Presented by: Civil Engineering Academy...must be used where their ends bear against soil. The...
Transcript of Presented by: Civil Engineering Academy...must be used where their ends bear against soil. The...
Presented by: Civil Engineering Academy
Footings Presented by: Civil Engineering Academy
Due to high forces carried by columns, footings must be used where their ends bear against soil. The bearing stress is decreased by increasing the bearing area. Most material for footings has been covered in the Soil Mechanics Module (CERM Ch. 36, 38).
This lecture will cover much of Ch. 55 of the CERM
dealing with the structural portion of footings.
Review: A column can have a uniform bearing
pressure from a column load. It can also have a
moment placed on it making it an eccentrically
loaded with the result of a non-uniform bearing
pressure.
For the column loaded as shown, what is the
appropriate bearing stress distribution?
P=120 kips
M=30 k-ft
a)
b)
c)
d)
Footings are designed in two steps: ◦ 1) Selecting the footing area.
◦ 2) Selecting the footing thickness and
reinforcement.
Footing area is chosen so that the soil contact
pressure is within limits.
Thickness and reinforcement is chosen to
keep shear and bending stresses within limits.
For the general case of a footing with L and B,
carrying a service load, Ps, and a service
moment, Ms, the service soil pressure is:
For a wall footing, the factored load per unit
length is:
Basically 1.2D + 1.6L
The critical shear happens at a depth d (top
of footing to center of reinforcement).
Φ = 0.85 or 0.75 per ACI 318 App. C or
Ch. 9.
Vc = shear stress of concrete, Vc=2 𝑓′𝑐
qu = ultimate load
t = thickness of column
B = width of footing
The main steel (in x direction) resists flexure and is perpendicular to the wall face. Orthogonal steel (in and out of page, z) runs parallel to the wall and is placed in contact with the main steel. The total thickness of the wall footing is:
The depth and thickness is controlled by
shear.
You can have either one way or two way
shear but the majority of cases is two-way
shear.
Two-way failure happens with punching. The
area of punching is given by the following
equation:
Breadth questions dealing with structural
footing design will most likely be theory
based.
Depth questions will go into computations
and calculations of actually calculating the
size and reinforcement needed for the
foundations.
Footing problems!
Next topic: Retaining Walls!