PREFACE - Cynosure Dental Laboratory · A. Complete Dentures ... Complete denture – dental...

PREFACE

The Prosthetics Primer is a book of elementary principles for the “beginner” in dentistry. Ithas been used successfully for many years by schools of dental laboratory technol-ogy,schools of dental assisting, and dental hygiene and by many others interested in dental healthwho seek a basic knowledge of dental anatomy and nomenclature.

The first two sections of the Prosthetics Primer deal with the major landmarks, bones andmuscles surrounding the oral cavity. The third section identifies a complete complement ofnatural teeth and describes the various tooth surfaces.

Chapter Four demonstrates some of the landmarks of the upper and lower arch and how theyappear on a model or cast of the edentulous arch. We gratefully acknowledge the coopera-tion of Gerald M. Cathey, D.D.S. of the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry forpermission to use illustrations from his book, Dental Laboratory Technology: DentalAnatomy.

As natural teeth are lost, various types of restorations may be constructed to replace the miss-ing teeth and surrounding structures. Section Five describes some of the types of prostho-dontic restorations used in dentistry today.

The heart of any primer is its ability to define terms so that a beginning student has a clearconcept of the subject matter. Chapter Six is a glossary of dental terminology slanted towardthose terms associated with prosthetic dentistry. In this section much of the “language ofdentistry” is defined, keeping in mind that the reader is new to the field.

In Section Seven artificial teeth are discussed with particular emphasis on identification ofteeth on and off their carding.

The eighth chapter is a summary of the various lines of Trubyte porcelain and plastic teethmanufactured by DENTSPLY International Inc. Each anterior line is identified by type ofmaterial with a brief description of shade and mould availability. Posterior teeth are furtherdesignated by cusp height and design: Anatomical, Semi-Anatomical and Mechanical.

A shade guide chart in Section Nine references the tooth line with which each shade guideis used. Chapter Ten covers the use of work authorizations by dentists to their laboratories,and finally, Chapter Eleven covers Trubyte Tooth warranties.

We sincerely hope those who use the Prosthetics Primer find it a stimulating aid to teach-ing and to learning.

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Copyright 1983, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2002, 2007by DENTSPLY International Inc.York, Pennsylvania 17405-0872

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CONTENTS

Section I The major landmarks and bones of the cranium........................................4

Section II The major muscles of mastication..............................................................5

Section III Natural Teeth ..............................................................................................6-7

A. Identification of teeth and tooth surfaces ..............................................6

B. Anatomy of natural teeth ......................................................................7

Section IV Mandibular and maxillary landmarks ........................................................8

Section V Types of Prosthodontic Restorations ..........................................................9-14

A. Complete Dentures ................................................................................9

B. Removable Partial Dentures ..................................................................10-11

C. Fixed Partial Dentures ..........................................................................12-14

Section VI Glossary of dental terminology ..................................................................15-21

Section VII Artificial Teeth............................................................................................22-25

A. Denture Anteriors and Posteriors ..........................................................22

B. How artificial teeth are carded and identified ......................................23-24

C. The Trubyte Bioform Mould Numbering System ................................24

Section VIII Trubyte® Denture Teeth ............................................................................26-42

A. Trubyte® Anteriors ................................................................................26-29

B. Trubyte® Posteriors................................................................................30-42

Section IX Trubyte Shade Guide Summary ................................................................42

Section X Work Authorizations ..................................................................................43

Section XI Trubyte Tooth Warranties ..........................................................................44

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TTeemmppoorraalliissAids in closing mandible and draws it back-ward when in protrusion.

MMaasssseetteerrCloses mandible and moves it slightly for-ward.

EExxtteerrnnaall PPtteerryyggooiiddProtrudes mandible and opens jaws.

IInntteerrnnaall PPtteerryyggooiiddRaises mandible; when active on one sideonly moves mandible laterally.

BBuucccciinnaattoorrDraws angle of mouth laterally; holds food inposition for mastication.

OOrrbbiiccuullaarriiss OOrriissCloses and protrudes lips

MMyylloohhyyooiiddForms the floor of the mouth, lifts the tongue,helps in swallowing, and assists other musclesin opening the jaw.

GGeenniioohhyyooiiddWorks with the mylohyoid in the above, andalso helps to stabilize the hyoid bone.

ORIS

PTER.EXT.

PTER.INT.

BUCCINATORORBICULARIS

5

II. MAJOR MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

FIG.3

FIG. 4

HYOID BONE

MYLOHYOID M.

GENIOHYOID M.

MASSETER

TEMPORALIS

FIG. 2

4

AALLVVEEOOLLAARR PPRROOCCEESSSS – The bony ridge(Alveolar Ridge) of the maxilla or mandiblewhich contains the alveoli (sockets of theteeth).

