Definition Of Motivation

Motivation:

The act or process of stimulating to action,

providing an incentive or motive, especially for an

act.

Motivation:

The word motivation has been derived from the word ‘motive’ which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts man into action. The core of management –by Rensis Likert.Motivation is important function which every manger performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment of objectives of the organization.Higher motivation leads to job satisfaction of the workers which can reduce absenteeism, turnover, and labour unrest.Motivation will foster team spirit among the workers and increase their loyalty to the work group.

Significance of motivationWorkers will tend to be efficient

as possible by improving upon their

skills and knowledge.The rate of labour turnover and

absenteeism among the workers

will be low.There will be good human relations

in organization.The number of complaints and

grievances will come down.There will be increase in quantity

and quality of products.

Motivational cycle

Instrumental

Goal

Relie

fNeed, Drive

Needs, Incentives and MotivesNeed tension search behaviour performance reward

need satisfaction

The need has to be activated which is the function of incentives.Incentives is something which tends to incite towards some goal.A need mean some internal state that makes certain outcomes attractive.Incentives means an outward stimuli for the motive to work.when a motive is present in a person, it becomes active when there is some incentives.

Theories of Motivation

Needs theories• Maslow’s hierarchy

of needs• Herzberg’s two

factor theory

Process theories• Expectancy Theory

• Goal Setting Theory

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Self -

Actualization

Esteem needs

Belongingness & love needs

Safety needs

Physiological needs:

Physiological needsHunger, thirst etc.,

Safety needsTo feel secure & safe, out of danger

Belongingness & love needsAffiliate with others, be accepted & belong

Esteem needsTo achieve, be component, gain approval and

belongSelf-actualization needs

Self fulfillment & realize one’s potential

Self

Esteem

Social

Safety

Physiological

If we fulfill our needs at one level, then we can focus on satisfying the need on the next higher

level

Dissatisfactionand

demotivation

Not dissatisfiedbut

not motivated

Positivesatisfaction

and motivation

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors

•Company policies

•Quality of supervision

•Relations with others

•Personal life

•Rate of pay

•Job security

•Working conditions

•Achievement

•Career advancement

•Personal growth

•Job interest

•Recognition

•Responsibility

Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction

Satisfaction Dissatisfaction

Traditional view

Satisfaction No satisfaction

Herzberg's view

No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction

Hygiene Factors

Motivators

Needs Theories

Maslow Herzberg

Hygiene

Motivators

Factors

Social

Safety

Physiological

Self-Actualisation

Esteem

Maslow Model Vs Herzberg Model

Basis Maslow Herzberg

Hierarchy of needs

Sequential arrangement

No hierarchical arrangement

Nature Prescriptive model

Descriptive model

Central theme Unsatisfied need energize behaviour, cause performance

Gratified need causes performance

Motivational factor

Unsatisfied need-motivator

Higher order needs-motivator

Applicability 1.Takes a general view of the motivational problem of all the workers2.Lower level

1.Takes a micro view & deals with work motivational oriented problems .2.Higher level

Expectancy Theory(Vroom)

3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence

1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy

2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality

IndividualEffort

IndividualPerformance

PersonalGoals

OrganisationalRewards

1 2

3

How Expectancy Theory Works

Expectancy

Effort - Performance Link

E=0

No matter how much effort

you put in, probably not possible

to memorise the text in 24 hours

Instrumentality

Performance - Rewards Link

I=0

Your tutor does not look

like someone who has £1 million

Valence

Rewards - Personal Goals Link

V=1

There are a lot of wonderful things

you could do with £1 million

Your tutor offers you £1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning.

Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.

Motivation

Direction

PersistenceIntensity

Self motivation

• Do it now• Break up the task into small steps• Don’t wait for mood or inspiration• Start action• Solutions will follow if you try

Motivational strategies

Find new skills Develop & train them Get feedback on their performance Expand their ability to work Rotate their work

Motivational techniquesLeads them

Real examples are quicker than advice

Way to influencing people

Appeal to benefitsCan motivate

Mutual benefits to both of you

Appeal to emotionsPeople act quickly to emotions

Positive manner

Sustained by repeated inputs

Appeal to needs & wantsbasic needs satisfaction

Creative expression, recognition & challenges & love

Appeal to expertiseAbilities enhance his self-worth

Put best effort to seek approval

Begin with the end in mindWhat are your talents?

What is your ultimate career goal?

What can you achieve in 2 years?

What are your personal goals?

Thank you By:-Tanu Jaswal