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Presentation from March 17, 2006 Dinner Meeting
Transcript of Presentation from March 17, 2006 Dinner Meeting
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Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical SuccessFactors?
by Gerrit Muller Embedded Systems Institute
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
System architects are scarce. If we want to search or educate potential system
architects, then it is useful to know factors that determine the success of system
architects. In this presentation we look at 4 areas: nature, education, environment
and experience. We will make this areas more specific by quantification and illus-
tration.
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaud project. The Gaud projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
17th March 2006status: preliminarydraftversion: 0 Nature
EducationExperiencepatternsskills
Environmentvariationfeedback
stimulating
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Decomposing Contributing Factors
Nature
EducationExperiencepatterns
skills
Environment
variationfeedback
stimulating
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?2 Gerrit Muller
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DTAdecomposition
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Structure of this Presentation
3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?3 Gerrit Muller
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DTAdecompositionContent
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?4 Gerrit Muller
version: 017th March 2006DTAlogoArchitect
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Observed Typical Growth of System Architects
roottechnical
know-how
generalisttechnical
know-how
business,
application insight
process insight
psycho-socialskills
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?5 Gerrit Muller
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MATsystemArchitectGrowth
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From Specialist to Generalist
all-round
sp
ecialist system architect
specialist
rootknow-how
aspect
architect
breadth of
know-how
depthof
know-how
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?6 Gerrit Muller
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MATfromSpecialistToSystemArchitect
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Different Architecting Scopes
architect
product scope
people
scope
technology
only
including
designers(process)
including
individuals(human factors)
including
stakeholders
function product product
line
portfolio
architect
system
architect
product line
architect
portfolioarchitectsolution
context
technology
context
fitting
technical
sound
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?7 Gerrit Muller
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MSarchitectingScope
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?8 Gerrit Muller
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DTAlogoEducation
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Proposed Curriculum for System Architects
ESA
SW
Execution
architecture
SARCH
ESAstakeholders
available
missing
external
architecture school
root
technicalknow-how
generalist
technicalknow-how
business, application insight
process insightpsycho-socialskills
apply theory
in practice
become
all-round
experience the
non-technical aspects
see every human
as an individual
System
design
methods
Bredemeyer
SW architecture
Architectural
reasoning
ESA
systemESA
silicon
ESA
mechatronics
marketing, processand many more
Bredemeyer -Role of the architect
Thomas Gilb - EVO,
requirements eng
mathematicsphysicschemistrymechanicalengineeringcomputerscienceelectronicalengineering
conventionalcurriculums
advanced
SARCH
reliability engineeringQFD and more
legend
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?9 Gerrit Muller
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FARcurriculumSA
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Overview of CAFCR framework
explore
specific details
submethods
framework
integrationvia qualities
reasoning
storyusecaseanalyse
design
detaileddesignanalyse
design
a priori solution know-howmarketvision
safety
performance
+ key drivers+ value chain+ business models+ supplier map
+ stakeholdersand concerns
+ context diagram+ entity relationship
models+ dynamic models
+ use case+ commercial, logistics
decompositions+ mapping technical
functionsand several more
+ constructiondecomposition
+ functionaldecomposition
+ information modeland many more
+ budget+ benchmarking+ performance
analysis+ safety analysisand many more
Customerobjectives Application Functional Conceptual Realization
method outline method visualization
throughput processinglibrary
diagnosticquality
imagequality IQ spec
pixeldepth
CPUbudget
typicalcase
commonconsole
memorylimit
BoM Moore'slaw
purchaseprice
CoO
renderengine
M'
S
M
B
U"
P'
T
U
U' P
profit margin
standard workstation
memory budget
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?10 Gerrit Muller
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AMOoverview
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Connecting System Design to Detailed Design
100
101
106
105
104
103
102
107 mono-disciplinary
multi-
disciplinary
systemsystem
requirements
design
decisions
parts
connectionslines of code
numberof
details
and growing every year....108
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?11 Gerrit Muller
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RATWpyramid
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Organizational Problem: Disconnect
Customerobjectives
Application Functional Conceptual Realisation
H
ow
can
the
productbe
realized
Whatare
the
critica
ldecisions
What does Customer need
in Product and Why?
systemrequirements
design
decisions
parts
connections
lines of code
and growing every year....
gap
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?12 Gerrit Muller
version: 017th March 2006RATWdisconnect
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Architect: Connecting Problem and Technical Solution
Customerobjectives
Application Functional Conceptual Realisation
How can the product be realizedWhat are the critical decisions
What does Customer need
in Product and Why?
