennaro

Stereographic projection wedge stability analyses of rock slopes using joint data 623P.M. Maurenbrecher

Simulating technique of joint network and its application in the stability analysis of rock slope 627HWang&ZYTao

Ultimate bearing capacity of strip surface footing on layered rock mass by numerical 633modelingP.Miscevic & LJasarevic

Underground voussoir rock beams with large deflections 639A / Sofianos, A P. Kapenis &CE Tsoutrelis

Influence of joints on the stability of shallow seated underground structures at Zawarmala 645mineG Ravi & R Dasgupta

Seismic monitoring of a mine collapse 651W.A Lenhardt & C Pascher

Space and time patterns of induced seismicity 657KHolub

The using of seismic method for determining the crack tensors of carbonate rocks from Upper 663Silesia - PolandA Idziak

Moment tensors for seismic events from Upper Silesian coal mines, Poland 667P.Wiejacz

Seismic properties of a general fracture 673£ Liu, J.A Hudson, S. Crampin, W.D. Rizer &J.H Queen

Fractal analysis of mining induced seismicity in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin 679A Idziak & W.M Zuberek

Monitoring of vibrations due to a high energy hydraulic hammer in a tunnel driving: A case 683historyGRorla&AGodio

3D tomographic imaging of mechanical conditions in a deep US gold mine 689M J.Friedel, D.F.Scott, M J. Jackson, T.J.Williams &SM.Killen

Rock dynamics

Dynamic response of a rock mass with a large fluid-filled crack 699K Hayashi, K Niiyama & HAbe

XI

Using dynamic photoelasticity to investigate stress waves interacting with stopes 707A Daehnke, J.A L Napier, R £ Knasmillner &HP. Rossmanith

Reflection and refraction of impulsive elastic waves at a jointed interface 713KWatanabe

Reflection of elastic waves by a gradient inhomogeneous layer 719T.Ohyoshi

Deep penetration into model rock 725£5. Jeng &HHEinstein

The influence of tectonic structures on the stress strain conditions and rock bursts induction 731in the vicinity of a longwall faceP.Konecny

The influence of faults on coal burst hazard in coal seams excavated in its vicinity 737A Tajdus, T. Majcherczyk & M Cala

Engineering evaluation of input parameters for two-dimensional analysis of rockfalls 743A Frasnelli, A Gajo, L Mongiovi & S. Cocco

The research about forecast and prediction of rib and roof fall in underground mine 749CD.Zhou, SYZhang & YKJiang

Numerical simulation of the blasting induced disturbed rock zone using the dynamic lattice 755network modelJ.Song &KKim

Underground openings

Near-face cracking and strength around underground openings 765C D. Martin, R. S. Read &EJ. Dzik

Mechanics of failure around shallow tunnels in jointed rock 771MKaraca, 6. Ay dan, P.Egger & MSezaki

The use of geophysical methods to assess cracked zone properties around mining roadways 777H Marcak

Back analysis of the excavation of a large underground cavern in jointed rock 783T.Ohkami, O.Aydan & Y.Ichikawa

Failure and deformation behavior of rocks around an opening excavated in blocky-jointed 789rock massS.GKwon, DHLee&HKLee

The influence of joints on the stability of large underground openings 795Z M Iofis, A VMaksimov & Yu. M Levkin

Post-failure behaviour of coal pillars 801H. Wagner

Rock engineering evaluation of jointing in South African coal seams and its potential effect 807on coal pillar strengthG & Esterhuizen

XII

Roadheading under geo-mechanically difficult conditions, and measures for strata control 813HWWild

Interaction between the excavation support and jointed rock mass 817Yu. M. Levkin &I.M. Iofis

Stability analysis of constructions in jointed rock mass 823Ch. N. Marangos

Linear arch analysis techniques for the design of underground openings in bedded rock 829formationsR. L Sterling, C R Nelson & L Peterson

