Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry - 2004
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Transcript of Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry - 2004
Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry - 2004
Lecture Date Lecture Topic Reading Problems1 9/9 (Th) Intro; Choice, Uptake, Assembly of Mn+ Ions Ch. 5 Ch. 12 9/14 (Tu) Metalloregulation of Gene Expression Ch. 6 Ch. 23 9/16 (Th) Metallochaperones; Mn+-Folding, X-linking Ch. 7 Ch. 34 9/21 (Tu) Med. Inorg. Chem./MetalloneurochemistryCh. 8 Ch. 45 9/23 (Th) Mössbauer, EPR, IR Spectral FundamentalsCh. 9 Ch. 56 9/28 (Tu) Electron Transfer; Fundamentals Ch. 9 Ch. 67 9/30 (Th) Long-Distance Electron Transfer Ch. 10 Ch. 78 10/5 (Tu) Hydrolytic Enzymes, Zinc, Ni, Co Ch. 109 10/7 (Th) CO and Bioorganometallic Chemistry TBA Ch. 810 10/12 (Tu) Dioxygen Carriers: Hb, Mb, Hc, Hr Ch. 11 Ch. 911 10/14 (Th) O2 Activation, Hydroxylation: MMO, ToMOCh. 11 Ch. 1012 10/19 (Tu) Model Chemistry for O2 Carriers/ActivatorsCh. 12 Ch. 1113 10/21 (Th) Complex Systems: cyt. oxidase; nitrogenase Ch. 12 Ch. 1214 TBA Term Examination
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Magnetic Splitting of Line in 63/65Cu EPR Spectroscopy
The Research Yard at SLAC
Electron Transfer (ET) in Living Systems
PRINCIPLES:
•M-binding sites tailored to minimize structural changes upon ET•One-electron transfer processes preferred•Coupling of H+ with electron transfer controls redox potential•ET can occur over long distances; ~ 11-13 Å is most common•Parameters: distance, driving force, reorganizational energy, path
TOPICS:
•Three major bioinorganic ET units: FenSn clusters; Cu; hemes•Long-distance electron transfer: dependence on distance, driving force, reorganization energy•Electron supply in the methane monooxygenase system
The Major Metal Units in ET Proteins (1)
Iron-SulfurClusters
Properties of Iron-Sulfur Clusters(A) Rubredoxin Fe–S, 2.25 - 2.30 Å in oxidized (FeIII) and reduced (FeII) states Reduction potentials: - 50 to + 50 mV
(B) 2Fe-2S Ferredoxins (Fd)FeII FeII FeII FeIII FeIII FeIII
reduced mixed-valent oxidized
all physiological uses
Reduction potentials: -490 to - 280 mV
(C) 3Fe-4S Ferredoxins (cube missing a corner)
FeIII 3S4 FeIII
2 FeII S4
Reduction potentials: -700 to - 100 mV
Reminder:
o =-RT/nF lnQ + pH,where Q = [Mn]/[Mn-1]
Thus, at pH 7, the biological H2/2H+
standard coupleis - 420 mV.
Properties of Iron-Sulfur Clusters, cont’d
(D) 4Fe-4S Ferredoxins and High-potential Iron Proteins (HiPIPs)
FeII3
FeIII FeII2
FeIII2 FeII FeIII
3
HiPIP
Reduction potentials: -650 to - 280 mV (Fd); + 350 mV (HiPIP)
The three state hypothesis:
Ferredoxin
minimal reorganizational energy
The Physical Properties of Iron-Sulfur Clusters
Primary structure (sequence) does not dictate the tertiary structure of a metalloprotein, as revealed by this 8-iron ferredoxin crystal structure.
Structure of an 8Fe-8S Ferredoxin
The Major Metal Units in ET Proteins (2)
Blue Copper and CuA
Depicted at the right are the three copper sites in the enzyme ascorbate oxidase. Type 1, or blue, copper is the ET center. Below is depicted CuA .
Blue Copper
SCu
SS
Cu
O
NN
NN
HisGlu
Cys
HisMet CysCuA
The Physical Properties of Blue Copper Centers
The deep sky bluecolor of theseproteins facilitated their purification on columns; the opticalband is Cu–S C.T.
Structure of Poplar Plastocyanin
The oxidized, reduced and apo plastocyanin structures are nearly identical.
The copper(II) thiolate center is difficult to model.
EPR Spectra Distinguish the Three Types of Copper Found in Metalloproteins
CuA Model Chemistry: Reversible 1-Electron Transfer
-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.500.00.501.01.5
-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.6 ( ) . E V vs Cp2Fe+/Cp2Fe
Cu Cu
N
N
N N
N N
N N
SCu Cu
SN
N
His
NN
HisCys
Cys
O
S
Me
O
O OCu
O
CuO O
O O
N N
NN
Cu Cu
O O
R
3+
Met
Glu
CuA
+
+
= R Ph3 -C
-Cu Cu ( )dist Å
2.5-2.7
2.448
2.4246(12)
2.4500(15)
These complexes demonstrate that constrained dicopper(I/II) units afford good 1-electron reversible transfer centers and display the possible environments that could be encountered in biology.
LeCloux
Chuan He
The Major Metal Units in ET Proteins (3)
Cytochrome c from tuna showing coordination of the iron porphyrin group by the protein side chains from Met (left) and His (right) residues.
Electronic Properties of Low-Spin Metalloporphyrins
Note again, minimal reorganization energy upon electron transfer
For [Fe(N4-porphyrin)(N-His)(S-Met)]
- e-
low spin ferrous low spin ferric
N
N
N
N
COO-
COO-
Fe
protoporphyrin IX