100101
106105
104103102
107
system
requirements
design
decisions
parts
connections
lines of code
numberof
details
and growing every year....108
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?13 Gerrit Muller
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RATWbreadthAndDepth
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Major Bottleneck: Mental Dynamic Range
100
101
10
6
105
104
103
102
107
numberof
det ails
str
etch
eng
ineer
stretch
system
architect
stretc
h
senior
engineer
100 10 1
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?14 Gerrit Muller
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RATWmentalDynamicRange
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?15 Gerrit Muller
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DTAlogoNature
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Profile of an Ideal System Architect
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
communica
tion
team
work
docu
mentatio
n
multi-ta
skin
g
flexibl
e,ope
n
auth
byex
pertise
specialis
t
gene
ralis
t
conc
eptu
al
prag
matic
constru
ctive
critica
l
abso
rptio
nkn
hw
creativ
ity
man
uals
kill
proc
essin
sight
politics
insight
improv
ement
completen
ess
sche
dule
monito
rprogres
s
initia
lcost
decis
ionmakin
g
custom
ervalue
sale
sfeature
commercial
insig
ht
coachi
ng
sele
ctio
n
appraisal
motiva
tion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?16 Gerrit Muller
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FPsystemArchitect
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For Comparison: Profile of a Project Leader
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
communica
tion
team
work
docu
mentatio
n
multi-ta
skin
g
flexibl
e,ope
n
auth
byex
pertise
specialis
t
gene
ralis
t
conc
eptu
al
prag
matic
constru
ctive
critica
l
abso
rptio
nkn
hw
creativ
ity
man
uals
kill
proc
essin
sight
politics
insig
ht
improv
ement
completen
ess
sche
dule
monito
rprogres
s
initia
lcost
decis
ionmakin
g
custom
ervalue
sale
sfeature
commercial
insig
ht
coachi
ng
sele
ctio
n
appraisal
motiva
tion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?17 Gerrit Muller
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FPoperationalLeader
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Porject Leader vs System Architect
communication
teamwork
documentation
multi-tasking
flexible, open
auth by expertise
specialist
generalist
conceptual
pragmatic
constructive critical
absorption knhw
creativity
process insight
politics insight
improvement
completeness
schedule
monitor progress
initial cost
decision making
customer value
sales feature
commercial insight
coaching
selection
appraisal
motivation
project leader
system architect
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0interpersonal skills
know-how
reasoning power
processproject man
commercial
human resource man
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?18 Gerrit Muller
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DTAspiderDiagram
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Most Discriminating Characteristics
Generalist
Multi-tasking
Authority by expertise
Constructive critical
Balance between conceptual and pragmatic
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?19 Gerrit Muller
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DTAdiscriminatingCharacteristics
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?20 Gerrit Muller
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DTAlogoExperience
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Example: Trapezoid Pattern
grey level
mapping
Look up tableinvertcontrast / brightness
ou
tpu
t
input
contrast
brightness
gradient field
generation
Gz
Gx
Gy
RF
TETR
wafer stage
movement
vy
t
vx
expose
expose
step
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?21 Gerrit Muller
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DTAtrapezoidPatterns
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From SW input to physical Effect
breakpoints
(x1, y
1)
(xn, y
n)
(x1, y
1)
(x2, y
2)
(x3, y
3) (x4, y4)
..
analog
signal
discrete
samples(1, v
1)
(t, vt)
(2, v2)
.
.
.