Effect of clay seams on the performance of WIPP excavations 835SSaeb, CT.Francke & SJ.Patchet

Improvement of dimension stone exploitation using structural analyses 841O. Del Greco, M. Fornaro & C Oggeri

Modelling of rock excavation by high energy water jet 847LM.Hlavdc & T.Sochor

A laboratory study of hard rock disintegration by high-pressure-water-through bit 853L Sitek, J. Vasek & M. Vala

Support in jointed discontinuous rock and its protection against corrosion 859Yu.LKirillov, S.Ya.Laschenov & V.VRukin

Rock bolting

Cable bolting in poor rock conditions 867T.Virtanen

Contribution of fully bonded rock bolts to the shear strength of joints - Analytical 873and experimental evaluationE Pellet, P. Egger &AM. Ferrero

A new approach to the prediction of rock anchor capacity 879CMHaberfield, J.P.Seidel & S.Raycan

Strata bolting systems and their effects on strata movement and loosening presented 885by physical modellingMWiirtele

The bolting mechanism of rockbolts 891XLuo

Case studies

Control and monitoring of the deformation behavior of the jointed rock mass surrounding 899the planned Konrad nuclear waste repository in the FRGJ.Gerardi, DMeister, HSchnier & DStiihrenberg

Design and behavior of the Los Angeles Metro during seismic events 905T.P. Smirnoff, MA Elioff, J. £ Monsees &J.L Merritt

XIII

Tunneling through the Hollywood Fault Zone for the Los Angeles Metro 913T.P.Smirnoff, MA Elioff& J. £ Monsees

Site investigations and prediction on engineering geological conditions of the La Sirena 921Hydroelectric Project, NicaraguaL Mcersk Hansen

A case study of sub-level retreat mining at Detour Lake Mine using BSM models 927fiWang, YS.Yu& S.Vongpaisal

Shear displacement-induced pore collapse compaction: A mechanism of reservoir 933compactionDW.Rhett, LWTeufel, F.Ramstad, &GHLanda

Geological history and mining seismicity in Upper Silesia (Poland) 939L Teper & G Sagan

Rock mechanics problems related to three arch dams foundated on faulted rocks 945D Stematiu, T.Rugnariu & Al. Constantinescu

Late papers

Technique and results of the rock burst prediction 955N.GTomilin & KAVoinov

Computer simulation of fracture in rocks 961£ £ Damaskinskaya &N.GTomilin

Fractal investigation of size effects on strength of intact and jointed rocks 967P.Guo

Study on the damage model of rock fragmentation by blasting 973J.Yang &S.RWang

Performance of a large scale testing, instrumentation and modelling of an unusual 979rock-concrete problemJ.Adelmar de Mello Franco, M Martins de Matos & J. LArmelin

Loosened rockmass and its relation to geostress 985T.RLi, HCLiu & J.P.Chen

Wave propagation in layered heavily damaged rock mass 991K S. Sultanov &RE Husanov

Model for the transition from micro- to macrofracture 997VSKuksenko

On the origin of nonlocality and locali sation in brittle materials 1001A VDyskin & H-RMuhlhaus

Modeling hydro-mechanical behavior in a fractured rock mass with a discrete fracture 1007network modelS.Ezzedine&D.Bruel

Assessment/remediation of DNAPL contaminated sites 1013S H Djafari &G.R Hecox

XIV

Modelling propagation of shearing mechanism in jointed rocks submitted to forced fluid 1019injectionsDBruel

Analysis of strength and prevention of possible failures in structural elements of mining 1027systems at the stage of designing and renovating salt mines in RussiafiAKrainev, Yu.D.Semenov, ASShneider, D.AAkhtyamov &LERoguslavski

The role of geomaterial interface degradation on the mechanics of a fracture 1031AP.S Selvadurai

Geomechanical and geophysical monitoring as basis for creating the physical model 1039F.Rldha & J.Zdk

Author index 1047

XV