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BATAN PROGRAMMES ON NUCLEAR DEPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA

Presented in the WS on Advanced Reactors and Small and Medium-sized Reactors (SMRs) For Embarking Countries

Jakarta, 19-22 August 2013

Dr. Ferhat Aziz

Deputy Chairman of BATAN

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INTRODUCTION

General Information• An archipelago with 17,508 islands• 1.9 million square miles total• Fourth most populous country in the world,

237 million people (2010)• 59% of population reside in Java, in a 7%

total area• 400 volcanoes, 100 active, 112 in Java island• Air temperature : 27.6° to 36.8° C (day) and

14.6° to 24.6° C (night)• Humidity: 63% to 83%

• National energy needs will continue to increase along with economic growth, population, living standards, technology and the demands of environmental requirements.

• The tendency of the use of energy types in the future will shift towards technology-based energy than the resource-based energy (fossil fuel), this was felt as a result of depletion of fossil energy supplies after being exploited for so long.

• To meet the energy needs through optimum energy mix, i.e., by utilizing all types of energy without discrimination and not to wait for another type of energy is running low (non-depletion).

• Energy Security and the mitigation of climate change is absolutely necessary for the survival of the nation and state.

• Fossil energy resources remain (as 2010 without extended exploration) - Oil : 21 years- Gas : 61 years- Coal : 80 years

ENERGY CURRENT SITUATION

Coal26.7

Oil 47.2

Gas21.5

Hydro, 2.5

Geotherm

al1.2

Renewabl

e0.9

Energy Mix 2011Oil still dominated with 47.2%

1. Fossil energy still dominated, the resources are limited;

2.Electrification ratio in 2011 still low (72.9%)

3. Utilization of New and Renewable energy not yet optimal;

4. Environment issues:a. Climate change mitigation;b. Carbon trading;c. National commitment on emission

redcution 26% in the year 2020;

5. Financing for energy sector development still limited.

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ENERGY POLICY• The Presidential Decree No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 and the share of nuclear energy is about 2% of primary energy or 4% of electricity (4000 MWe).• The first two units of NPP is expected to be operated before 2020 as stated in Act No. 17 year 2007 on National Long Term Development Planning 2005-2025.• The Energy Law No. 30 of August 2007 creates a National Energy Council (NEC) chaired by the President with the authority to design and formulate energy policy on behalf of the GOI. The policy then must be endorsed by Parliament.

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Oil< 20 %

Gas >30 %

Coal >33 %

New & Renewable Resources >17 %

Biofuel > 5 %

Geothermal > 5 %

Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind And biomass >5 %

Liquefied Coal >2 %

Target of National Energy Mix 2025

YEAR 2005Oil : 54.76%

Natural Gas : 22.24%

Coal : 16.77%

Hydro : 3.72%

Geothermal : 2.48%

YEAR 2025

PRESIDENT DECREE 5/2006

DRAFT OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYBy NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL

2030

2010 2025

2050

Oil Gas

CoalNew & Renewable

25%

22%30%

23%

22%

23%30%

25%20%

24%25%

31%

49%

22%24%

5%

ELECTRICITY DEMAND PROJECTION

DESCRIPTION UNITYEAR

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

High Scenario TWh 148 245 397 628 933 1680 2710

Low Scenario TWh 148 208 341 511 733 1330 2100

Per capita (high scenario) kWh 620 980 1521 2316 3332 5619 8827

Per capita (low scenario) kWh 620 832 1308 1886 2618 4448 6840

Growth (low scenario)- % 7 7.1 10.4 8.4 7.5 6.1 4.7

Elasticity 1.06 0.89 1.30 1.05 1.00 0.9 0.7

GENERATION CAPACITY

GW 35 58 92 145 203 340 550

GW 35 49 79 115 159 270 430

AVERAGE UTILISATION-

Hours 4722 4731 4791 4805 5065 5435 5420

Hours 4722 4754 4834 4977 5157 5468 5470

High Scenario

Low Scenario

High Scenario

Low Scenario

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INFRASTRUCTURES FOR NPP

• Self assessment of 19 NPP infrastructures readiness finished in October 2009.

• IAEA INIR mission for phase 1 conducted in November, 2009

• Result of the INIR mission shows that Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone approach.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME & NPP PROJECT

Source: IAEA NG-G-3.1, 2007

PR 5/2006 Law 17/2007

NPP Dev .

Current Status

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SITE STUDY

Muria Site: Has been evaluated (1991-1996),

Now: monitoring of meteorology and microseismic

Banten Site: Under preliminary study

Bangka Sites: Feasibility study

(2011-2013)

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

• Establishment of Center for Education and Training.

• Establishment of Polytechnic of Nuclear Technology

• IAEA Technical Cooperations• Bilateral program• Education program in foreign countries• International and National Scholarship

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National Team for Nuclear Power HRDConsists of some members from various institutes:

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Ministry of Research and Technology

Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration

National Nuclear Energy Agency

National Nuclear Regulatory Body

State Owned Electricity Company

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PROSPECT OF NATIONAL INDUSTRY PARTICIPATION

• Civil part and Civil Construction of NPP

• Some components of Balance of Plant (condenser, inner and outer casing of turbine and generator, electrical components)

• Radioactive waste management

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RESULT OF NATIONAL PARTICIPATION STUDIES

BY YEAR NPP TYPELEVEL OF NATIONAL PARTICIPATION (%)

Unit 1&2 Unit 3&4 Unit 5&6 Unit 7&8 Unit 9&10

NewJec 1994 PWR 25 30 35 60 Optimum

MHI-WH 1996 AP600 31 60 - -

GE 1996 ABWR 26,1 31,4 37,5 60 Optimum

KEPCO 1997 KSNP1000 25 40 60 -

UGM 2004 OPR1000 25 - - - -

KHNP 2006 OPR1000 20 50 70

BATAN 2010 1000 MWe 30 40 80

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Made in Indonesia

PT Siemens Indonesia, Cilegon

Supplied for Olkiluoto 3 (1600 Mwe)

Value Added of NPP

GDP/kap(USD)

Indonesia Rep. Korea

1980 500 1,600

2005 1,300 17,500

2012 3,600 22,600

(world bank, dengan pembulatan)

“nuclear industry became an integral part of South Korea development, changed the country from importer country to be export-oriented country, and became also igniter of technology inovation, accelerator of development, of infrastructure and education”. (IAEA, 2009).

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PUBLIC OPINION POLLING NATION WIDE

NATIONAL Java-Bali Island BABEL Island

AGRE

E

DIS

AGRE

E

DO

NO

T KN

OW

AGRE

E

DIS

AGRE

E

DO

NO

T KN

OW

AGRE

E

DIS

AGRE

E

DO

NO

T KN

OW

NASIONAL JAWA-MADURA-BALI BANGKA BELITUNG

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 0 0

59.7

25.5

14.8

3531.6 33.4

49.5

35.5

15

41.645.7

12.7

44.649.6

5.8

BEFORE FUKUSHIMA

AFTER FUKUSHIMA

Polling Result (end of 2012)

AgreeDon’t agree

Don’t know

Challenges for NPP Role in Indonesia

Public perception Political climate/Democratic

condition International confidence Financing

Thank You for Your Kind Attention