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Transcript of OHSAS 18001 Presentation)
OHSAS 18001Awareness Course
OHSAS 18001Awareness Course
PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF QUALITY CONTROL
AiAimm
Provides an understanding of the requirements of Occupational health & Safety Management System.
Provide an interpretation of OHSAS 18001 standard.
Provide understanding of the requirements of how Hazard & Risk can be identified, assessed controlled and managed.
1Introduction to
Safety and Health
Management
DefinitionsDefinitions
Undesired event giving rise to death,
ill health, injury, damage or other loss.
(OHSAS 18001, 3.1)
Accident
Event that gives rise to an accident or
had the potential to lead to an accident
Incident
NOTE: An incident where No ill health, injury, damage, or
other loss occurs is also referred to as “near-miss”. The
term “Incident” includes “Near-miss”
(OHSAS 18001, 3.6)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Occupational Health & Safety
Conditions and factors that effect the well being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the work place.
(OHSAS 18001,3.14)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Any deviation from work standards, practices, procedures, regulations, management system performance etc. that could either directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness, property damage, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these.
(OHSAS 18001, 3.8)
Non-conformance
DefinitionsDefinitions
Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring
(OHSAS 18001, 3.14)
Risk
DefinitionsDefinitions
Sources of RisksSources of Risks• Products• Materials and their
properties• Work processes and
procedures• Equipment • Personnel• Workplace and location• Natural environment,
climatic conditions• External / interested
parties
$ 5-50$100000?
PropertyDamage and Other Uninsured costs
• Property damage Production stoppages Replacement of equipment Additional labour cost to replace injured personnel
Emergency supplies, cleanup costs Investigation costs Legal procedures and costs Penalties, fines Administrative costs Morale and motivation of workers and new hires
Loss of reputation, goodwill and business opportunities
Costs of Costs of AccidentAccident
Management System
Root Causes
Individual & Occupational
Factors
Immediate Causes
Unsafe Acts and
Conditions
Contacts Accidents
Programs and
Procedures
Checks and
Corrections
Contact Controls
Response &
Mitigation /
Reduction
Causes
Controls
Causes And Control Causes And Control ModelModel
Goals of Risk
Management
Identify all Hazards
& Loss Exposures
Evaluate the Risk
Develop Controls
Implement Controls
Review Adequacyof Controls
OHSAS 18001:1999OHSAS 18001:1999• Sets out requirements for OH&S management
system• Similar to ISO 9001 and 14001• Not industry specific• Describes good management practice but
does not state how procedures and controls are to be operated
• Does not state specific OH&S performance criteria
• Applicable to small or large organizations• Applicable to any industry, organisation or
activities
• Establish an OH&S management system• Implement, maintain and continually
improve an OH&S management system• Assure conformance with its stated OH&S
policy• Demonstrate such conformance to others• Seek certification/registration of its OH&S
management system
OHSAS 18001:1999OHSAS 18001:1999
Interrelation of OHSAS 18001 ClausesHazard IdentificationRisk Assessment
Policy
Objectives
ProgrammesProcedures
MonitoringAudit
Corrective / Preventive Action
Review
Integrated Management
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001}Many Common
Elements
Deming’s Cycle
PLAN
DO
CHECK
ACT
ContinualImprovement
ContinualImprovement
OHS PolicyOHS Policy
PlanningPlanning
OHSAS 18001
Implementation
& Operation
Checking andCorrective Action
ManagementReview
OHSAS 18001 BenefitsOHSAS 18001 BenefitsEnable organization to:
• Establish H&S policy• Identify H&S hazards and
determine risks• Identify priorities and objectives• Establish structure and program• Facilitate planning, control ,
monitoring , corrective action, auditing and review activities.
22Safety and
Health Policy, Legal and Other
Requirements
Top Management Top Management ResponsibilityResponsibility
"There shall be an occupational health and
safety policy authorized by the organization’s top
management,..."
