Why Safety is Important

• Minimize risks to passengers, the public, staff and contractors

• Meet customers and stakeholders expectations

• Business continuity and sustainable development

• Enhanced control

• Improved working environment

• Establish a responsible image within the marketplace

Continual improvement by adopting Plan-Do-

Check-Act model

Proactive measures of performance that

monitor conformance with the programmes

and effectiveness of control measures

Risk Management - support safety-decision

making and prioritize resources to manage all

safety risks according to the risk levels

through the “hazard identification” and “risk

assessment” processes

A recognizable safety management system

standard with certification (Occupational

Health & Safety Assessment Series 18001)

Compliance

Reactive measures of performance that

monitor industrial accidents

Qualitative risk assessment for job

hazard analysis

Factories & Industrial Undertakings

(Safety Management) Regulations

governed by Labour Dept.

Current Practices Towards a Systematic Approach

1 The Needs for a More Systematic Approach to

Manage Safety

General Practices Safety Management System

Detect faults Minimize errors

Reactive Monitoring Proactive Monitoring

Fire fighting & Systematic approach

legal compliance and continual improvement

Safety Management Practices

3

Observations

1) Safety Management System (SMS) - SMS shall be established to demonstrate sound safety

performance by controlling safety risks

2) Safety Policy

- The scope should demonstrate to secure

commitment and continual improvement in

achieving a high level of safety performance.

3) Risk Management - Risk Matrix should be established in risk evaluation (i.e. risk

ranking in R1 – R4 as a result of combination of the “likelihood”

of an occurrence of a hazardous event and the “consequence” of

injury that can be caused by the event) such that all safety risks

can be assessed

Observations

4) Accident Investigation

- Incident organization, including roles and responsibilities

and reporting system needs to be more clearly

defined to manage major accidents

- Data base for root causes analysis needs to be

established and further refined

- Lesson learnt after the result of investigation

should be incorporated into training materials

and shared with frontline

5) Safety Training

- Managerial and supervisory staff should receive training on

safety management to enhance their safety awareness

• Safety Management System

• Accident Investigation (human factors and root causes analysis)

• Safety Auditing

Observations

6) Performance Monitoring and Measurement

- Consideration should be given to establish proactive KPIs

7) Follow-up Action (Safety Committees, Accident

Investigations & Safety Audits/Safety Inspections) - Outstanding log should be in place, including responsible

parties, actions to be taken, timeframe etc. to demonstrate all

follow-up actions are properly closed-out

Observations

8) Industrial Accident Investigation - Adequacy and suitability of recommended actions

need to be reviewed before implementation

- Job Hazard Analysis and local procedures/work

instructions should be reviewed after occurrence

of the accidents

- Lesson learnt after the result of investigation

should be shared with frontline

9) Safety Inspection - Effectiveness of follow-up actions arising from industrial

accidents should be checked during scheduled safety inspection

- Lesson learnt after the result of safety inspection should be

shared with frontline

Safety Management System - OHSAS 18001

Standard

Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)

• First published in 1999 and revised in 2007

• OHSAS 18001 now refers to itself as a standard, not a specification, or document, as in the earlier edition

• It provides a comprehensive framework to improve the overall safety performance

• Designed to be applicable to all types and sizes of companies

• Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Approach

• Auditable management system and accreditation by certification bodies

• Compatible with ISO 9001 QMS and ISO 14001 EMS

Safety

Management

System - OHSAS

18001 Model Safety & Health Policy

Continual improvement

Implementation (Do)

and Operation • Resources, roles, responsibility,

accountability and authority

• Competence, training and awareness

• Communication, participation and

consultation

• Documentation

• Control of documents

• Operational control

• Emergency preparedness and

response

Planning (Plan) • Hazard identification, risk

assessment and determining

controls

• Legal and other requirements

• Objectives & programme(s)

Checking (Check &

Act) • Performance measurement and

monitoring

• Evaluation of compliance • Incidents investigation, nonconformity, corrective action

and preventive action

• Control of records

• Internal audit

Management Review • Internal audit results,

objectives, legal compliance

• Results of participation and consultation

• Communications (e.g. complaints)

• Incident Investigations, corrective

and preventive actions

• Safety performance

What Should We do to Improve Safety

Performance

• Start from the Heart

• Think with Head

(Say what you do)

• Walk the talk

(Do what you say)

A Systematic Approach to Safety Requires the

Refinement of the Following Elements

SMS (based on OHSAS

18001) Safety Policy

KPIs and Programmes

Risk Management

Incident Management

Safety Management

Training Documentation

Audit and Management

Review

Safety Management System - OHSAS

18001:2007 Requirements

OH&S Policy (clause 4.2) • demonstrate the formal commitment to prevention of injury

and ill health and continual improvement in OH&S management

and performance; • demonstrate the formal commitment to at least comply with

applicable legal and other requirements; • provide the framework for setting and reviewing

OH&S objectives; • communicate to all staff; • available to interested parties; and • review the OH&S policy periodically to ensure that it

remains relevant and appropriate to the organization.

OHSAS 18001:2007 Requirements

Hazard identification, risk assessment and

determining controls (clause 4.3.1)

• develop a methodology to identify OH&S hazards

and assess organization’s risks; and

• establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the

ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment and determination

of necessary controls.

Risk Management - Support Safety-decision

Making and Prioritize Resources

Risk cannot be justified save in

extraordinary circumstances

(Intolerable)

Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement gained (Tolerable)

Necessary to maintain assurance

that risk remains at this level (Negligible)

Tolerable only if risk reduction is

impractical or it its cost is grossly

disproportionate to the improvement

gained (Undesirable) Size of risk Cost/Time

in mitigating risk

High Risk

Low Risk

Indices

ALARP Region As Low As Reasonably Practicable

R1

R3

R4

R2

Definitions Risk

3.1 Briefing: Risk Management System Review As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

Principle

Sustained success

Business continuity

High profile position in the

public bus transportation

Reputation

WORLD CLASS ENTERPRISE

To be recognized as a

world leader in

providing quality

transport services on a

commercial basis

GOAL

Social responsibilities

Caring company

Enhance the brand

name

COMMUNITY

Customer-focused

environment

Customer satisfaction

Excellent services

SERVICE QUALITY

Continual improvement in safety

Continual improvement in service quality

STRATEGY

Teaming

People Development

Innovation

PEOPLE

Safety-first culture

Zero accidents

Risk management

(Risk-based approach)

SAFETY