PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS - ITOPF - Home 1 PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS Alex Hunt, Technical...

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03/02/2015 1 PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS Alex Hunt, Technical Team Manager, ITOPF A Successful Response: Effective Implementation of the NOSDCP Mumbai, 29 January 2015 Notforprofit organisation established in 1968 Primarily funded by shipping (via P&I Clubs) Main role: advice on marine spills from ships Based in London but provides a global service INTRODUCTION TO ITOPF

Transcript of PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS - ITOPF - Home 1 PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS Alex Hunt, Technical...

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PREPAREDNESS FOR HNS INCIDENTS

Alex Hunt, Technical Team Manager, ITOPF

A Successful Response: Effective Implementation of the NOSDCP ‐Mumbai, 29 January 2015

• Not‐for‐profit organisation established in 1968

• Primarily funded by shipping (via P&I Clubs)

• Main role: advice on marine spills from ships

• Based in London but provides a global service

INTRODUCTION TO ITOPF

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Maersk LineStenaBulk

• ITOPF MEMBERS: 6,350 tanker owners and bareboat charterers

• 10,950 tankers, barges & OBOs ‐ 340 million GT (>97% world fleet)

• ITOPF ASSOCIATES: Owners of other types of ship (since 1999)

• 721 million GT of non‐tanker shipping (>90% world fleet)

Photo: Stena

ITOPF MEMBERSHIP

Photo: M

aersk

• Single office in London with 32 staff 

• Technical team with 16 responders:

Scientific background & spill experience

On site at >700 spills in 99 countries

• In‐house databases and technical library

ITOPF RESOURCES

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• Role varies depending on the requirements and preparedness

• Provide technical advice to government, responders & victims

• Promote effective response, joint assessments & cooperation

• Monitor spill response & investigate damage to sensitive resources

• Arrange for additional expertise & equipment to be brought on site

SPILL RESPONSE

• 28 cases in 12 months (usual range: 15‐30 per annum)

• 11 tanker incidents & 17 involving other vessel types

• Mainly small‐scale bunker spills – often complex issues

RECENT INCIDENTS ATTENDED

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• 26 HNS incidents attended in 30 years (1984 – 2014)

• 16 tankers & 10 non‐tank vessels (bulk & container)

• Often coincided with an oil spill –> ITOPF mobilisation

• ITOPF role: advice on response, hazards & impacts

HNS INCIDENTS ATTENDED BY ITOPF

• Often requested to advise on contingency plans for government & industry

• ITOPF also helps to test existing plans during oil spill exercises & response drills

• Important lesson:  exercises must be realistic & involve actual roles/responsibilities

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

© ITOPF

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•Main aim of ITOPF:  to promote effective response to marine oil & HNS spills

• Organise & participate in training courses, seminars, workshops & conferences

• Key partners include the IMO, the IMO‐UNEP Regional Seas Centres & IOPC Funds

TRAINING & EDUCATION

© ITOPF

ITOPF INFORMATION SERVICES

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BUSY SHIPPING LANES + FREQUENT STORMS = HIGH RISK

RISK FACTORS FOR SHIPPING INCIDENTS

Data sources: Lloyd’s Intelligence, Journal of Commerce, Allianz Safety & Shipping Review 2014

HNS CARRIAGE BY SEA: GLOBAL TRENDS

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Seaborne chemical trade (no. of movements)

Mo

vemen

tsT

EU

Av. containership capacity (TEU)

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HNS INCIDENTS: ‘HOT SPOTS’

HNS INCIDENTS: CAUSES

Data Source: MEPC/OPRC‐HNS/TG 12/5/6 reviewing 291 HNS incidents worldwide

Weather Conditions

17%

Structural Damage

16%

Collision14%

Grounding14%

Explosion/Fire11%

Loading/ Unloading

6%

Others22%

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HNS INCIDENTS: VESSEL TYPE

General Cargo Ship

Chemical Tanker

ContainerShip

Bulk Carrier

LNG/LPG Tanker

Barge

Ro-Ro Ferry

Unknown/Other

Data Source: MEPC/OPRC‐HNS/TG 12/5/6 reviewing 291 HNS incidents worldwide

IEVOLI SUN (2000)