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2)
Policy Linked to Policy Linked to HazardsHazards
The policy shall: …a) be appropriate to
the nature and scale of the organization’s OH&S risks;
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2a)
Other References to Legal Other References to Legal Requirements in OHSAS 18001Requirements in OHSAS 18001
Clause 4.2 OH&S policy
"The policy shall: …
c) include a commitment to at least comply with current applicable OH&S legislation and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes; ..."
Communication of PolicyCommunication of PolicyThe policy shall: ...e) be communicated to all
employees with the intent that employees are made aware of their individual OH&S obligations;
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2e)
Legal and Other Legal and Other RequirementsRequirements
The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure for identifying and accessing the legal and other OH&S requirements that are applicable to it.
The organization shall keep this information up-to-date. It shall communicate relevant information on legal and other requirements to its employees and other relevant interested parties.
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.3.2)
Other References to Legal Other References to Legal Requirements in OHSAS 18001Requirements in OHSAS 18001
Clause 4.3.3 Objectives
"... When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider its legal and other requirements, its OH&S hazards and risks, its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties."
Risk Management Risk Management ProcessProcess
Ass
ess
Ris
ks
Com
mu
nic
ate
an
d C
on
su
lt
Monit
or
an
d R
evie
w
Establish the Context
Identify Risk
Analyze RisksAnalyze Risk
Evaluate RisksEvaluate Risk
Treat Risk
Establish the Context
3Management Control of Hazards
Management Management ResponsibilityResponsibility
• OHSAS 18001 provides a systematic structure for organizations to manage hazards from the planning design stage to operational control stage, and down to emergency response
• Participation and understanding is required from all relevant levels and functions of management
Management should be aware of the process of risk creation and their role in managing it.
Management Management ResponsibilityResponsibility
Types of HazardTypes of Hazard
• Physical• Chemical• Biological• Ergonomics
Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards• Noise• Vibration• Radiation• Temperature• Pressure,Velocity,Hei
ght• Electricity• Physical
characteristics
Explosives Flammable liquids Corrosives Oxidizing materials Toxic, carcinogenic,
substances Gases and air
particulate
Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
Biological wastes (blood, fluids, etc.)
Drugs (antibiotics, marijuana) Viruses, bacteria Parasites, insects Poisonous or diseased plants,
animals
Biological HazardsBiological Hazards
Physical Environmental Psycho-Social
Ergonomic HazardsErgonomic Hazards
Physical• Poor work,task design• Repetitive motion• Prolonged sitting• Poor layout• Poor posture• Improper lifting and handling
Ergonomic HazardsErgonomic Hazards
Environmental• Poor lighting,glare• Poor ventilation• Poor temperature control• Poor humidity control
Ergonomic HazardsErgonomic Hazards
Psycho-social• Work rest cycles• Violence,discrimination• Extraneous stress• Un even work load• Lack of personnel space• Poor inter staff relationships
Ergonomic HazardsErgonomic Hazards
4Hazard
Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk Control
DefinitionDefinition
HAZARDHAZARDSource or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the work place environment, or a combination of these.
Hazard Identification
Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics.
DefinitionDefinition
Risk
– Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring.
– (OHSAS 18001,3.14)
DefinitionDefinition
Analysis of Clause 4.3.1 HIRARC
• The organization must have records of the results of the hazard identification and risk assessment process(es) to demonstrate conformance to the requirements of clause 4.3.1
Methods of Methods of HIRARCHIRARC
Risk Assessment is simply asking:
What can go wrong ???
How bad can it be ???
Can we tolerate it ???
How likely ???
