Procedure for RI

8/12/2019 Procedure for RI

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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITEDPAGE NO.- 1OF 9

DATE:-03.11.2007

MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATIONREV.NO.- 0

PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAP! TESTINGPROCEDURE NO.-

LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#

CONTENTS

1. SCOPE

2. REFERENCE

3. PERSONNEL

$. IDENTIFICATION OF FILM

%. EQUIPMENT"MATERIAL

. TECNIQUE

7. IQI

'. LOCATION MARER

#. GEOMETRIC UNSARPNESS

10. BAC SCATTER RADIATION

11. EPOSURE

12. DENSIT!

13. DAR ROOM

1$. FILM PROCESSING

1%. QUALIT! OF RADIOGRAPS

1. EVALUATION

17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

1'. DOCUMENTS

1#. SAFET!

L & T *ACOBS


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1.0 SCOPE:

This procedure describes are method & techniques of radiographic examination of

butt welds ofpiping construction work of M! "p gradation #ro$ect% O'( #anipat))

2.0 REFERENCE:

2.1 *M+ +') , *rticle - 2 . /on destructi0e Testing - adiographic

+xamination)

2.2 */ 31)3 4For acceptance tandard5. 'ode for #rocessing #iping)

2.3 */T ecommended practice6 /T.T'.1*.#ersonnel qualification and

certification in /on destructi0e testing)

2.$ * pecification /o).77777.8.231

3.0 PERSONNEL:

*ll radiograph acti0ities shall be carried out b *' certified personnel onl)

adiograph shall be e0aluated b certified */T:/T le0el personnel)

'ertificate of O : site.in.charge% adiographers shall be submitted)

$.0 IDENTIFICATION OF FILM :

+ach radiograph shall ha0e permanent identification to establish its precise

location to $ob at least ;mm awa from the weld edge) dentification shall ha0e

minimum following requirement)

$.1 #ro$ect dentification no)

$.2 (ine no)

$.3 ate

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*n additional information shall be added as required)

%.0 EQUIPMENT"MATERIAL:

%.1 O"'+ ridium.192:?amma ra source as per requirement will be used)

efer Table.1

%.2 FILM

%.2.1 *TM '(. or '(. film ma be used depending upon sensiti0it requirement as

per table below) *ll films to be used for radiograph shall be in good condition

and within the period of expir date% marked on each indi0idual carton b

manufacturer)

Tpe of ource and Film to be used for adiograph6 Table.

8all

Thickness 4T5

in mm

Material hop 8elded A or

+qui0alent

?amma.ra

4riduim 1925

*?F* >A or

+qui0alent

B @ T C 19 'arbon teel

=.ra

:?amm.ra

4ridium 1925

*?F* >A:>;

or +qui0alent

=.ra :?amm.

ra 4ridium

1925

*?F* >; or

+qui0alent

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C B

' materials

other than

177E T

?amma.ra

4ridium 1925

*?F* >D or

+qui0alent

?amma.ra

4ridium 1925

*?F*

>D:>2 or

+qui0alent

.2 t shall be ensured that the required sensiti0it is achie0ed using the abo0e films)

f the required sensiti0it is not achie0ed consistentl% fine grain films 4high

contrast5% shall be used) 4low speed films5

.3 * film o0erlap of 27mm on either side of the film shall be pro0ided to

demonstrate the continuit of the welds) The minimum width of the film shall be

3% howe0er for elliptical 4>8>5 image ;xD film shall be used)

%.3 LEAD INTENSIF!ING SCREEN

(ead intensifing screen of thickness 7)12;mm front screen and 7)2;mm back

screen are recommended for use) creen shall be free from scratch marks and

wrinkles) creen showing e0idence of phsical damage shall be discarded).0 TECNIQUE

*n one of the following technique shall be used depend upon siGe% geometr &

accessibilit) n general% attempt shall be made to do single wall technique)

.1 SINGLE +ALL

.1.1 ingle wall image)

This technique is mainl used for pipes% where the source can be safel placed

inside)

.2 ingle wall panoramic)

ingle exposure% co0ering the whole circumference of the ob$ect) This technique

is mainl used for higher diameter pipes% where the source can be safel placed

inside) * minimum of three !s shall be placed 127 deg apart)

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.2 DOUBLE +ALL

.1 >ouble wall single image

This technique is used where single wall technique is not practical) * minimum

three exposures b placing source at 127 deg) nter0al at outer surface% close to

the weld) F> is approximatel equal to the diameter of the pipe) Two !s shall

be placed on the film side% on both ends of the film% where0er possible)

.3 DOUBLE +ALL DOUBLE IMAGE (E,,/,"45648)

.1 +lliptical

This technique is used where the diameter is 3); and below) Minimum two

exposures at 97 deg) to each other shall be taken for the full co0erage of the weld

circumference)

.2 uperimposed

*s an alternati0e% the weld ma be radiographed with radiation beam positioned

so that the images of both walls are superimposed) 8hen complete co0erage is

required% a minimum of three exposures at 127 deg) apart shall be made for each

$oint)

7.0 IQI

7.1 8ire tpe *TM:>/ pentameter of Hole tpe pentameter shall be used)

The ! material selection shall be according to tandard practice + 172; or

+ADA% as applicable as shall be radiographcall similar to the material being

radiographed) The thickness on which the ! is based shall be the nominal singlewall thickness plus the maximum permitted reinforcement thickness as per

referencing code section) The designated hole ! or essential wire shall be as

specified in table T.2AI) *lternati0el ! design as per T.233)2 ma be

permitted)

#(*'+M+/T OF !

