Presenter: Mark Barnett AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION, JAMAICA
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Transcript of Presenter: Mark Barnett AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION, JAMAICA
TOPIC:
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________
Presenter: Mark Barnett
AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION,
JAMAICA
Objectives:
• Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA• Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC• Identifies mitigation measures implemented by NWC. • Identifies planning gaps. • Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
________________________________________
Methodology:
• Literature Review• Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports• First Hand Experience
• Meteorological drought A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period
• Hydrological drought departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some average condition at various points in time
Definition of Droughts:
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
________________________________________
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Study Focused Area
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________ Percentage of Normal for 2
Consecutive Months Drought Condition or Status
20% or less Extreme Drought 21% to 40% Severe Drought 41% to 60% Normal Drought Above 60% No Drought
Extreme Drought Severe Drought Normal Drought No Drought
August Clarendon
September Clarendon St. Mary & St. Thomas
October
Portland, St. Mary St. Thomas
November
St. Thomas, Clarendon, St. Mary, KSA and Portland
December St. Thomas
January KSA (New Castle)
February KSA
March ClarendonSt. Mary, St. Thomas & Portland
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Monthly Rainfall Measured in St. Mary
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
Rain Fall
30yr Average 1950-1980
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
Rainfall Measured in Portland
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Rain Fall
30yr Average 1950-1980
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
Rainfall Measured in KSA
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10
Rai
nfa
ll (
mm
)
Rain Fall
30yr Average 1950-1980
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
Rainfall Measured in St. Thomas
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10
Rai
nfal
l (m
m)
Rain Fall
30yr Average 1950-1980
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Wag Water River Blakes Bridge
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
01
-Ja
n-0
8
01
-Fe
b-0
8
03
-Ma
r-0
8
03
-Ap
r-0
8
04
-Ma
y-0
8
04
-Ju
n-0
8
05
-Ju
l-0
8
05
-Au
g-0
8
05
-Se
p-0
8
06
-Oct-
08
06
-No
v-0
8
07
-De
c-0
8
07
-Ja
n-0
9
07
-Fe
b-0
9
10
-Ma
r-0
9
10
-Ap
r-0
9
11
-Ma
y-0
9
11
-Ju
n-0
9
12
-Ju
l-0
9
12
-Au
g-0
9
12
-Se
p-0
9
13
-Oct-
09
13
-No
v-0
9
14
-De
c-0
9
Date
Q [
cu
me
cs
]
Daily Discharge
Average Daily Discharge (1976-2009)
Rainy Season 2009
Rainy Season 2008
Water Resources Authority, 2010
Hope River Gordon Town Daily Discharge
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan-08
Jan-08
Mar-08
Mar-08
Apr-08
May-08
Jun-08
Jul-08
Aug-08
Sep-08
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
Jan-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
Apr-09
May-09
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Date
Q [
cu
mecs]
Daily Discharge
Average Daily Discharge (1955-2009)
Rainy Season 2009
Rainy Season 2008
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Water Resources Authority, 2010
Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Yallahs River/Negro River above NWC Intake (Spot Measurement)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
27
/02
/20
07
27
/03
/20
07
27
/04
/20
07
27
/05
/20
07
27
/06
/20
07
27
/07
/20
07
27
/08
/20
07
27
/09
/20
07
27
/10
/20
07
27
/11
/20
07
27
/12
/20
07
27
/01
/20
08
27
/02
/20
08
27
/03
/20
08
27
/04
/20
08
27
/05
/20
08
27
/06
/20
08
27
/07
/20
08
27
/08
/20
08
27
/09
/20
08
27
/10
/20
08
27
/11
/20
08
27
/12
/20
08
27
/01
/20
09
27
/02
/20
09
27
/03
/20
09
27
/04
/20
09
27
/05
/20
09
27
/06
/20
09
27
/07
/20
09
27
/08
/20
09
27
/09
/20
09
27
/10
/20
09
Date
Q [
cu
me
cs
]
Daily Discharge Yallahs River
Daily Discharge Negro River
Rainy Season 2007 Rainy Season 2008
Rainy Season 2009
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Water Resources Authority, 2010
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD
KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW
Sea View WTP
2.1 MGD
Constant Spring WTP
15 MGD
Hope WTP
5.5 MGD
Mona WTP
13 MGD
Average production: 54.4 MGD
- during dry season : 49.0 MGD
- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD
- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD
- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD
Transfers5.1 MGD
Rural Sources1.5 MGD
Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD
KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW
Sea View WTP
2.1 MGD
Constant Spring WTP
15 MGD
Hope WTP
5.5 MGD
Mona WTP
13 MGD
Average production: 54.4 MGD
- during dry season : 49.0 MGD
- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD
- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD
- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD
Transfers5.1 MGD
Rural Sources1.5 MGD
