«The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.-- Albert Einstein

FRANCISCO AMAYAJUAN SEBASTIÁN HERNÁNDEZDANIEL CUESTASJUAN SEBASTIÁN DURAN

BRYOPHYTES

• Do not have true vascular tissue and are therefore called 'non-vascular plants

• Produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia)

• Do not produce flowers or seeds.

• Can be unisexual or bisexual

• Are gametophyte dominant, meaning that the more prominent, longer-lived plant is the haploid gametophyte.

USES AND CHARACTERISTICS

USE: Today bryophytes hold their place in pharmaceutical industry, as fuel, in horticulture, and are ecologically important too. Their potential as biomonitors to evaluate the quality of atmosphere is well known. Both liverworts and mosses are good indicators of environmental conditions. Certain mosses thrives well in a specific range of pH, thus, their presence can be used as an indicator of soil pH.INTERACTION: Bryophyte mats may provide ideal sites for the germination of vascular plant seeds, Experiments have shown that bryophyte extracts may have positive or negative effects on vascular plant seedlings, The fate of a particular seed depends on both the nature of the seed and that of the bryophyte carpet it finds itself with.

PTEROPHYTES Are seedless, vascular plants

They thrive in tropical areas, but also are known to live in temperature climates.

Its life cycle and reproduction include:

Starting with a spore that turns into a young gametothype, than then releases sperm and eggs then fertilized during haploid stage.

Egg becomes a zygote and and grows in a new sporothype, and then the mature sporophyte releases spores.

REPRODUCTION CYCLE OCCURS IN 2 DIFFERENT METHODS.

HOMOSPOROUS:

Occurs when the sporangium in the sporophyll releases a singletype of spore in a

bisexual plant to fertilize itslef

• HETEROSPOROUS:

Occurs when the megaspores and microspores, which are female and male

gametothypes, are released and the sperm feretilizes the egg.

GYMNOSPERMS

The gymnosperms are a group of seed bearing plants

They include plants such as Coniferms,Ginkgo ,Gnetales and Cycads

Gymnosperes means naked seeds are in contrast with the angiosperms that are ovolues of flowering plants.

There are between 700 and 900 of gymnospems living species.

They were originated during caboniferus peiod

Are woody plants,usually trees, shrubs or sometimes palmeroide biotype. Its flower are simple inconspicuous,almost always anemophilypollination the flower most often arranged in strobili

They mostly on our life have economic uses with these we can also make soap pefumes vanish food and paint.

ANGIOSPERMS

Unlike gymnosperms such as conifers and cycads, angiosperm's seeds are found in a flower.

Angiosperm eggs are fertilized and develop into a seed in an ovary that is usually in a flower. The flowers of angiosperms have male or female reproductive organs.

There are over 250,000 species of angiosperms. Angiosperms are flowering plants. They make up around 80 percent of all the living plant species on Earth.

MORE CHARACTERISTICS…

Angiosperms are able to grow in a variety of habitats as well as habits. They can grow as trees, shrubs and bushes as well as herbs. These plants have diploid (2n) sporophytes. Angiosperms have a distinctive underground root as well as aerial shoot system.

The root system of angiosperms is also very complex. The roots also contain cortex, phloem, xylem and epidermis. They have root hairs that helps in better absorption of water minerals from the soil. Absorption takes place by diffusion and active transport.

USES.

Angiosperms are source of food . wheat rice and maize are our stable food . Pulses and millet which are our food item belong to angiosperms .

Delicious and nutritional fruits such as mango, apple , pear, peaches, melons, banana dates, etc come from angiosperms.

Many useful products, which serve as medicine, are obtained from them .

Wood of angiosperms are used for making sport goods , furniture .

Fiber for making ropes and linen is obtained from many of them such as cotton and jute . Also shelter for some animals.

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics. The taxa joined together in the tree are implied to have descended from a common ancestor.

The evolution of plants has resulted in increasing levels of complexity, from the earliest algal mats, through bryophytes, lycopods, ferns to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms of today. While the groups which appeared earlier continue to thrive, especially in the environments in which they evolved, each new grade of organisation has eventually become more "successful" than its predecessors by most measures.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep14f.htm

www.mcwdn.org/Plants/Angiosperm.htm

www.wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_uses_of_angiosperms#ixzz1IbYZcRxD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree