Privatisation of extension service providers

8/14/2019 Privatisation of extension service providers

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OOD MORNING


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EXTENSION SERVICEEXTENSION SERVICE

PROVIDERSPROVIDERS

PUBLIC EXTENSION SERVICE

PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICE


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Ministry of agriculture GOI SAUs Department of agriculture Development departments

PUBLIC EXTENSION SERVICEPUBLIC EXTENSION SERVICE

PROVIDERSPROVIDERS


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Private corporate firms farmers associations NGOs Media organisations

PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICEPRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICE

PROVIDERSPROVIDERS


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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION

LINE DEPARTMENTS 80,800 village extension workers, 78,000-Department of Agriculture Presently there are 1,10,000 extension staff

of whom around 20% are graduates(ICAR,1998)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAGOVERNMENT OF INDIA


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The universities perform three majorfunctions namely teaching, research andextension.

The major extension role of the university is

to provide technical support andconsultancy service to governmentdepartments (training) engaged inagricultural development work and tofarmers in special cases.

The responsibility of planning andcoordinating all extension activities of theuniversity lies with Directorate ofExtension.

SAUsSAUs


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From farmers point of view, the directorates

may not be of immediate benefit tofarmers except for those residing nearly ornear to it or nearby district of its location.

The chances ofconstant interaction are also

low because of the few technicalmanpower in the directorates and thelarge population to be covered in theiroperational area.


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Technology transfer for socio-economictransformation of rural area

Safe guarding national food grain production Concentrating on environmental issues

Sustainable agriculture Soil and water conservation measures

Empahasizing INM ,IPM

Human resources development in agriculture

ROLE OF PUBLICROLE OF PUBLICEXTENSIONEXTENSION


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CONTI..

Gender issues:

Empowerment of farm women

Training programs for women

TOT for women cultivars

Training for present and prospective farmers Providing advice for off season employment

to rural poor farmers Co-ordinating efforts of different

developmental departments for ruraldevelopment


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PRIVATEPRIVATEEXTENSIONEXTENSION

SERVICESERVICE

PROVIDERSPROVIDERS


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Their own research, extension, marketingand promotion wings.

Extension activities is also supported byproviding credit, subsidies and inputs.

They have their own farm magazines in locallanguages and also training centres.

some commodity boards also introducedcharging system for extension services likesoil analysis, farm visits, training andpublications.

PRIVATE CORPORATE FIRMSPRIVATE CORPORATE FIRMS


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Pesticide sellers

Seed producers Fertilizer companies,etc

INPUT SUPPLIERSINPUT SUPPLIERS


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Many of the agro-input companies performs some extensionfunctions.

one function is marketing. marketing officers are the one who also oversee the extensionrelated functions.

Input companies spend considerable amount on advertisement,mainly to boost the sale of their products through bill boards,

wall paintings, leaflets and media advertisements, fewdemonstrations.

Some companies also sponsor the cost of some extensionactivities of line departments such as agricultural seminars

But in high value crops such as flowers, there are input firmswhich provide total extension support to their growers. Thisincludes advise from site selection to technological guidancethroughout the growing period and advise on marketing

Some fertilizer companies arrange soil testing facilities


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Around 15,000 - 20,000 NGOs in India - ruraldevelopment.

Wide variations in the densities of NGOs is

observed Annual NGO revenue from abroad is around Rs.9billion

In Rajasthan on pilot basis, few AAO circles arehanded over to NGOs to carry out extensionwork.

NGOsNGOs


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starting points for the development of producers cooperatives.

The need for initiating farmers associations in crops has been

well recognised

NGOs to organise farmers into groups.

The idea is to encourage farmers groups to organise different

types of services for themselves, including input supply, creditand or technical services and marketing arrangements

activities that would increase their productivity and incomes,

while decreasing their dependence on government (ICAR, 1998).