V(t)
DAC
mechanical
optical
orphysical
effectcomp
utation
ac
tua
tion
convers
ion
[m/s][mT/m]
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?22 Gerrit Muller
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DTAtrapezoidChain
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Discretization effects
input is discrete
output is discrete
potential problems:
staircase effects
not all values can be reached
impact on frequency domainbroken invariants (surface)
potential benefits:
optimized algoritms (fixed point)
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?23 Gerrit Muller
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DTAtrapezoidDiscretization
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Example of Discretization Problem
x
f(
x)
falsecontour
10 bits pixel value8 bits pixel value
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?24 Gerrit Muller
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MITORfalseContouring
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Example of Generic Smoothing Consideration
discontinuity infirst derivative
smooth
smooth curves prevent artefacts(vibration, image, clipping)
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?25 Gerrit Muller
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DTAtrapezoidContinuity
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Architects Collect a Rich Set of Patterns
environment
legend
system
design pattern
time
process pattern
architects move from:
product to productenvironment to environment
architects experience:
thousands of patternsdesign patterns in systems
process patterns in environments
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?26 Gerrit Muller
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DTAexperience
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?27 Gerrit Muller
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DTAlogoEnvironment
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Simplified Decomposition of the Business
customer
Customer Oriented Process$$material
sales logisticsproduction servicepresales
Product Creation Process
Policy andPlanning Process
People and Technology Management Process
Business
Drivers
Custome
r
Roadmap
Budget,plan
Product
roadmap
Technology,Process
an
dPeopleroadmaps
Budgets
People
Technolog
y
Process
Requirements
andFeedbac
k
Tec
hn
ical
Pro
duc
t
Documen
tatio
n
Productrelate
d
processes
People
Technology
Process
Informatio
n
Order
Product
$$
Support
ProductRequirements
andfeedback
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?28 Gerrit Muller
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PDBprocessDecomposition
O S
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Line Organization Stovepipe
commercial
sales
custo
mersupport
m
arketing
research &
engineering
mechanicalengineering
electricalengineering
softwar
eengineering
goods flow
pu
rchasing
logistics
manufacturing
finance &
administration
human resource
management
CEO
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?29 Gerrit Muller
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DTAlineOrganization
B i O i i S i
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Business Organization Stovepipe
business unit 2product/market oriented
business unit 1product/market oriented
project 1
project 2
project 3
project 4
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?30 Gerrit Muller
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DTAbusinessOrganization
Diff C
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Different Concerns
sales
customersupport
marketing
mechanicalengineering
electricalengineering
softwareengineering
purchasing
logistics
manufacturing
project 1
project 2
project 3
project 4
customer oriented
result driven
short term
competence, skill oriented
synergy, re-use driven
long term
extrovert
introvert
domin
atin
gstov
epipe
or
compl
ementa
ryculture
s?
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?31 Gerrit Muller
version: 017th March 2006DTAmatrixOrganization
P iti i S t A hit ti
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Positioning System Architecting
customer
Customer Oriented Process$$material
sales logisticsproduction servicepresales
Product Creation Process
People and Technology Management Process
Business
Drivers
Custome
r
Roadmap
Budget,pla
n
Product
roadmap
T
echnology,Process
an
dPeopleroadmaps
Budgets
People
Technology
Process
Requiremen
ts
andFeedback
Tec
hn
ical
Pro
duct
Documen
tati
on
Productrelated
processes
People
Technology
Process
Informa tio
n
Order
Product
$$
Support
Pro
ductRequirements
andfeedback
Conte
xt,
Visio
n
Policy andPlanning Process R
ealit
ych
eck
Stake
holder
intera
ctionSystemArchitectureProcess
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?32 Gerrit Muller
version: 017th March 2006SAPprocessSimplified
Wh t C W D t I th E i t?
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What Can We Do to Improve the Environment?
systems engineering as discipline
job rotation
stimulate architect exposurestretch all engineers
cultivate customer & market oriented culture
share and invest in future exploration and vision
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?33 Gerrit Muller
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DTAenvironmentFactors
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3. Nature
2. Education4. Experience
5. Environment
1. Architect
6. Conclusion
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?34 Gerrit Muller
version: 017th March 2006DTAlogoConclusion
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Conclusion
Customerobjectives
Application Functional Conceptual Realisation
Environment :
stimulate job rotation
expose engineers
recognize multi-disciplinary
Experience :
>1000 design patterns
and process patterns
Nature:Foster engineers with
architect potential
Education :
How to educate, stimulate
depth and breadth?
Decomposing the Architect; What are Critical Success Factors?35 Gerrit Muller
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DTAconclusion