PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009
description
Transcript of PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009
![Page 1: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PREOPERATIVE CARDIAC
CLEARANCE
GME CHIEF RETREATSEPTEMBER 2010AUGUST 5TH, 2009
THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETYGeriatrics Health Professionals.
Leading change. Improving care for older adults.
AGS
![Page 2: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE CARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #1
A 71-year-old woman with no previous medical history is scheduled for a total knee arthroplasty. Her blood pressure is 167/93 mm Hg. She can walk only 1 block because of knee pain.
Slide 2
![Page 3: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Slide 3
CASE #1SHOULD THIS PATIENT GET A
CARDIAC STRESS TEST?
1. Yes2. No
1 2
0%0%
10
![Page 4: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATECARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #2
An 81-year-old man with a history of a heart attack, hypertension, and renal insufficiency is scheduled for an open lung resection. He is able to perform light housework only for short periods of time because he becomes short of breath.
Slide 4
![Page 5: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CASE #2SHOULD THIS PATIENT GET A
CARDIAC STRESS TEST?
1 2
0%0%
1. Yes2. No
10Slide 5
![Page 6: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATECARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #3
A 68-year-old man with a history of diabetes, heart failure, stroke, and chronic renal insufficiency plans to undergo a resection of a left ear mass. He can climb half a flight of stairs, after which he becomes short of breath.
Slide 6
![Page 7: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CASE #3SHOULD THIS PATIENT GET A
CARDIAC STRESS TEST?
1 2
0%0%
1. Yes2. No
10 Slide 7
![Page 8: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CARDIAC PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative
Cardiovascular Evaluation for Non-cardiac Surgery
Clinical Cardiac Risk Factors
Operative Risk
Functional Capacity
Slide 8
![Page 9: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Emergency Operation?
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 9
OR = operating room
![Page 10: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 10
![Page 11: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CLINICAL RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT
Slide 11Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Major Risk Factors
• Unstable coronary syndromes
Unstable/severe angina
Recent MI
• Decompensated CHF
• Significant arrhythmia
• Severe valvular disease
![Page 12: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
No
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 12
![Page 13: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
No
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 13
![Page 14: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OPERATION RISK STRATIFICATION
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Anticipated Risk of Cardiac Events
ProcedureExamples
High risk >5% Aortic surgeryPeripheral vascular
Intermediate risk 1%–5% Abdominal/thoracic surgeryOrthopedic surgery
Low risk <1% Endoscopy, cataract, hernia, breast
Slide 14
![Page 15: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
No
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 15
![Page 16: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
NoSTEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 16
![Page 17: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
METABOLIC EQUIVALENTS
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
1 MET
4 METs
Can you…
Take care of yourself?
Eat, dress, toilet?
Walk a block or two at 3 mph?
Do light work around the house like dusting or washing?
4 METs
>10 METs
Can you…
Climb a flight of stairs?
Walk at 4 mph?
Do heavy housework (scrubbing, lifting)?
Participate in strenuous sports (swim, football, ski)?
Slide 17
![Page 18: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 18
![Page 19: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 19
![Page 20: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CLINICAL RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Major Risk Factors
• Unstable coronary
syndromes
Unstable/severe angina
Recent MI
• Decompensated CHF
• Significant arrhythmia
• Severe valvular disease
Other Risk Factors
• History of heart disease
• Compensated prior CHF
• Prior cerebrovascular disease
• Diabetes mellitus
• Renal insufficiency
Slide 20
![Page 21: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 21
![Page 22: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with HR control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 22
![Page 23: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with heart rate control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
Vascular Surgery Intermediate Risk
Consider testing
Consider treating
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 23
![Page 24: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION PRIOR TO SURGERY?
Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) Trial
NEJM (2004) 351:2795.
• 510 patients prior to major vascular surgery
• ≥ 70% stenosis of 1 or more coronary arteries
• Randomized to receive:
Revascularization prior to surgery
No revascularization prior to surgery
Slide 24
![Page 25: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION PRIOR TO SURGERY?
Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) Trial
NEJM (2004) 351:2795.
Revascularization(n = 258)
Medical Management(n = 252)
MI, 30 days 12% 14% P = .37
Mortality, 2.7 yr 22% 23% P = .92
Slide 25
![Page 26: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION PRIOR TO SURGERY?
Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) Trial
NEJM (2004) 351:2795.
Revascularization(n = 258)
Medical Management(n = 252)
MI, 30 days 12% 14% P = .37
Mortality, 2.7 yr 22% 23% P = .92
Days to surgery 54 18 P < .01
Slide 26
![Page 27: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with heart rate control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
Vascular Surgery Intermediate Risk
Consider testing
Consider treating
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 27
![Page 28: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PERIOPERATIVE BETA-BLOCKADE
NEJM (1996) 335:1713.
• Dosing 30 minutes prior and immediately post-op
• IF HR 55 and SBP 100 AND no evidence of CHF, 3º heart block, bronchospasm
THEN
1) Atenolol 5 mg IV over 5 minutes
2) Wait for 5 minutes
3) If HR and SBP criteria still met, repeat dose once
Slide 28
![Page 29: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
POSTOPERATIVE BETA-BLOCKADE
NEJM (1996) 335:1713.
• Intravenous (twice-daily dosing)
Same dosing as perioperative protocol
OR
• Oral (once-daily dosing)
If HR 65 and SBP 100, then atenolol 100 mg
If HR 55 and SBP 100, then atenolol 50 mg
Continue until discharge or 7 days post-op
Slide 29
![Page 30: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
EVIDENCE FOR BETA-BLOCKADE
NEJM (1996) 335:1713.
Beta-Blockade(n = 99)
Placebo(n = 101)
Mortality, 6 months 0% 8% P < .01
Mortality, 1 year 3% 14% P = .01
Mortality, 2 years 10% 21% P = .02
Slide 30
![Page 31: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATECARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #1 revisited
A 71-year-old woman with no previous medical history is scheduled for a total knee arthroplasty. Her blood pressure is 167/93 mm Hg. She can walk only 1 block because of knee pain.
Slide 31
![Page 32: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
Yes OR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with heart rate control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
Vascular Surgery Intermediate Risk
Consider testing
Consider treating
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 32
![Page 33: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATECARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #2 revisited
An 81-year-old man with a history of a heart attack, hypertension, and renal insufficiency is scheduled for an open lung resection. He is able to perform light housework only for short periods of time because he becomes short of breath.
Slide 33
![Page 34: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with heart rate control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
Vascular Surgery Intermediate Risk
Consider testing
Consider treating
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 34
![Page 35: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATECARDIAC EVALUATION?
Case #3 revisited
A 68-year-old man with a history of diabetes, heart failure, stroke, and chronic renal insufficiency plans to undergo a resection of a left ear mass. He can climb half a flight of stairs, after which he becomes short of breath.
Slide 35
![Page 36: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
YesORSTEP 1
No
Active Cardiac Condition
Emergency Operation?
Yes Non-Invasive Stress Test / Treat
Consider OR
Low-Risk Operation
YesOR
No
Functional Capacity
4 METs
YesOR
No
No/Unknown
No Clinical Risk
Factors
OR
1 or 2 Clinical Risk Factors
1. Proceed with planned surgery with heart rate control
2. Consider non-invasive testing
3 Clinical Risk
Factors
Vascular Surgery Intermediate Risk
Consider testing
Consider treating
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 3
STEP 2
Circulation (2007) 116:1971.
Slide 36
![Page 37: PreOperative Cardiac Clearance GME Chief Retreat September 2010 August 5th, 2009](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568164a8550346895dd69fa1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Visit us at:
Facebook.com/AmericanGeriatricsSociety
Twitter.com/AmerGeriatrics
www.americangeriatrics.org
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!
linkedin.com/company/american-geriatrics-society
Slide 37