THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Libertyville HS. Impact of 1896 Election New campaign style Ascendancy of...
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Transcript of THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Libertyville HS. Impact of 1896 Election New campaign style Ascendancy of...
THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
Libertyville HS
Impact of 1896 Election
New campaign style Ascendancy of
industrial over agricultural
Beginning of the end of era of high voter turnout
Decline of party and rise of interest groups
William McKinley: 1896-1900
Ohio lawyer Believed in high tariff
(increased to 50%!!) Governor of OH and US
representative Greatest pro business
admin in US history Panic of 1893 ended;
prosperity reigned Gold Standard Act of
1900 Foreign affairs
Election of 1900
McKinley & T. Roosevelt (R)
Bryan & Adlai Stevenson (D)
Campaign Economic times were
good R slogan: “Four More
Years of the Full Dinner Pail”
D issues: silver and US imperialism
ResultsMcKinley: 292 ECV / 7.2 millionBryan: 155 ECV / 6.3 million
McKinley’s Second Term
9/6/01: McKinley was assassinated in Buffalo, NY
Leon Czolgosz 2nd gen. Polish immigrant Anarchist beliefs
Assassination story Last words: “I killed the
President because he was the enemy of the good people – the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.”
Theodore (“Teddy”) Roosevelt
Born to great wealth Author, historian, hunter,
naturalist, soldier, explorer
Congressman, governor of NY, Ass’t Sec’y of the Navy
Capitalist, but also known as a “trust buster” (anti-corruption)
Leader of Progressive Party, and a Reform minded GOP
First Progressive Era Pres.
Problems facing America, 1900
Political system problems Corruption in gov’t City machines Wanted to increase
political participation Economic problems
Unfair tax burden Working conditions Hostility toward unions
Problems facing America, 1900
Economic Problems, cont. Business consolidation
Between 1897 and 1904, 4,227 firms merged to form 257 corporations
The largest merger consolidating nine steel companies to create the U.S. Steel Corp. (Andrew Carnegie)
By 1904, 318 companies controlled about 40 percent of the nation's manufacturing output
One firm produced over half the output in 78 industries
Social problems Living conditions of urban poor Gap between rich, poor Pollution
Goals of the Progressive Movement
Improve American life Increase social justice
Women African & Native Americans
Increase economic justice Increase political
participation Fix problems of
industrialization, urbanization
Only thing big enough to take on big business was gov’t
Members of the Progressive Movement
Middle Class Urban professionals Middle management Concerned about urban
poor, big business Also concerned about
worker led revolution Farmers
Populist Party ideas Break up monopolies
(gov’t control of RRs) Low tariff, easy credit
MiddleClass Family
FarmFamily
Members of the Movement
Workers (unionized) Women
Advocates for many different progressive changes
Women’s suffrage Social welfare (“Hull House”) Temperance
Journalists “Muckrakers” Highlighted economic, social ills Led to governmental action Upton Sinclair (“The Jungle”) Jacob Riis (“How the Other Half
Lives”) Lincoln Steffens (machine
politics)
Progressive Solutions: Politics
Political participation Direct election of
Senators (17th Am) Women’s Suffrage (19th
Am) Increased civil service Campaign limits Secret ballot
Machine politics City Commission City manager Initiative / referendum Recall of elected official
1900 NYCPolling place
Progressive Solutions: Economic
“Trust busting” (monopoly) Trust: business entities that
controlled a market, colluding to set prices, wages, etc
Roosevelt (44 trusts), Taft (90 trusts) were both trust-busters
Pro labor legislation Child labor laws – no more
than 10 hours / day Food & drug inspection
Meat packers Pharmacy companies
Progressive Solutions: Social
Environment / Pollution (Roosevelt) Transferred forests to
the U.S. Forest Service Trees had to be planted
as well as harvested Withdrew millions of
acres of public land from sale to protect resources
Used public land sale revenues to build dams, canal systems
Temperance & Prohibition (18th Am)