Ideally, HIRARC should be able:• to identify all loss exposures• to foresee all possible events and
their consequences• to assess the risk accurately and
identify significant risks• to develop the most cost-effective
control measures
Methods of Methods of HIRARCHIRARC
Complete and Comprehensive Complete and Comprehensive HIRARCHIRARC
Occupations
Processes
Energy Sources & Substances
Machines & Equipment
Work Area
s
Hazards
Risk Management / Control Principles
The 6 - Step Process
1. Identifythe Hazards
2. Assessthe Risks
3. Analyze Risk Control
Measures
4. MakeControl
Decisions
5. Risk ControlImplementation
6. Superviseand Review
1. Identifythe Hazards
2. Assessthe Risks
3. Analyze Risk Control
Measures
4. MakeControl
Decisions
5. Risk ControlImplementation
6. Superviseand Review
1. IdentifyThe Hazards
2. Assessthe Risks
3. Analyze Risk Control
Measures
4. MakeControl
Decisions
5. Risk ControlImplementation
6. Superviseand Review
Risk Assessment MatrixRisk Assessment Matrix
Severity
Low consequence Very Severe
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 2 4 6 8 10
3 3 6 9 12 15
4 4 8 12 16 20
Hig
h
L
ow
Pro
bab
ilit
y
5 5 10 15 20 25
A Simple Risk A Simple Risk AssessmentAssessment
R = (P) x (S)
R = RiskP = Probability of occurrence /
LikelihoodS = Severity of effect (consequence)
Linked to Clause 4.5.2Linked to Clause 4.5.2Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and
corrective and preventive action
"... these procedures shall require that all proposed corrective and preventive actions shall be reviewed through the risk assessment process prior to implementation. ..."
This requirement essentially requires the organization to manage all changes arising from corrective and preventive actions. The organization may set up different risk assessment processes to assess different categories of change.
Linked to Clause 4.5.2Linked to Clause 4.5.2Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and
corrective and preventive action
Two Approaches to Two Approaches to ControlControl
Implementing operational control
on existing methods and arrangements
Changes to the existing methods and arrangements
Stages of ControlsStages of ControlsP
reven
tive S
tag
e
Corr
ecti
ve
Sta
ge
Con
tact
Sta
ge
Loss M
inim
izati
on
Sta
ge
5 Objectives and Management Programmes
Clause 4.3.3 ObjectivesClause 4.3.3 Objectives
“the organization shall establish and maintain documented occupational health and safety objectives, at each relevant function and level within the organization.
Note:Objectives should be quantified where ever practicable
Contents of Objectives
• S & H performance improvement and risk reduction objectives.
• Technology or facility (Improvement objective)
• Management and System (Improvement objective)
• Fact finding monitoring objective.
The designated responsibility and authority for achievement of the objectives at relevant functions and levels of the organization; and
The means and time-scale by which objectives are to be achieved
The organization shall establish and maintain (an) OH&S management programme(s) for achieving its objectives. This shall include documentation of:
Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Management Program(s)Management Program(s)
The OH & S management program (s) shall be reviewed at regular and planned intervals. Where necessary the OH & S management program (s) shall be amended to address changes to activities, products, services, or operating conditions of the organization
Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Management Program(s)Management Program(s)
6Implementation and Operation
Deming’s Cycle
PLAN
DO
CHECK
ACT
Clause 4.4 Implementation Clause 4.4 Implementation and Operationand Operation
• Structure and responsibilities• Training, awareness and competence• Consultation and communication• Documentation• Document Control• Operational Control• Emergency preparedness and response
4.4.1 Structure and 4.4.1 Structure and responsibilitiesresponsibilities
The roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel who manage, perform and verify activities having an effect on the OH&S risks of the organization’s activities, facilities and processes, shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to
facilitate OH&S management.
Ultimate responsibility for occupational health and safety rests with top management.
The organization shall appoint a member of top management (e.g. in a large organization, a board or executive committee member) with particular responsibility for ensuring that the OH&S management system is properly implemented and performing to requirements in all locations and spheres of operation within the organization.
4.4.1 Structure and 4.4.1 Structure and responsibilitiesresponsibilities
Ensuring that OH&S management system requirements are established, implemented and maintained in accordance with this OHSAS specification;
Ensuring that reports on the performance of the OH&S management system are presented to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of the OH&S management system.