CCOONNDDYYLLEE – The rounded surface at the dis-tal extremity of the ramus of the mandiblewhich fits into the glenoid fossa to form thelong portion of the temporomandibular joint.

FFRROONNTTAALL BBOONNEE – The frontal bone formsthe bony framework of the forehead, and a por-tion of the roof of the orbits (eye sockets) andnasal cavity.

GGLLEENNOOIIDD FFOOSSSSAA – A hollow in the plate-like or scaley portion of the temporal bone atthe base of the zygoma. The condyle of themandible rests in the glenoid fossa.

MMAANNDDIIBBLLEE – The lower jaw.

MMAANNDDIIBBUULLAARR FFOORRAAMMEENN – An openingon the internal surface of the ramus that pro-vides entrance for blood vessels and the men-tal nerve.

MMAAXXIILLLLAA – The upper jaw.

MMEENNTTAALL FFOORRAAMMEENN – An opening in themandible below the second premolar regionwhich provides for the entrance or exit ofblood vessels and nerves.

OOCCCCIIPPIITTAALL BBOONNEE – The occipital boneforms the posterior or back portion of the skulland is the bone which supports the head upon

the spinal column.

PPAARRIIEETTAALL BBOONNEESS – The parietal bonesform a large portion of the cranium extendingfrom the frontal bone to the occipital bone.

RRAAMMUUSS – The ascending posterior portion ofthe mandible.

SSPPHHEENNOOIIDD BBOONNEE – The sphenoid boneforms the central portion of the anterior base ofthe cranium and aids in binding the other cra-nial bones together since it joins with everybone of the cranium and with several of thebones of the facial skeleton. The sphenoidbone transmits the optic nerve (nerve of sight).

TTEEMMPPOORRAALL BBOONNEESS – The paired temporalbones take part in the formation of the sidesand part of the base of the cranium, and con-tains the organs of hearing and equilibrium.

TTEEMMPPOORROOMMAANNDDIIBBUULLAARR JJOOIINNTT – Thebony portion of the temporomandibular joint isformed by the condyle and glenoid fossa.

ZZYYGGOOMMAATTIICC PPRROOCCEESSSS – The zygomaticbones form the most prominent feature of thecheeks and a portion of the outer wall of theeye socket.

I. MAJOR LANDMARKS AND BONES OF THE CRANIUM

FIG. 1

FRONTALBONE

PARIETALBONE

TEMPORALBONE

GLENOID FOSSA

OCCIPITAL BONE

CONDYLE

ZYGOMATIC ARCH

SPHENOID BONE

ZYGOMATIC PROCESS

MAXILLA

RAMUS

MANDIBLE

CROWN

ROOT

APICAL FORAMINA

CROWN

ROOT

ANATOMY OF NATURAL TEETH

FIG. 6

CCRROOWWNN – (ANATOMICAL CROWN); Thatpart of the natural tooth which is covered byenamel.

(CLINICAL CROWN); That part of the toothwhich is visible in the mouth.

RROOOOTT – That part of the natural tooth whichis covered by cementum and which is mostlyimbedded in the bony process of the jaw.

EENNAAMMEELL – The white, compact and veryhard substance that covers and protects thedentin of the crown of natural teeth.

DDEENNTTIINN – The chief substance of the teeth.Surrounds the tooth pulp. Covered by enamelon the exposed part of the tooth and bycementum on the part implanted in the jaw.

PPUULLPP CCHHAAMMBBEERR – The cavity whichextends lengthwise through the center of the

tooth and houses the pulp tissue.

PPUULLPP – A soft tissue that occupies the pulpchamber and the root canals of a tooth.Composed of nerves, blood vessels and con-nective tissue.

CCEEMMEENNTTUUMM – The layer of bony tissue,covering the root of a tooth.

AAPPEEXX – Terminal end of the root of a tooth.

AAPPIICCAALL FFOORRAAMMEENN ((PPlluurraall FFoorraammiinnaa)) –The opening at the end of a root of a tooththough which the tooth receives its nerve andblood supply.

FFRREENNUUMM – A fold of connective tissue cov-ered with mucous membrane which attachesthe tongue, lips, and cheeks to adjacent struc-tures.

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ENAMEL

DENTIN

PULP CHAMBER

PULP CANAL

CEMENTUM

6

III. CONCERNING NATURAL TEETH

There are 32 natural teeth. Roots are imbedded in bone called the alveolar process or ridge. Theupper jaw, or maxilla, is stationary and attached to the other bones of the head. The lower jaw ormandible is movable. In each jaw there are six anteriors and ten posteriors. The anteriors have asingle root, and are classified as centrals, laterals and canines. The posteriors have two or moreroots and are classified as premolars and molars. A commonly used system of tooth notation forthe adult dentition is based on a numbering sequence of 1 thru 32. Each number represents a spe-cific tooth, and may be used by dentists and dental technicians as an abbreviated means for iden-tification (i.e., #29 instead of mandibular right second premolar).