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! shall be placed on source side) 8here accessibilit pre0ents hand placing !

on source side% it shall be placed on film side with lead letter JF on the ! or

ad$acent to it) Howe0er% ! identification shall not mask the area of interest

including H*K)

7.3 #O'+>"+ >+MO/T*TO/6

>emonstration of the densit and ! image requirement shall be considered

satisfactor e0idence of compliance with this procedure)

>uring establishing radiographic procedure% source side pentameters to be used)

7.$ /"M+ OF !

1 +ach radiograph ha0e at least one !s)

.2 8hen a $oint is radiographed b panoramic 0iew in one exposure% b placing

source at the centre% the entire circumference can be radiographed b placing at least three !s

kept at 127L apart)

'.0 LOCATION MARER:

(ead letters shall be used as location marker) (ocation marker shall appear as

radiograph image and shall not be at the area interest) (ocation marker shall be

kept on the $ob itself) #lacement of location marker 4film:source side5 shall be as

per *rticle of *M+ ec),)

#.0 GEOMETRIC UNSARPNESS(U9):

9)1 The source to film distance shall be maintained in such a manner that the

geometric un sharpness does not exceed the specified limits) ?eometric

"nsharpness 4"g5 is determined b the formula "gFd:> where) F6 ource siGe in mm 4Maximum pro$ected dimension of radiation source or

>iagonal distance for rectangular shape5

>6 >istance in mm from source to weld or ob$ect to be radiographed 4source side

surface5

d6 >istance in mm from source side of the weld or ob$ect being radiographed to

L & T *ACOBS


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the film 4Material thickness5)

10.0 BAC SCATTER RADIATION:

* lead letter N of siGe 4min5 & 1:1I thick 4min5 should be attached at the

back of film holder to check back scatter radiation)

11.0 EPOSURE:

The required exposure time shall be calculated from exposure chart or slide rules)

+xposure calculations ma also be used if charts and rules are not a0ailable

12.0 DENSIT!:

For =.ra% adiograph densit permissible range would be 1)B to D)7 H & >)

For ?amma ra% adiograph densit permissible range would be 2)7 to D)7 H&>

The densit 0ariation o0er the area of interest shall be with minus 1;E or plus

37E of the densit measured near the required wire or o0er the T+# HO(+ tpe

!) f the shim is used under the ! densit 0ariation ma exceed more than

37E

13.0 DAR ROOM

13.1 shall be located at an en0ironment free from% dust% fume% excessi0e heat and

radiation) afe lights be checked to pre0ent fogging of films)

2 "nexposed films would be kept in 0ertical position to pre0ent pressure mark)

1$.0 FILM PROCESSING :

Film processing shall be done in air conditioned dark room)

Manual film processing shall be carried out as per the guide lines of +.9D% Film

processing chemicals shall be procured from reputed manufacturer and shall not

be used after expir date) The solutions shall be prepared as per Manufactures

recommendation) The film shall be de0eloped at 27L ' and in accordance with the

Manufactures recommendation)

1%.0 QUALIT! OF RADIOGRAPS:

L & T *ACOBS


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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITEDPAGE NO.- BOF 9

DATE:-03.11.2007



LT"MSQ"P" RT "00#

The films submitted for e0aluation shall be free from blemishes to the extent that

the do not mask with image of an discontinuit in the area of interest of the

sub$ect being radiographed) uch blemishes include% but are not limited to6

i) Fogging

ii) #rocessing defects such as streaks% watermarks% chemical stains%

iii) cratches% finger marks% crimps% dirtiness% static marks% smudges

i0) False indications due to defecti0e screens

1.0 EVALUATION:

!ualified T (e0el personnel meeting the requirements of /T.T'.* of

*/T and authoriGed Too nspector shall e0aluate the radiographs) *fter re0iew

b Too% radiographs shall be offered to +( for their re0iew and acceptance)

17.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:

*cceptance criteria shall be s per *M+ )31)3 Table 3D1)3)2 and applicable

specifications)

1'.0 DOCUMENTS:

eports shall be maintained in Formats /o)LT"MSQ"PIPE"RGM"013 &

LT"MSQ"PIPE"RGI"01$and cop shall be forwarded to #M' on dail basis)

*ll documents required b statutor bodies are to be maintained and kept at site)

1#.0 SAFET!:

1#.1 #recautions shall be taken as per H+ requirement of the #ro$ect as well *'

requirements

1#.2 adiograph source shall be stored in a pit in an exclusi0e storage room with lock

and ke arrangement) This pit shall be appro0ed b *') ource transfer

certificate% #it room appro0al certificate form *' shall be furnished to #M')

1#.3 >uring radiograph the following precaution shall be taken)

1#.3.1 'ordoning of area

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3.2 >ispla of radiation smbols)

3.3 >ispla of red lights)

3.$ adiations le0el check b >osimeter : adiation sur0e meter)

1#.$ #ermit for carring out radiograph% as applicable shall be obtained)

1#.% adiographers shall wear film badges appro0ed b *')

L & T *ACOBS

Procedure for RI

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