ECE (2006)

SAMHO BROTHER (2005)

YM URANUS (2010)

CHEMICAL TANKER INCIDENTS

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STOLT VALOR – off Saudi Arabia (15th March 2012)

• Chemical tanker (15,732 GT; Built 2004; Stolt Tankers)

• 13,000 MT MTBE + 1,300 MT IBAL + 430 MT HFO

• Fire eventually controlled by salvors after 5 days

• Delay in providing port of refuge for three months

CHEMICAL TANKER INCIDENTS

Photo: Swire Pacific

CHEMICAL TANKER INCIDENTS

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CONTAINERSHIP INCIDENTS

KEY CONSIDERATION: MEGA CONTAINERSHIPS

Maersk

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000CONTAINERSHIP CAPACITY

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HIGH RISK SUBSTANCES

Rank Chemical Rank Chemical

1 Sulphuric acid 11 Styrene2 Hydrochloric acid 12 Methanol3 Sodium hydroxide 13 Ethylene glycol4 Phosphoric acid 14 Chlorine5 Nitric acid 15 Acetone6 LPG/LNG 16 Ammonium nitrate7 Ammonia 17 Urea8 Benzene 18 Toluene9 Xylene 19 Acrylonitrile10 Phenol 20 Vinyl acetate

Source: MEPC/OPRC‐HNS/TG 10/5/4

• IMO risk assessment of top 20 chemicals (excl. oils & products)

• Takes account of volumes produced, transported and spilled

• Majority of incidents involved Dissolvers or Evaporators

PROTOCOL ON PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE & COOPERATION TO POLLUTION INCIDENTS BY HNS 2000

• Modelled on OPRC 90: aims to facilitate preparedness for HNS incidents

NATIONAL PLANS  – REGIONAL AGREEMENTS  – TRAINING/DRILLS

• Provides framework for international co‐operation and support via IMO

• Entered into force 2007 and ratified by 33 states (OPRC 90 ‐ 107 States)

OPRC‐HNS PROTOCOL

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• Many features of Oil Spill Contingency Plan are transferable to HNS incidents

• Accurate contact details and clear notification protocols are even more essential

• May be less time available for establishing roles, responsibilities and strategy

• Front line response: Civil Defence? Fire Brigade? Military? Salvors? Private contractor?

• Specialised training of responders and equipment stockpiles (PPE) are a necessity

CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR HNS

• Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP) onboard chemical tankers

• Advance provision of MSDS information to authorities – ideally, a 24hr centre

CHEMTREC (USA) – CANUTEC (Canada) – MAR‐ICE Network (European Union)

• Rapid assistance in the event of an incident: e.g. cargo manifests, expertise

INDUSTRY RESPONSIBILITIES

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OIL

• Preparedness and response requirements relatively well understood

• Different oil types, but some uniformity in properties & behaviour

• Established techniques for response at sea and on the shoreline

• Typical effects on marine environment and livelihoods well known

HNS

• Response likely to be difficult or limited and potentially very dangerous

• Variety of substances with range of properties, behaviours & hazards

• Need to consider reactions with air, water and other chemicals

• Potential public health effects and loss of life – may be ‘invisible’

HNS INCIDENTS vs OIL SPILLS

• IMO, ITOPF, CEDRE and pro‐active government agencies (Transport Canada, NOAA)

• Emergency centres (NCEC, CHEMTREC) and government/industry networks (MAR‐ICE)

• Front line responders: salvage industry, chemical industry and private contractors

• Guidebooks, databases and computer models: ALOHA, CAMEO and CHEMSIS

USEFUL EXPERTISE & TOOLS

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HNS RESPONSE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

• Less opportunities to learn lessons from incidents than oil spills

• Plan needs regular testing with exercises on different scales

• All parties must be aware of their roles and responsibilities

• Training is essential for front line responders and decision‐makers