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ANA G. MENDEZ UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

TAMPA BAY CAMPUS

PSYCH 321:

PERSONALITY THEORIES

WORKSHOP # 3

PROF. ADRIANA OBERHAUSEN, M. A

Thursday, April 26th, 2012 (6pm – 10pm)

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CLASS # 2 REVIEW OF TOPICS

1. Psychoanalytic Theory

2. Ethical Aspects related to the use of these Theories.

Genetic Aspects that may contribute to our personality.

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PSYCHOANALYTICFREUD, ERIKSON, JUNG

psychoanalytic theoryreconstruct the personality rather than solve immediate problems; focus on the past and analyze the aspects of the unconscious that are manifested in present behavior

psychopathologyThe result of failing to meet some critical developmental task or becoming fixated at some early level of development.

Stages of psychosexual developmentoral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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PSYCHOANALYTICFREUD

COUNSELING TECHNIQUES:

free association

permitting the client to say

whatever come to mind in

order to reveal the

unconscious.

dream analysis

dreams are interpreted

through free association

seeking meaning or

symbols of the unconscious

mind.

Id, Ego, Super Ego

Id = symbolizes the child (instincts)

Ego = The Adult

(realistic thinking)

Super Ego = The Old person

= Wisdom, Perfectionism.

(Internal representative of the traditional values and ideals of society as interpreted by the individual)

contributions of Freud's theory

first systematic theory of personality, framework for exploring a person's history = Assessment, resolving resistance to therapy.

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PSYCHOANALYTICFREUD

Limitations Freud's theoryprolonged training, lengthy period of therapy, not measurable, does not take into account social, cultural, and interpersonal variables, the client must be of average to above average intelligence and Wealthy….. cannot be used in crisis counseling

Clinical terms used today:

CountertransferenceThe therapist’s reaction to toward the client interferes with objectivity, usually a result of a need of the therapist.

Transference: The client’s reaction toward the therapist.

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ADLERIAN THERAPY

Psychosocial base:To learn about one’s attitudes toward life is the main goal by confronting basic mistakes and assumptions. The client holds particular belief’s that may be wrong. Adlerians therapists attempt to replace them with healthier ones.

lifestyle assessmentThe main tool of adlerian theory, questionnaire about the client's family, memories, dreams, and self-concepts, explores birth order and interaction among family

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ADLERIAN THERAPY

Therapist's role in adlerian therapy:

The therapist serves as a guide, the main responsibility is placed on the client and a contract may be developed between clinician and client.

Contribution of Adler's therapy

It initiated a movement toward other humanistic theories, influential on the cognitive-behavioral theories, family therapies and mental health work and those culturally diverse.

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ADLERIAN THERAPY

Limitations of Adler's theory:

Inability to validate concepts, and

an over simplification of complex human functioning.

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END OF REVIEW OF

INFORMATION FROM CLASS # 2

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CLASS # 3

Behavior Theory, Cognitive Theory & Setting where they can be used, plus Practical Use.

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BEHAVIOR THEORY PAVLOV, SKINNER, BANDURA, ELLIS,

ETC. Main goal of behavior theory

1. Identify Irrational Beliefs

2. It is to eliminate negative learned

behavior by using Rational

Beliefs

3. Goals should be specific,

concrete and measurable.

(Treatment Plans Today)

4. There is also a focus on changing

the environment to modify

client’s behaviors.

The role the therapist in behavior therapy:To make the problem clear,

To verbalize the consequences ,

Serves as a model for the client,

Formulates alternate outcomes,

Develops natural Incentives (Reinforcers, Rewards) and Consequences (punishment) to eliminate (Extinguish) an undesirable behavior.

Observe the Environment

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BEHAVIOR THEORY

Techniques that can be used

with behavior theory:

Reinforcement, modeling,

assertiveness training,

combination of behavior

modification and other

theories, behavior plans, etc.

Contributions of behavior theory:

Techniques are based on empirical research,Treatment is based on the assessment of the individual. It is effective on short-term, and has long term positive effects. It can be applied to culturally diverse populations and to individuals with High or very Low Intelligence.

Particularly beneficial with people with Physical, Mental or Developmental Disabilities….. (Because these people depend on their environment for safety)

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BEHAVIOR THEORY

Limitations of behavior theory:success greatly depends upon the ability to control environmental factors, does not address philosophical problems, or past history may not be considered important. It is difficult for teachers and parents to learn and implement methods. They often personalize issues and blame the child.

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BANDURA

Social learning theory

Bandura's theory that

says behavior is

understood by taking

into consideration

social condition under

which learning occurs.

Famous Technique:Systematic desensitization

Clients with extreme

anxiety (agoraphobia, fear

of elevators, crowded

places) with gradual and

progressive anxiety

producing situations

resulting in defusing the

anxiety and improved

socialization, etc.

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FOUNDER OF RET (RATIONAL-EMOTIVE THERAPY)ELLIS

RET (Rational Emotive Therapy).

Later, CBT (cognitive-behavior therapy) evolved out of Ellis’s theory.

The therapist helps identify Irrational Though patterns the client has adopted. “I am overweight” “I am a looser, I am not important”

These irrational thoughts are replaced with Rational ones. “I am of average weigh in comparison to most women” “I am important and I can be a winner”

Psycho-education: The individual then is educated on how our Thinking affects how we Feel or Emote. How we feel affects our Behavior.

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COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY Contributions of CBT:

Counseling is brief.

Practice is emphasized in

consults, helps improve

the client’s ability to

control their destiny,

dialogues helps client to

change behavior, clients

accept responsibility,

particularly good for crisis

situations.

Widely used and preferred by

most Insurances. Medicaid,

HMO’s, etc.

Reason?

It is cost effective $$$.

It is measurable.

It can be short term.

Reduced client dependency on

treatment.

Can be used in all settings,

homes, schools, families, etc.

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LIMITATIONS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

Limitations of CBT:The reason for irrational beliefs is not explored.

Emotional issues are not generally explored. It is future oriented and not too concerned with past. Unlike Psychoanalysis.