Prestl BMW NHA

BMW GroupCleanEnergyNHA 2007page 1

BMW CleanEnergy.National Hydrogen Association Conference 2007, San Antonio, Texas.

Steps towards a Breakthrough of Hydrogen Vehicles with LH2 Storage and ICE.Dr. Willibald Prestl

BMW GroupCleanEnergy NHA 2007page 2

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW CleanEnergy.Steps towards a Breakthrough of Hydrogen Vehicles with LH2 Storage and ICE.


BMW CleanEnergy.BMW Hydrogen 7.

BMW takes responsibility.

First BMW H2 vehicle to hand over to users.

First BMW H2 vehicle in serial development process.

The only premium H2 sedan.

Fascinating the pioneers in Politics, Business & Science, Culture & Media and Sports.

Ride & Drive Event with Hydrogen 7


BMW CleanEnergy.Transition Curve to H2.

Transition to H2-Mass Market

Market Penetration

Transition Phase: H2 vehicle incompetition with conventionaland other alternative fuels

Challenges:convincing H2 specific vehicle advantagescomparable vehicle properties to conventional carscost effective solutions for transition phase

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

CO2 & emission freehigh customer valueindustrialized technology


BMW CleanEnergy.H2 Vehicle Concept.

Requirements:flexible, cost effective conversion design with maximum communality

powertrain in same space as conventional powertraindrivetrain of high power density ICE

balanced load distribution, optimized inertia, limited additional weight,safest H2 location:

H2 storage of highest energy density LH2central, structure integrated lightweight tank

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


H2 Vehicle Concept.Vehicle Weight Management.

heaviest conventional

vehicle variant550i

conventional vehicle platform

e.g. 520i

LH2system

structural integration

light weight(storage

aluminum) hybriddownsizing

Benchmark: weight neutral H2 integration

structural integration

gasoline tank

future light weight concepts

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


LH2 Storage System.Light Weight Potential.

~ 220 kg

current seriesstorage system

research storage system

~ 80 kg

next generationsstorage system

~ 130kg

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


H2 storage.Energy density.

volumetric system energy density [kWh/l]

gra

vim

etri

c sy

stem

en

erg

y d

ensi

ty[k

Wh

/kg

]

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

0.5

0.0

3.0

3.5

4.0Potential LH2

Potential CGH2@700bar

next generation LH2 lightweight construction

current

long term

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


LH2 Storage System.Boil Off Energy Loss.

Thermal Performance:significant step in energy loss free time is provenno evaporation lossesfor commuters (8 km / weekday) in daily use and over weekend

Infrequent Driver:LH2 not recommended

100

200

300

[%]

dormancy time

x 3.5

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

“Liquid Hydrogen Vehicle Storage” by Tobias Brunner


LH2 Storage System.Industrialization.

next generations future generationscurrent systems control box

cast part

Example - Systems Control Box:

ModularizationDesign-to-Manufacturing, Design-to-Cost

-75

%

comparable to CGH2@700bar

costs

Cost Development LH2 Storage:BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

welded parts


H2 ICE Powertrain.Internal Combustion Engine.

H2-ICE Properties:high power densitynear zero emission (NZEV)high partial and full load efficiencyrobust, lifetime durabilitycosts like conventional enginesutilization of existing production / maintenance infrastructureflexible to all fuelslow efficiency in idle and under low load

Potentials:increased power densityoptimized effficiency in advanced hybrid powertrain

example Hydrogen 7:191kW, 390Nm, 6.0l V12

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


H2 ICE Powertrain.ICE Potentials.

“Combustion Analysis of a Hydrogen DI-Engine” by Hermann Rottengruber

Specific Power Output [kW/dm3]

Sp

ecif

ic T

orq

ue

[Nm

/dm

3 ]

H2PFI

Charged H2PFI and H2DI

Potential charged H2DIx 3

x 2

Hydrogen 7

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


inherent clean zone

robuststate-of-the-art technologyreliable on-board-diagnostics

NO

x-E

mis

sion

s[p

pm]

Air ratio [l] 5.00.0 2.0 3.0 4.01.0

Suppressed area Lean combustion(without catalytic converter)

Richcombustion(Catalyticconverter)

Stoichiometriccombustion

Catalyticconverter

Rawemissions Emissions

H2 ICE Powertrain.Emissions Strategy.

FTP75

< 1 %

< 10 %

NOxCONMOG

< 1 %

100 % = SULEV II

FTP75

< 1 %

< 10 %

NOxCONMOG

< 1 %

100 % = SULEV II

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


H2 ICE Powertrain.Efficiency Potential ICE Hybrid.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Engine Performance [% of rated power]

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

max

. Eff

icie

ncy

[%]

max. efficiency of H2 combustion engines

45

40

35

30

25

20

45

40

35

30

25

20

max. efficiency el. drive with small fuel cell

max. efficiency of hybrid in combination with a small fuel cell

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


H2 Advanced Powertrain.Consumption Potential ICE Hybrid.

Advanced H2 ICE powertrains:consumption potential of up to 30 % possibleFCEV advantage with up to 15 % (on different performance level)

- 20%

-10%

- 15%

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

H2-ICE

H2-ICE Hybrid

H2-ICEHybrid +

small Fuel CellFCEV

75-100 kW120-150 kW

driving range potential > 500 km (NEDC with 7-9 kg LH2)

BMW EfficientDynamics- 15 to 20% compared to today

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


Today Midterm Longterm

Est

imat

ed S

yste

m C

ost

s

x 2

x 3 - 5

x 2 - 3

75-100 kW fuel cell5 kg CGH2 storage

120 – 150 kW ICE8 kg LH2 storage

H2 System Comparison.Cost Comparison LH2-ICE vs. CGH2-FCEV.

examples for typicalinstallations inmidsize cars

CGH2-FCEV

LH2-ICE

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


BMW CleanEnergy.Summary.

H2 vehicle

LH2 storageH2 ICE hybrid powertrain

convincing H2 advantageshigh customer valuecost effective solution potential for industrialization

practically emission free high power density high fuel efficiencyindustrialized technologyrobustness

high energy densityminimized energy losslight weightcost effective

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain

BMW Hydrogen 7

Future Requirements

H2 Vehicle Concept

Future Potentials

H2 Storage

H2 Powertrain


BMW CleanEnergy.An Initiative of the BMW Group.

BMW CleanEnergy.Thank you for your Attention.

It’s not a Sprint It’s a Marathon.

Prestl BMW NHA

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