IDENTIFICATION OF TEETH AND TOOTH SURFACES

FIG. 5

Anterior Teeth

Upper (Maxillary) Arch

Centrals

Lateral Lateral

Canine Canine

1st Premolar 1st Premolar

2nd Premolar 2nd Premolar

1st Molar 1st Molar

2nd Molar 2nd Molar

3rd Molar(Wisdom Tooth)

3rd Molar(Wisdom Tooth)

PosteriorTeeth

Lower (Mandibular) Arch

2

1

3

4

5

67 9

1011

12

14

15

16

8

13

OCCLUSAL: Pertain-ing to the occlusion.Used to describe themasticating or chewingsurface of the posteriorteeth.

LINGUAL SURFACE:The inside or tonguesurfaces of all teeth.DISTAL: Away from the

median line. The surface ofthe tooth that is away fromthe median line. (Distal of 1stpremolar shown)

BUCCAL SURFACE:Pertaining to the cheek.Used to describe theoutside surfaces of theposterior teeth.

MESIAL: Toward the median line.The surface of the tooth that istowards the median line.

MEDIAN LINE: An imaginary linebetween the two centrals.

INCISAL: The biting edge of anterior teeth.

LABIAL SURFACE: Pertaining tothe lip. Used to describe the frontsurface of the anterior teeth.

SULCUS: A depression in theocclusal surface of a tooth.

CUSPS: tapering projectionsupon the crown of a tooth.

PROXIMAL: The surface of atooth adjoining another tooth.Usually the Mesial or DistalSurface unless the tooth is rotated.

32

31

30

29

28

272425 23

22

21

20

19

18

17

26

PosteriorTeeth

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V. TYPES OF PROSTHODONTIC RESTORATIONS

There are three basic classifications of prosthodontic restorations:

1. Complete denture – dental restorationwhich is a substitute for all of the lost naturalteeth and associated structures of the upper orlower jaws.

2. Removable partial denture – a dental pros-thesis which replaces one or more, but lessthan all of the natural teeth. It can be re-movedfrom the mouth and replaced at will.

3. Fixed partial denture (fixed bridge) – arestoration of one or more missing teeth whichcannot be readily removed by the patient ordentist; it is permanently attached to naturalteeth or roots which furnish the main supportof the appliance.

Complete DenturesWhen an arch of teeth is diseased by advanceddecay, infections in the root tip area, or gumdisease to the extent that the loss of these teethis absolutely unavoid- able – a complete den-ture may be made.

One form of complete restoration is an imme-diate denture, so named because it is insertedimmediately at the time the natural teeth areextracted. This form of treatment is preferredin many instances.

Another method of complete denture treatmentis to remove the natural teeth, wait for anappropriate period of mouth healing and thenconstruct the appliances.

Whichever way the dentures are constructed, ifproper care is taken to select the form, size,and color of teeth the appearance of the den-tures will be natural and pleasing. Typicalcomplete dentures are illustrated below:

MMaaxxiillllaarryy ((UUppppeerr)) CCoommpplleettee DDeennttuurree((AAss SSeeeenn ffrroomm tthhee PPaallaattaall oorr IInnnneerr AAssppeecctt))

MMaannddiibbuullaarr ((LLoowweerr)) CCoommpplleettee DDeennttuurree

FIG. 11

FIG. 12

FIG. 13

((AAss sseeeenn ffrroomm tthhee ffrroonntt))

Buccal Shelf

Retromolar Pad

Mandibular Alveolar Ridge

Labial Frenum

Buccal Frenum

Maxillary Alveolar Ridge

Maxillary Tuberosity

Vibrating Line

Hamular NotchFoveae Palatinae

Incisive Papilla

Incisive Papilla

Rugae

Maxillary AlveolarRidge

Vibrating Line

Palatine Foveae

8

FFRREENNUUMM –– A fold of connective tissue cov-ered with mucous membrane which attachesthe tongue, lips, and cheeks to adjacent struc-tures.

VVEESSTTIIBBUULLEE – That part of the oral cavitywhich lies between the cheeks or lips and theresidual ridge or teeth.

AALLVVEEOOLLAARR RRIIDDGGEE – The bony ridge (alve-olar process) of the maxilla or mandible whichcontains the alveoli (sockets of the teeth).

BBUUCCCCAALL SSHHEELLFF – A flat area of themandible bounded by the crest of the ridge andthe external oblique line which fur-nishes sup-port for the mandibular denture.

