Present Tensesby Gonzalo Orozco

Present Simple Estructura

afirmativa

I / you / we / they

play

he / she / it plays

negativa

I /you / we / they

DON’T (do +not) play

he / she / it DOESN’T (does +not)

play

interrogativa

DO I / you / we / they

play?

DOES he / she / it play?

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Present Simple Reglas ortográficas

la mayoría de los verbos + s

liveplay

livesplays

acabados en -o, -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x + es

goteachpush

goesteachespushes

acabados en consonante + y + ies

flystudy

fliesstudies

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Present Simple Usos Acciones habituales o rutinas

We never go to the cinema.

Hechos generales o científicos Facebook is a popular website.

Verbos “de estado” Greg wants an iPod.

Horarios y programas Our flight leaves at 11.30.

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Verbos “de estado” Son verbos que nunca se utilizan en forma

continua. Los más frecuentes son:

Verbos que expresan pensamientos y opiniones know, understand, remember, believe, forget, think

(= believe) Sorry Miss, but I don’t understand this exercise.

Verbos que expresan gustos y preferencias like, love, prefer, hate, dislike

She loves classical music.

Verbos que expresan estado o posesión be, have got, own

I’m not very happy today.

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Verbos “de estado” Algunos de estos verbos se pueden usar

con el presente continuo, pero entonces tienen otro significado y expresan una actividad y no un estado.

They have a nice house. Dave is having a shower.

I see what you mean. I’m seeing Helen tonight.

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Present Continuous Estructura afirmativa

1 amv + INGyou / we /

theyare

he / she / it isnegativa

1 am notv + INGyou / we /

theyaren’t

he / she / it isn’t

interrogativa

Am Iv + ING ?Are you / we / they

Is he / she / it

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Present Continuous Reglas ortográficas.

la mayoría de los verbos + ing

paysing

payingsinging

acabados en -ee + ing

hidecome

hidingcoming

acabados en -ieie + ying

dielie

dyinglying

duplican la consonante final

La consonante final se duplica si delante hay una vocal tónica.

forgetstoptravel*

forgettingstoppingtravelling

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Present Continuous Usos

expresar lo que está pasando en el momento en el que se está hablando

Right now, I’m explaining some grammar to you.

expresar acciones prolongadas que están ocurriendo en un presente más amplio

I’m reading a fantastic book called ‘High Fidelity’.

expresar acciones transitorias o temporales No 21 bus usually stops here but today it’s stopping in the

Alameda.

y expresar planes de futuro ya fijados de antemano

I’m meeting my exboyfriend tonight.

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Simple vs. Continuous

Present Simple Present Continuous

Acciones habituales o rutinas

We never go to the cinema.

Hechos generales o científicos

Facebook is a popular website.

Verbos “de estado” Greg wants an iPod.

Horarios y programas Our flight leaves at 7

o’clock.

Acciones ocurriendo ahora Right now, I’m explaining

some grammar to you.

Acciones ocurriendo en un presente más amplio

I’m reading a fantastic book called ‘High Fidelity’.

Acciones temporales No 21 bus usually stops here

but today it’s stopping in the Alameda.

Planes fijados de antemano I’m meeting my exboyfriend

tonight.

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Fin de la Primera Parte

Vamos p’al Workbook.

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Present Perfect Estructura

Emily has bought a lot of new clothes in the sales. They have painted the whole town in blue!

afirmativa

I / you / we / they

have + participio de pasadohe / she / it has

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Present Perfect Estructura

She hasn’t phoned me this morning. I haven’t seen her new dress.

negativa

I / you / we / they

haven’t + participio de pasadohe / she / it hasn’t

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Present Perfect Estructura

Have you been to a fashion show? Has she asked you for help?

interrogativa

Have I / you / we /they

+ participio de pasadoHas he / she / it

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Present Perfect Usos.

1. para hablar de acciones que empezaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente.

Liz has worked as a designer for several years.

I have known Jim since we were kids.

Ojo con la traducción.

A veces se traduce por un Presente Simple.

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Present Perfect Usos.

2. Para referirse a acciones pasadas que tienen un efecto visible en el presente.

He’s finished his homework, so he can go to the party now.

We have moved house recently.

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Present Perfect Usos.

3. Para describir experiencias del pasado, sin especificar exactamente cuándo se produjeron.

I’ve been to a lot of music festivals.

Joanne has never travelled by plane.

Si quieres decir cuándo ocurrieron, tienes que usar el Past Simple.I’ve been to a lot of music festivals. I went to Benicassim last year.

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Recuerda Para hablar de hechos que ya se han

completado, utilizamos been (en lugar de gone) como participio de go.

Kelly has been to the Glastonbury Music Festival. (ha ido y ha vuelto)

Kelly has gone to the Glastonbury Music Festival. (está todavía allí)

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For y Since for y since se utilizan con el present

perfect para especificar la duración de una acción/estado que comenzó en el pasado y aún no ha acabado.

for y since suelen responder a una pregunta

que empiece How long …?

How long have you been here? I have been here for two hours. I have been here since 8 o’clock.

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For y Since for hace hincapié en la duración de una

acción/estado.

Se suele traducir por “durante” o “desde hace”

I have taught English for nearly 25 years.

My family has lived in this castle for centuries.

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For y Since since especifica el momento en que

comenzó dicha acción/estado.

Se suele traducir por “desde” o “desde que”

I’ve been awake since half past four this morning.

Peter has been my best friend since we were nine.

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Recuerda Las frases con for y since llevan el verbo en

present perfect, no en presente simple.

Tengo estas botas desde hace dos años. I have had these boots for two years. I have these boots for two years. I have these boots since two years ago.

Ya era hora, chata. Llevo aquí desde las siete. It’s about time, love. I have been here since seven o’clock. It’s about time, love. I am here since seven o’clock.

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Already y Yet yet siempre se coloca al final de la frase.

Have you seen Tom yet? No, I haven’t seen him yet.

yet se usa en oraciones interrogativas, y se traduce por “ya”

Have you tried snowboarding yet? Has Laura arrived yet?

yet también se usa en oraciones negativas, pero se traduce por “aún” o “todavía”

No, I haven’t tried it yet. No, she hasn’t arrived yet.

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Already y Yet already siempre va entre have y el

participio. She has already left. The match has already started.

already se usa para destacar que una acción ya se ha producido (a menudo, pero no siempre, en contra de lo esperado).

You’ve already done your bed! Although he is quite young he has already made his first

million dollars.

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Recuerda already y yet se pueden usar con otros

tiempos verbales.

I don’t want to talk to her yet, after what she did to me.

They only split up last week and Kirsten is already looking for a new boyfriend.

He told me that he had already finished reading the book.

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