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Prelude to the Revolution: The French and Indian War US History - Libertyville HS.
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Transcript of Prelude to the Revolution: The French and Indian War US History - Libertyville HS.
Prelude to the Prelude to the Revolution: The French Revolution: The French
and Indian Warand Indian War
US History - Libertyville HSUS History - Libertyville HS
Setting the StageSetting the StageF & I war an F & I war an
extension of the 7 extension of the 7 Years War in Years War in EuropeEurope
Big Question: Who Big Question: Who will control world will control world trade?trade?
F & I (in America) = 7 Yrs War (in Europe)
The SidesThe Sides French possessions in French possessions in
AmericaAmerica
West of Appalachians, West of Appalachians, past Great Lakes and past Great Lakes and Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Quebec & OntarioQuebec & Ontario
English possessions in English possessions in AmericaAmerica Eastern seaboard, short of Eastern seaboard, short of
Appalachians and Lake Appalachians and Lake ErieErie
Colonists had been in Colonists had been in America for 150 years – America for 150 years – separate identity formingseparate identity forming
Not all were even British! Not all were even British! (German, Scottish, Dutch)(German, Scottish, Dutch)French Royal Flag, 18th C. British Union Flag, 18th C.
What about the Native What about the Native Americans?Americans?Ohio Valley Ohio Valley
Indians allied with Indians allied with FrenchFrench
French began French began building line of building line of forts through Ohio forts through Ohio ValleyValleyCut off English Cut off English
access to fur tradeaccess to fur tradeAlso, block English Also, block English
colonists from colonists from expanding westexpanding west
What about the Native What about the Native Americans?Americans? Iroquois were Iroquois were
reluctant allies of reluctant allies of BritishBritish
The Iroquois HATED The Iroquois HATED the coloniststhe colonists
BUT . . . they HATED BUT . . . they HATED the Ohio Valley the Ohio Valley Indians moreIndians more
Some attempted Some attempted neutrality - lose / lose neutrality - lose / lose propositionproposition
Indian slaughter of prisoners, 1759
Lead up to WarLead up to WarBritish claimed British claimed
same lands as same lands as FrenchFrench
Sent 15,000 Sent 15,000 regulars regulars (“Redcoats”) to (“Redcoats”) to protect colonistsprotect colonists
British also planned British also planned seizure of Canada seizure of Canada (for the fur trade)(for the fur trade)
Start of WarStart of War Young George Washington Young George Washington
(21 y.o.) in charge of VA (21 y.o.) in charge of VA militia (Mom story & militia (Mom story & Braddock)Braddock) Sent to Pittsburgh in 1754 to Sent to Pittsburgh in 1754 to
stop French fort buildingstop French fort building French forts: Duquesne & French forts: Duquesne &
Le BoeufLe Boeuf GW builds Fort NecessityGW builds Fort Necessity Brits send along Iroquois Brits send along Iroquois
allies (Half-Chief)allies (Half-Chief) Americans ambush French; Americans ambush French;
Iroquois slaughter patrolIroquois slaughter patrol French counterattack, defeat French counterattack, defeat
Washington – he surrendersWashington – he surrenders 1755 - General Braddock 1755 - General Braddock
ambushed, killed = WAR!ambushed, killed = WAR!
Washington,In VA militiauniform
Indians, During the WarIndians, During the War Ohio Valley Indians kill Ohio Valley Indians kill
about 3,500 colonists about 3,500 colonists in raids in first 3 years in raids in first 3 years of warof war
Colonists HATE the OV Colonists HATE the OV indiansindians
1760 – flag of truce for 1760 – flag of truce for tradetrade Indians ask for blanketsIndians ask for blankets Jeffrey Amherst: traded Jeffrey Amherst: traded
blankets infected with blankets infected with smallpoxsmallpox
OV Indians devastated OV Indians devastated by disease that winter – by disease that winter – never recovernever recover
Ohio RiverValley
Results of WarResults of WarEnglish win on ALL English win on ALL
frontsfronts1760: Fighting in 1760: Fighting in
Europe endsEurope endsBritish send 60,000 British send 60,000
more troops to more troops to America, CanadaAmerica, Canada
Push French out of Push French out of Quebec, West Quebec, West across Mississippiacross Mississippi
Death of British General Wolfe outside Quebec
Demographics of America, Demographics of America, 17631763
NationwideNationwide 2.3 million whites and blacks2.3 million whites and blacks 90% Americans are farmers90% Americans are farmers
4 major cities (shipping)4 major cities (shipping) New York City (28,000)New York City (28,000) Boston, MA (32,000)Boston, MA (32,000) Philadelphia, PA (30,000)Philadelphia, PA (30,000) Charleston, SC (10,000)Charleston, SC (10,000)
Boston
New York
Charleston
Philadelphia
Demographics of America, Demographics of America, 17631763
Between 1760 and Between 1760 and 1775, 225,000 1775, 225,000 immigrants arrive in immigrants arrive in AmericaAmericaMajority NOT EnglishMajority NOT EnglishMost German, Irish (+ Most German, Irish (+
Scots-Irish, post Scots-Irish, post Culloden)Culloden)
Military tradition very Military tradition very strong in these groupsstrong in these groups
Demographics of America, Demographics of America, 17631763
SlaverySlavery½ of population of VA ½ of population of VA
slavesslavesMainly tobacco field Mainly tobacco field
workers (cotton didn’t workers (cotton didn’t become big until become big until 1800s)1800s)
50% of Americans 50% of Americans “unfree” at some “unfree” at some point in lifepoint in lifeBlack slaveBlack slaveIndentured servantIndentured servant
Indenture contract,1739
Slaves on VAPlantation, 1790
Why Do Demographics Why Do Demographics matter?matter? Majority of American Majority of American
population made up of ... population made up of ... Indentured servantsIndentured servants Scots-IrishScots-Irish Religious dissentersReligious dissenters Former debtor-prisonersFormer debtor-prisoners GermansGermans SlavesSlaves
Loyalty to British? Not Loyalty to British? Not really! (Emerging really! (Emerging national ID: Protestants national ID: Protestants that don’t like British that don’t like British nobility / royalty)nobility / royalty)
Immigration groups, 1770
Results of War to British, Results of War to British, AmericansAmericans
Treaty of Paris (1763) makes Britain most Treaty of Paris (1763) makes Britain most powerful European countrypowerful European country
Threat of Indians, French toward colonists Threat of Indians, French toward colonists gonegone
British: colonists must love us!British: colonists must love us!
Colonists: we don’t need British any Colonists: we don’t need British any more…more…