The organization’s management appointee shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for:
4.4.1 Structure and 4.4.1 Structure and responsibilitiesresponsibilities
Clause 4.4.2 Training, Clause 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competenceawareness and competence
"Personnel shall be competent to perform tasks that may impact on OH&S in the workplace. Competence shall be defined in terms of appropriate education, training and/or experience.
The importance of conformance to the OH&S policy and procedures, and to the requirements of the OH&S management system;
It shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that its employees working at each relevant function and level are aware of:
Clause 4.4.2 Training, Clause 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competenceawareness and competence
Clause 4.4.3 Consultation and Clause 4.4.3 Consultation and communicationcommunication
"The organization shall have procedures for ensuring that pertinent OH&S information is communicated to and from employees and other interested parties.
Employee involvement and consultation arrangements shall be documented and interested parties informed.
Clause 4.4.4 Clause 4.4.4 DocumentationDocumentation
NOTE:It is important that documentation is kept to the minimum required for effectiveness and efficiency."
"The organization shall establish and maintain information, in a suitable medium such as paper or electronic form, that: Describes the core elements of the
management system and their interaction; and
Provides direction to related documentation.
Clause 4.4.5 Document and Clause 4.4.5 Document and data controldata control
They can be located; They are periodically reviewed, revised
as necessary and approved for adequacy by authorized personnel;
The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents and data required by this OHSAS specification to ensure that:
Current versions of relevant documents and data are available at all locations where operations essential to the effective functioning of the OH&S system are performed;
Obsolete documents and data are promptly removed from all points of issue and points of use or otherwise assured against unintended use; and
Archival documents and data retained for legal and knowledge preservation purposes or both, are suitably identified."
Clause 4.4.5 Document and Clause 4.4.5 Document and data controldata control
Introduction to Introduction to Document and Data Document and Data ControlControl
In the right place
Right information is available:
At the right time
In the right revision
7 Operational Control and Emergency Preparedness
Clause 4.4.6 Operational Clause 4.4.6 Operational ControlControl
The organization shall identify those operations and activities that are associated with identified risks where control measures need to be applied.
Establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and the objectives;
The organization shall plan these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions by:
Clause 4.4.6 Operational Clause 4.4.6 Operational ControlControl
Stipulating operating criteria in the procedures;
Establishing and maintaining procedures related to the identified OH&S risks of goods, equipment and services purchased and/or used by the organization and communicating relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors;
Clause 4.4.6 Operational Clause 4.4.6 Operational ControlControl
• Establishing and maintaining procedures for the design of workplace, process, installations, machinery, operating procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities, in order to eliminate or reduce OH&S risks at their source
Clause 4.4.6 Operational Clause 4.4.6 Operational ControlControl
Operational ControlOperational Control
PersonnelEquipmentAmbient conditions / operational
environmentMaterialInformation
Provision of appropriate data
Provision of appropriate trained personnel
Provision of documented procedures, instructions and forms describing controls to be applied by reference to the appropriate:
5 Elements of Control5 Elements of Control
PROCESS
EquipmentIdentifiedCorrect TypeCapabilityConditionAvailable
PersonnelIdentified
CompetentTrained
Correct AttributesAvailable
MaterialsIdentified
Correct TypeCorrect Condition
Available
InformationIdentifiedAdequate ContentCorrect EditionCorrect ConditionCommunicatedAvailableAmbient
Conditions(Environment)
Suitable
Emergency PreparednessEmergency Preparedness
Is the last chance you have to minimise the
losses
Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Preparedness and
ResponseResponse
• The organization shall establish and maintain plans and procedures to identify the potential for, and response to ,incidents and emergency situations,and for preventing and mitigating the likely illness and injury that may be associated with them.
• The organization shall review its emergency preparedness and response plans and procedures,in particular after the occurrence of incidents or emergency situations.
• The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.
Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Preparedness and
ResponseResponse
Management Control Of Management Control Of HazardsHazards
• Chemical handling• Compressed Gases• Confined Spaces• Ergonomics• Fire Prevention• Hazards Waste
Disposal• Machine Tools and
Powered Machinery
• Hot Work• Lifting Equipment• Mobile Equipment-
Forklift & Industrial Trucks
• Stairs & Stairways• Ladders• Scaffoldings
Examples of jobs requiring permits are:
1. Hot Work 2. Cold Work3. Electrical Work4. Confined Space Entry5. Excavations & Civil Work6. Vehicle Entry7. Radiography
Permit-to-Work / Subcontractor Working on Site
Permit-to-Work / Subcontractor Working on Site
8Checking,Corrective Action,andManagement Review
OHSAS 18001OHSAS 18001
4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring
4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformance and corrective and preventive action
4.5.3 Records and records measurement
4.5.4 Audit4.6 Management review
4.5.1 Performance 4.5.1 Performance measurement and measurement and
monitoringmonitoring
• Qualitative and Quantitative
• Proactive and Reactive
• Extent OH&S Objectives are met
Proactive Performance Measures
• Compliance with S&H programs
• Operational criteria• Compliance with
legislation & regulatory requirements
4.5.1 Performance 4.5.1 Performance measurement and measurement and
monitoringmonitoring
Reactive Performance Measures
• Accidents• Ill health• Incidents, including
near-misses• Other deficiencies
4.5.1 Performance 4.5.1 Performance measurement and measurement and
monitoringmonitoring
4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and corrective and conformances and corrective and
preventive actionpreventive action
Process
General ImmediateAction
Recording
Investigation
CorrectiveAction
PreventiveActionFollow-up
4.5.3 Records and records 4.5.3 Records and records managementmanagement
Records should be appropriate to:
• the system• the organisation• demonstrate conformance
to the “standard”
Should have procedures for:
• Identification• Maintenance• Disposition
4.5.3 Records and records 4.5.3 Records and records managementmanagement
4.5.4 Audit4.5.4 AuditTo assess performance and adequacy in delivering performance:
• Assess compliance to standard
• Determine if the system is effective in meeting the organisation’s policy and objective
The organization shall establish and maintain an audit program(s) and procedures for periodic OH&S management system audits to be carried out , in order to:a) determine whether or not the OH&S:
1) conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this OHSAS Specification; and
2) has been properly implemented and maintained; and
3) is effective in meeting the organisation’s policy and objectives
contd.. over
Internal Audit Internal Audit ProgrammeProgrammeOHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4OHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4
b) review the results of previous audits c) provide information on the results of audits to management
The audit program, including any schedule, shall be based on the results of risk assessments of the organization’s activities and the results of previous audits. The audit procedures shall cover the scope, frequency, methodologies and competencies, as well as the responsibilities and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.
Internal Audit Internal Audit ProgrammeProgrammeOHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4OHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4
• The topics to be addressed• Who should attend• Responsibilities of individual
participants• Information to be brought to
the review
Consider issues such as:
4.6 4.6 Management Management
ReviewReview
suitability of current OH & S policy setting or updating of OH & S objectives
for continual improvement in the forthcoming period
adequacy of current hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes
current levels of risk and the effectiveness of existing control measures ...
Agenda
4.6 4.6 Management Management
ReviewReview
Company needs to complete at least one management review prior to any certification audit
4.6 4.6 Management Management
ReviewReview
9Certification Audit
Certification ProcessCertification Process
DocumentReview
Pre-Audit(Stage 1)
Certification Audit
(Stage 2)
Certification Certification ApproachApproach
• Pre-Audit (On-site review - required for most clients)– Certification audit preparation & planning
– Determine state of readiness
– Client planning meets standard’s requirements
• Certification Audit (On-site review)– Implementation
– Effectiveness
Objectives of Certification Objectives of Certification AuditAudit
• Confirm complies with “standard”
• Determine management system is based on identified hazards and is appropriate to risk
• Determine management system is designed to achieve and is achieving regulatory compliance and continual improvement
• Confirm organisation comlpiance with own policies and procedures
• Ensure certification body’s reputation and the value of third party certification