RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Computer Science and Engineering

“RELATIVE STUDY ON ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM”

Presented By:

Sushmita Agnal (1RG12CS091)

Under the guidance of : Mrs. Manjula R Asst. Prof., Dept. of CSERGIT, Bangalore

Technical seminaron

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction What is Android? What is OHA? Android Architecture Android Versions Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion References

INTRODUCTION

Android is the world’s most popular Operating System for Mobile devices and Tablets.

Android was found in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White.

Planed to develop OS for digital camera but diverted towards developing OS for Smart Phones.

On July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 Million, whose key employees including Rubin, Miner, Nick and Chris stayed at the company after the acquisition.

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance which is a consortium of technological companies including Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Sony, Samsung unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.

WHAT IS ANDROID ?

Android is a Software used in hand held devices which acts as an intermediate between user and the device hardware.

Android is a open source software platform and is Linux based. Google release the Android code under the open source Apache License.

WHAT IS OHA ?

The open handset alliance(OHA) is a business alliance of firm to develop open standard for mobile devices.

Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services.

OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standards for mobile devices.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE The software stack is split into Four Layers:

The application layer

The application framework

The libraries and runtime

The kernel

Contd….

THE LINUX KERNEL The architecture is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel.

Handled by the hardware developers.

Provides functionalities such as power , memory , device management and security.

It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.

LIBRARIESLibraries are written in C/C++, handled by

programmers.

These libraries cannot be accessed directly.

With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries.

ANDROID RUNTIMEThe Android Runtime system was designed specifically for Android.

It has two key components, 1. Dalvik virtual machine. 2. Core libraries.

Dalvik is virtual machine in Google's android operating system.

It is the software that runs the apps on android devices.

It is a kind of JVM.

Makes use of core features of Linux.

Contd…. Set of core libraries mainly the java libraries.

Enables Android application developers to write code for apps using Java.

The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, I/O, and tools that are expected to be used.

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK It is the toolkit that all the applications use.

Provides higher level services or API’s.

Activity manager: --Application lifecycle and common navigation stack.

Window manager: --Manages top-level window’s look and behaviour.

Contd….Views system: --lists , grids , text boxes , buttons etc.

Content providers: --inter-application data sharing.

Package manager: --manages application package.

Telephony manager: --state of telephony services.

Location manager: --access to system location services.

APPLICATION LAYER Consists of Home applications such as SMS app,

Dialer, Web browser and contact manager.

Apps present in this layer works with the end user with help of application framework to operate.

ANDROID VERSIONSAndroid 1.0 [Apple Pie]Android 1.1 [Banana Bread]Android 1.5 [Cup Cake] Android 1.6 [Donut]Android 2.0 [Éclair]Android 2.2 [Froyo]Android 2.3 [Ginger Bread]Android 3.0 [Honey Comb]Android 4.0 [Ice Cream Sandwich]Android 4.1 [Jelly Bean]Android 4.4 [Kit Kat]Android 5.0 [LolliPop]Android 6.0 [MarshMallow]

Android 1.0 [Apple Pie] Release date September 2008. Linux Kernel 2.6. API level 1. Google apps, Gmail &

Youtube. Widgets.

Android 1.1 [Banana bread]

Release date February 9, 2009. API level 2. Resolved the bugs. Most functions remained

same.

Android 1.5 [CupCake] Release date- April 30, 2009.Linux kernel 2.6.27 and API level 3.Video recording.Videos can be uploaded to Youtube and photos to Picasa.Auto-rotation. Copy-and-Paste.

Android 1.6 [Donut]

Release date-September 15, 2009Linux Kernel 2.6.29 and API 4.Quicker search box. Camera, Camcorder, Gallery are all now accessible together.Power control widget and Battery usage indicator.

Android 2.0 [Éclair]Release date-October 26, 2009. API level 5.Google Maps Navigation.Support for multiple accounts.On-screen buttons to answer and end call.Camera gains more features.

Android 2.2 [Froyo]

Release date-May 20, 2010.API level 8.Native hotspot feature.Install or move to SD card from internal storage.App update automatically and Twitter app.

Android 2.3 [GingerBread]Release date- December 6, 2010.Linux kernel 2..6.35 , API level 9.Copy-and-Paste with arrows.Near field communication.Google books.

Android 3.0 [HoneyComb]

Release date-February 22, 2011.API level 11.Designed for Tablets only.Fragments API.Status bar is moved to the bottom.Recent apps.

Android 4.0 [IceCream Sandwich]

Release date-October 19, 2011.API level 14.All navigation is brought on-screen and Can create folders.Option to respond to an incoming call by text message.Books and movies in the Android market.

Android 4.1 [jelly Bean]Release date-July 9, 2012.API level 16.Notifications are expanded.Google play services and Daydream debuts.Project Butter and Lock-Screen widgets.

Android 4.4 [Kitkat]Release date-October 31, 2013.API level 19.Google now launcher.Menu transparencies.Google drives becomes a default app.

Android 5.0 [LolliPop]

Release date-November 12, 2014.API level 21.Material design.Android TV launches.Notifications popup as a banner and Smart lock.

Android 6.0 [MarshMallow]

Release date- October 5, 2015.

API level 23.

Fingerprint.

Manage volumes more intuitively.

Swipe left to access voice controls.

Backup in your apps.

ADVANTAGES

Android is open source.

Multitasking.

Availability of apps.

Supports multiple languages.

Additional hardware support.

DISADVANTAGES

Need of internet connection.

Making source code available invites the attention of hackers.

Many applications of Android contain virus.

Consumes more battery.

APPLICATIONS

OHA is sets many number of open standars.

Multiple applications, running simultaneously.

User may switch between running applications. Background services.

Copy and paste.

CONCLUSIONAndroid is truly open, free development platform based

on Linux and open source.

Android is open to all: industry, developers and users.

Participating in many of the successful open source projects.

Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.

Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet.

REFERENCES Reddy, Nikhilesh, JinseongJeon, J. Vaughan, Todd Millstein, and J. Foster,Application-centric security policies on unmodified Android., UCLA Computer Science Department, Tech. Rep 110017 ,2011,1-9.

Ravish H. Thakor, Smartphones and android internals,San Diego State University,San Diego State University ,MSCS ,2013.

NetworksShaifali Gupta, RashiGarg, Nikita Jain, VinayakNaik ,Android Phone Based Appraisal of App Behavior on Cell,2013, 1-6.

www.android.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.google.com

THANK YOU