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
KSA (Mgd)
05
101520253035404550
May
-09
Jun-
09
Jul-0
9
Aug
-09
Sep
-09
Oct
-09
Nov
-09
Dec
-09
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar
-10
Dai
ly P
rod
uctio
n V
olu
me
KSA (Mgd)
KSA (Mgd) 44.73 44.59 41.63 37.1 42.37 42.31 41.32 35.72 34.92 31.7 28.9 30.8
May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
Rate of Change of Storage at Mona and Hermitage
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
Months
Mil
lio
n G
allo
ns
MonaMona CapacityHermittageHermitage Capacity
Net Change in Storage Volumes
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
Months
Net
Mo
nth
ly R
ise/
Fal
l MG
Hermitage
Mona
Cumulative Production Over the Period
KSA Revenue Billed vs Revenue Collected
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
J$M
Billed Revenue 442.8 523.1 499.9 531.8 556 506.7 506.1 479.7 461.3 404.1 357.4
Revenue Collected 455.1 379.5 362.1 377.6 387.7 454.6 445 362.8 546 453.5 302.9
J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
KSA trucking Cost Increase with Drought
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Apr-09 May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10
Mill
ions
J$
Monthly KSA Energy Usage and Cost Nov 2009 - April 2010
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Apr-10 Mar-10 Feb-10 Jan-10 Dec-09 Nov-09
Mil
lio
ns
(K
WH
)
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Mil
lio
ns
J$
KWHCost
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________Commercial Impact
Social Considerations.
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression)
Affect Learning / Disrupt Schools
Reductions in nutrition
Risk to public safety (fires etc)
Increased poverty in general, economic displacement
Temporary population migrations
Loss of aesthetic value within communities
Reduction or modification of recreational activities
Potential for conflicts
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
ORAL REHYDRATION / DIARRHOEAL DISEASE REPORTED
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Other Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6
Rep
ort
ed C
ases
(00
0)
J an - Dec 2008 Cases
J an - Dec 2009 Cases
J an - Mar 2009 Cases
J an - Mar 2010 Cases
Public Health Impact Assessment
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________Institutional
Ministry of Water & Housing
Office of the Prime Minister
Ministry of Mining & Energy
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of
Health
Government of Jamaica
NWCWRAOURNEPA EHU NIC
Operators
Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approval
Parish Auth.
OPM Ministry of Local Gov.
Ministry Finance
and P ublic Service
Office of the Prime Minister
Ministry of Mining & Energy
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of
Health
Government of Jamaica
NWCOURNEPA EHU NIC
Water Distributors Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approving
Auth.
Ministry of Water & Housing
WRA STATINWRA
PIOJ Met Off.
Data Collection, Research and Analysis
ODPEM
OPM Ministry of Local Gov.
Parish Auth.
Key Stakeholders
Key Taskforce Stakeholders
• Reduction in Water Distributing Hours
• Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations)
• Increased Trucking
• Increased Public Education Conservation Campaign
• Prohibition Notice for certain purposes
• Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA
• Re-activation of Wells out of Operation
Mitigating Actions – Short Term
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
• Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB
• Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation Project
• Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210m
• Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry Department.
Mitigating Actions - Long Term
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Recommendations
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Long term water security for all users
Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities
Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk.
Objectives
• Droughts planning must be institutionalized nationally
• Effects of climate change on drought phenomena
• Recognition of wastewater effluent as a resource
• Structured approach to City & Town planning
• Make rain harvesting compulsory (provide incentives)
• Embarked on an active demand management programme
• Maximize the use of ground water resources
• Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona & Hermitage)
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________Recommendations –for Considerations
Conclusions
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
• KSA experienced Meteorological and Hydrological drought.
• No long-term drought mitigation plan exist
• Institutional responsiveness were reactive rather than
proactive.
• Increased public health vulnerability especially in children.
• There were negative socio-cultural impacts
• Public Safety (Person & Property) compromised
• There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.
Conclusions
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
• Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month
• Public education campaign did not resonate with population
• Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement
Thank You for
Your Attention
QUESTIONS?
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________