FARMERS ASSOCIATIONSFARMERS ASSOCIATIONS


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AIR & Doordarshan: - -Now a days many private TV channels are telecasting

agricultural programmes considering the cost effectiveness( / ),cost farmer time at which they can reach many farmers at a

,time and the effectiveness of the media efforts are needed

to harness this potential

Media print: Organised attempts to use print media for extension

.work in DOA and Universities- , , ,books magazines leaflets newspapers

MEDIA ORGANISATIONSMEDIA ORGANISATIONS


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Farm advisory services for profitmaximization of clients

Timely inputs supply for better production Providing market informations Processing the clients produce Marketing the clients produce Providing credit facilities for the farmers

Providing infrastructure facilities Eg:transport,storage,etc

ROLE OF PRIVATEROLE OF PRIVATEEXTENSIONEXTENSION


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supply driven .rather than demand driven Commercialization of agriculture gave rise to specialized

client and demand for location specific .extension services

Public extension deals with a ,large area large population.and diverse cropping pattern

Extension services provided are general in nature rather.than specific and intensive

, ,High cost low impact of extension programmes growing

,conflicts between farmer s interest and policy goals poormotivation of staff and conflicting roles are observed in

ome of the problems in publicome of the problems in public:xtension system observed are:xtension system observed are


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Insufficient face to face contact between.extension worker and farmer .Inadequate funds for operational purpose .Inadequate technical qualifications of VLW

.Incomplete extension services Inadequate internal organization structure Inefficiency of extension personnel Inappropriateness or irrelevance of extension

.content

.Dilution of impact

Conti..Conti..

Some observations of privateSome observations of private


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Private extension reduces the economic burden of governments Netherlands

Increases the efficiency of extension services provided upto the satisfaction offarmers

Privatisation increases the competency of the research system Extensioncontract system in China

Government can ensure quality extension services by technically competentextension agents through legislation certification in Germany

Government can privatize extension while concentrating more on importantareas Tunisia

Government can have maximum control over private extension activities Chile

Some observations of privateSome observations of privateextension scenarioextension scenarioworldwide :worldwide :


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PRIVATISATIONPRIVATISATIONOFOF

EXTENSIONEXTENSIONSERVICESSERVICES


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The act of reducing the role of Governmentor increasing the role of private sector inany activity or in the ownership of assets.

Savas,1987

PRIVATISATION??PRIVATISATION??


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Is private extension andIs private extension andprivatisation the same??privatisation the same??


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INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONALEXPERIENCESEXPERIENCES&&ITS RELEVANCE INITS RELEVANCE ININDIAN CONTEXTINDIAN CONTEXT


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Broad experiences can be considered tostrengthen the extension services fordesigning an alternate and viable model tosuite to our conditions.


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Largest experience with fee for serviceextension activity in the world,havingintroduced fee based advisory service.

Interviews revealed that it was an unhappy

experience Implementation of cost recovery policy-

major restructuring;major role for fieldstaff!

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA


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ADAS operated under a wide range ofcommercial operations.

Promotes direct payment by users withoutprivatization of extension services

Novelty approach-charging for certainservices a time cost basis..previouslyoffered free!

UNITED KINGDOMUNITED KINGDOM


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The agricultural and advisory service(ADAS)charge fee for services of direct benefit tothe clients,but not for the services whichspread benefits across society,such as

those relating to soil conservation

BRITAINBRITAIN


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While the Government pays salary,thefarmers circle pays the operational fees(as50:50 cost sharing agreement)

NORWAYNORWAY


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Is planning to shift at least half the cost ofextension services to farmers groups inirrigated areas.It is emphasising costcutting through privatisation and user of

mass media

MEXICOMEXICO


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The co-operative structure of extension hasdeveloped in two far eastern countries,korea and Taiwan

KOREA & TAIWANKOREA & TAIWAN


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Government provides funds(80%) to privatetechnology transfer consultancy firmswhich comprises of one or two agronomistsand a few agricultural technicians.

CHILECHILE


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Private consultants play an important role inagriculture in the industrialised country

NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND


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Commodity groups fund and control theirown extension agronomists

CANADACANADA


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Extension cost is shared between farmergroups and the government through thechambers of agriculture.

(world bank,1994)

TURKEYTURKEY


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Municipalities pay for all extension servicesout of local tax revenue

COLOMBIACOLOMBIA


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Demarcating the benefits of extensionservices are not helpful

Fee for extension-restrict personal contact -Less effectiveIn developed countries, Extension education is mainly an advisory service


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Privatisation of extension service providers

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