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Presentation: The evolution of autonomous mine site solutions: How to prepare, how to advance and what

the future holds

David Haukeness, Product Manager, Komatsu AHS Center of Excellence

2© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Future of MiningThe Road to Autonomy: Technology, Preparation, and Operational Excellence

David Haukeness,Product Manager, Autonomous

AHS Center of ExcellenceKomatsu

3© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

How are autonomous technologies evolving in mining?

• Where are we today?

• Degrees of Autonomy

• Getting to Full Automation

• Standards Based Interoperability

• Standards Based Communications

4© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Komatsu Autonomous – History

Start

2008Commercial deployment

(Australia / Iron Ore)

20071st commercial deployment

(Chile / copper ore)

2005FrontRunner field

validation (Chile / copper

ore)

2016Commercial deployment (North

America / Oil Sands)2018

2 Billion tons of material

moved

1980

1st computer based Mine

Optimization System –

DISPATCH® released

1990First AHS testing began

in Japan

19981st Development field trial

of AHS - FrontRunner

2019 2020

Growing Market Leadership2 New Tier 1 customers,

sites scheduled to be

deployed by end of 2019

►

5© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Komatsu Autonomous – Current

200+Total Autonomous Trucks Currently in Operation

50

135

24

830E

930E

980E

• 2.3+ Billion Tons Moved

• Zero System-Related Injuries or Accidents

• 12 Years of Commercial Operations

6© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Manual Operation

Operator manages all

aspects of machine

operation, making decisions

based on empirical

observation

Assistive Automation

Some operational decisions

are automatic, and operator

is provided feedback to

improve efficiency of task

execution

FMS, HP-GNSS Guidance,

Equipment Health

Partial Automation

Limited functions are

controlled by system with

operator able to resume

control

Safety interventions,

limited autonomous functions

Conditional Automation

Automation of core functions,

operator required to intercede

as needed or for complex

functions

Auto drill w/manual tramming,

autonomous slot dozing

High Automation

Ability to execute core

functions and intervention

only required for complex

functions

Autonomous Haulage

Full Automation

All functions automated and

performance exceeds

manual. Upload Mine plan to

equipment, execution of mine

plan happens autonomously

Degrees of Autonomy

YESTERDAY TOMORROWTODAY

7© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

High Automation

Ability to execute core

functions and intervention

only required for complex

functions

Full Automation

All functions automated and

performance exceeds

manual. Upload Mine plan to

equipment, execution of mine

plan happens autonomously

Getting to Full Automation

Key Drivers:• Cost profile of manpower

• Employee turnover

• Infrastructure requirements

• Operating expenses

• Productivity

• Safety incidents

Key Enablers:• New technologies (leverage from other industries, e.g.

automotive)

• Machine Learning (AI)

• New personnel skills acquisition

• Conducive regulatory and political environment

• Standards-based interoperability and infrastructure

8© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Standards Based Interoperability

Enterprise

Fleet Management

Supervisory System for Autonomy

Field Computer

OEM Machine Controller(s)

OEM Machine

Proposed interoperability “connection point” within the mine automation technology stack:

Centralized

Management

In-Field

Technology

Wireless communications (802.11, LTE, etc.)OEM A

OEM B

Situational

awareness here?

…or situational

awareness here?

Interoperability

required here

ISO 23725: FMS <-> AHS interoperability

9© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Standards Based Communications and Infrastructure

LTE Specification Based

OEM Required Modems,

Servers, and Storage

Shared Wi-Fi Modem*

Shared LTE Modem*

Server Specification Based

Storage Specification Based

Shared LTE Modem**

Expanded LTE Bands

AHT Managed Networking

New Modems/Routers

Shared Application Platform*

Full NAT Support

Host Platform for Applications**

Customer Selected Modems

Shared Wi-Fi Modem**

5G Networks

* Amongst Komatsu products

** Including for 3rd party applications

10© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What does the mine need to do to prepare?

• Begin with Foundation

• Determine Readiness

• Deploy Autonomous Successfully

• Technology, Mindset, Culture

NEEDS REVIEW

11© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Autonomous Driving SystemHaul trucks receive operational instruction sets and the

position/trajectories of other units, and execute safely. Autonomous Driver

Mine Plan

Supervisory SystemTruck status & location, safety, weather, GNSS conditions, and

other communications are monitored. Navigation commands

are issued to trucks for an optimized haulage system.

Fleet ManagementMine layout and production requirements loaded into fleet

management system. Loading tool, crusher demand, and

truck location and status are generated.

Mine PlanMining progression and development is designed to

optimize extraction

Fleet Management

Supervisory System

Today’s Flagship High Automation: Autonomous Haulage

12© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Determine Readiness NEEDS REVIEW

Cultural Factors

Safety focus,

motivation, drive for

success

Relationship Factors

Trust, transparency,

mutually aligned

objectives

Business Factors

Commercial tipping

point, application

feasibility

Success requires support and commitment to

change management

13© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Deploying Autonomous Successfully NEEDS REVIEW

BUSINESS

INQUIRYDISCOVERY

FEASIBILITY

STUDYPROPOSAL CONTRACT DEPLOYMENT SUPPORT

NDAContract Signed

Commissioned/Tier 1

On-Site Support

• Receive customer

inquiry

• Collecting

information

• Consideration for

inquiry

• Explanation

/negotiation

• Preparing NDA

format

• First screening

• Mine site survey

• Productivity simulation

• Optimal Fleet

Recommendation (OFR)

• Delivery schedule

planning

• AHS training price

quotation

• KAC Std/AHS price

quotation

• Terms & conditions

• KAC trucks delivery

schedule planning

• MMS component

delivery schedule

planning

• Planning

• Installation

• Training

• Commissioning User

Acceptance Testing

(UAT)

• 24/7 support

• Study site-specific

operation

14© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

How does the mine achieve operational excellence?

• Performance Assurance

• Continuous Improvement Cycles

• Team Communication Channels

• Cross-Functional Teams

• Staying Ahead of “Break-Fix”

NEEDS REVIEW

15© 2019 Komatsu Ltd. and/or one or more of its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Komatsu Performance Assurance Program

Recommendation to

the sites through

operational analysis

MINE PLANNING Proposing mine plans best suited for FrontRunner operation

PRODUCTION MONITORING Recommendations to the sites through operational analysis

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTContinuous Improvement activity tailoring FrontRunner operations for specific

customer requirements

OPTIMIZATION Improving the operation through the analysis of FrontRunner operational logs

BEST PRACTICE Ongoing Training/Operation support to the FrontRunner operators to best

optimize the FrontRunner operation