Quiz 1 Prelim 11/14/11

Quality Assurance / Quality Control

2nd Semester, 3rd Year Level

History Of Quality Management

The Early 1900’s, With The Work Of An Industrial Engineer Named Frederick Winslow Taylor. “Father Of Scientific Management”

Philosophy

“Planning functions and execution stage be separated and that numerous individuals be assigned W/ specific task to minimize the complexity of the task.”

Maximize Efficiency By Distributing Work And

Because Complex Work Is Lessened Fewer Mistake

Would Occur.

Maximize Efficiency By Distributing Work

Fewer Mistake Would Occur.

From Scientific Management To Quality Improvement

The scientific management philosophy taught by Frederick Winslow Taylor was replaced with the concept of quality improvement by W. Edwards Deming And Joseph Juran.

Quality Improvement Philosophy

Dr. W. Edwards Deming Taught That By Adopting Appropriate Principles Of Management, Organizations Can Increase Quality And Simultaneously Reduce Costs (By Reducing Waste, Rework, Staff Attrition And Litigation While Increasing Customer Loyalty).

“The Key Is To Practice Continual Improvement And Think Of Manufacturing As A System, Not As Bits And Pieces.”

Governmental Action Of QA/QC In Radiology

Federal governments first step was on 1968 with the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act.

The Law Requires The U.S. Department Of Health, Education And Welfare (Health And Human Services)

To Develop And Administer Standards That Would Reduce Human Exposure To Radiation From Electronic Products.

The Bureau Of Radiological Health (BRH) Was Given The Task To Implement The Act.

In 1974 the BRH set forth regulatory actions W/ several amendments to control the manufacturing and installation of medical and dental diagnostic equipment to reduce useless radiation.

In 1981, The Consumer-patient Radiation Health And Safety Act Addressed Issues Such As Unnecessary Repeat Exam, Mass Screening Program, Etc

It Is Also Established Minimum Standards For Accreditation Of Educational Programs And The Licensure Laws.

Consumer Assurance Of Radiologic Excellence Act

On Sept 2000 The CARE Act was introduce in congress, w/c mandated educational and training requirements for to all technologist performing the imaging procedures.

Medical Imaging Demands Precision In The Production Of

High-quality Diagnostic Images While Restricting The

Amount Of Radiation Administered To Patients.

What Is QA And QC?

Quality Assurance: A set of activities designed to ensure that the development and/or maintenance process is adequate to ensure A system will meet its objectives.

Quality Control: A set of activities designed to evaluate A developed work product.

The Terms Quality Assurance (QA) And Quality Control (QC)

Are Often Used Interchangeably (Or In

Tandem), But They Have Different Meanings.

Quality Assurance

QA is an assessment of the process by which A product is created.

QA Often Is used as A description of A comprehensive overall testing program,

QA Also Refers To The Policies And Processes Of The Radiology Department

And Thus Is Related Closely To Workflow.

Quality Control

QC is an assessment of the product itself.

QC Also Refers To The Final Quality Of Either The Images Or The Radiologists' Reports.

“Two Things Are Of Prime Importance: …

Image QualityRadiation Dose

Diagnostic Imaging

Unfortunately, there are numerous sources of variability in quality, in both human and equipment factors, that can produce sub-quality image if not properly controlled.

Repeat Exposures – increases both patient dose and department

cost and possibly decrease the accuracy of image interpretation and can result in decreased in

customer satisfaction.

Three levels on W/C quality is determined

Expected Quality – Level of quality of the product or service that is expected by the customer.

Perceive Quality – Is the customers perception of the product or service or the care.

Actual Quality – Is the level of quality uses statistical data and considers all factors that can influence the final product.

Changes That Influence The Construction Of QA/QC

Advances In Technology, Equipment And Procedures.

Legislation And Government Regulations Joint Commission On The Accreditation

Of Healthcare Organizations Accreditation Procedures.

Corporate Buyouts And Mergers. Methods Of Reimbursement For Services

Rendered.

End

QA And QC Programs

The QA Program Should Include The Means To Provide Appropriate Training For All Personnel With QA Responsibilities And Especially Those Directly Involved With QC Testing.

The Purpose Of A QC Testing Program

Is To Maintain The Quality Of Diagnostic Images.

This Is Done With Routine Monitoring Of Photographic And X-ray Equipment Parameters To Detect Deviations Of Equipment Performance And Take Prompt Corrective Action.

QA/QC PROGRAMS

Radiology Department QA Committee

Radiology Department QA Program

QA Personnel Training QC Technologist Equipment Specification Writing

QC TESTING

QC Test Equipment Equipment Acceptance

Testing QC Testing Program X-ray Equipment QC Photographic Equipment QC

QA TESTING

Equipment Performance Records And Record Keeping

Equipment Appraisal And Replacement Policy

Standardization Of Exposure Acceptance Criteria For Diagnostic

Radiograms Reject-repeat Analysis Program

Quality Assurance Deals With People

A Program Of QA Monitors Proper Patient Scheduling, Reception, And Preparation And Answers The Following Questions;

Is The Scheduled Examination Appropriate For The Patient?

If So, Has The Patient Been Properly Instructed Before The Time Of The Examination?

QA Also Involves Image Interpretation Or

Outcome Analysis.

Quality Control Deals With Instrumentation And Equipment.

Quality Control Is More Tangible And Obvious Because In This Program The Radiologist Is Provided With Optimal Image Produced Through Good Equipment Performance And Resulting In Minimal Patient Radiation Exposure.

Quality Management

Administrative ResponsibilitiesThreshold Of AcceptabilityCommunication NetworkPatient ComfortPersonnel PerformanceRecord Keeping SystemCorrective Action

Risk ManagementRisk AnalysisPolicies And ProceduresRadiation Safety ProgramPatient Radiation Protection

Radiographic Examinations Fluoroscopic Examinations

Visitor Protection

Personnel Protection Time Distance Shielding