MMAAXXIILLLLAARRYY TTUUBBEERROOSSIITTIIEESS – The areaat the posterior end of the maxillary alveolarridge often in the form of a bulge.

PPAALLAATTIINNEE FFOOVVEEAAEE – One or two smallindentations in the region of the junction of thehard and soft palates which are formed by acoalescence of mucous glands.PPAALLAATTEE – The roof of the mouth.

HHAARRDD PP.. – the anterior portion of thepalate composed of an underlying base ofbone covered by soft tissue.

SSOOFFTT PP.. – the posterior portion of thepalate composed primarily of connectiveand muscle tissue.

IV. MANDIBULAR AND MAXILLARY LANDMARKSMAXILLARY ARCH

FIG. 7 FIG. 8

HHAAMMUULLAARR NNOOTTCCHH – A notch or hollowfound just posterior to the tuberosities.VVIIBBRRAATTIINNGG LLIINNEE AARREEAA – The imaginaryline across the posterior part of the palatemarking the division between the movable andimmovable tissues.RREETTRROOMMOOLLAARR PPAADD – The soft tissue pad,often pear-shaped, at the posterior extremity ofthe mandibular ridge.

IINNCCIISSIIVVEE PPAAPPIILLLLAA – A small pad of tissueat the median line behind the crest of the max-illary ridge that protects the vessels and nerveswhich make their exit from the anterior pala-tine foramen.RRUUGGAAEE – The irregular ridges of soft tissuecovering the anterior portion of the hard palate.

MANDIBULAR ARCH

FIG. 9 FIG. 10

Buccal Frenum

Hard Palate

MaxillaryTuberosity

Hamular Notch

Soft Palate

Mandibular Alveolar Ridge

Buccal Shelf

Lingual Frenum

Buccal Frenum

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Removable Partial Dentures Supported Primarily By Soft Tissue

This type of a removable partial denture is usually made of acrylicresin. It is used mainly as a transitional appliance for tooth replace-ment until more definitive treatment can be performed.

FIG. 18

Removable Partial Dentures Supported Partially By The Teeth andPartially By Soft Tissue

FIG. 19 FIG. 20

This removable partial denture is a very commonly used type. Themetallic framework derives support from the teeth, and the denturebase areas (saddles) derive support from the residual ridges.

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REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES

There are three major types of removable partial dentures:

1. Those supported primarily by natural teeth.

2. Those supported primarily by the soft tissues.

3. Those supported partially by the teeth and partially by the soft tissues.

Removable Partial Dentures Supported Primarily by Natural Teeth

FIG. 14 FIG. 15

This is an example of a unilateral removable partial denture that ismainly tooth supported. This type is not used often because of thepossibility of accidental dislodgement. This pattern of missing teethis more often replaced with a fixed partial denture in many dentalpractices.

FIG. 16 FIG. 17

These pictures show a more common type of tooth supported, remov-able partial denture. This bilateral type is retained by clasps formedto fit around the crowns of the natural teeth.

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FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES (FIXED BRIDGES)

These are retained by crowns fitted to prepara-tions on the teeth. They are attached with ahard cementing agent which seals the retainingcrowns to the tooth preparations.

Since they are not removable but are fixed inposition, they are called fixed partial denturesor fixed bridges.

Many of these appliances are solid metal castings with a veneer ofporcelain or plastic. Others may be made with pontics or artificialteeth attached to the retaining crowns with a solder joint. They allhave in common a fixed attachment with continuing support by thenatural teeth.

FIG. 21

FIG. 22

These pictures illustrate two types of fixed partial dentures whichmay be used to replace missing teeth in the posterior areas of themouth.

Figure 22 shows a model of the mouth with teeth prepared to receivethe fixed appliances, but with the appliances not in position. Figure23 shows the restorations in place as they would be in the mouth.

The appliance on the left side of the model in both pictures is madeprimarily of metal with a veneer of acrylic resin to enhance itsappearance. The appliance on the right side of the model has a sub-structure of cast metal onto which porcelain has been fused to form alarge portion of the surfaces of the restoration.

FIG. 23

RETAINER(3/4 CROWN)

SOLDER JOINTS RETAINER(FULL CROWN)

PONTICS

ABUTMENT TEETH

MODEL

These pictures show ways in which the anterior area of the mouthmay be restored.

Figure 24 is a model of the mouth on which four teeth have been pre-pared. To the readers left are two teeth prepared to receive individualcrowns. On the right, two additional teeth have been prepared to sup-port a fixed partial denture which replaces two missing teeth.

Figure 25 shows these appliances in place as seen from the palatal(inner) aspect of the model and demonstrates the metallic portion ofthese restorations. The design and construction is such that the metalis not visible when seen from the outside.

FIG. 24 FIG. 25

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VI. GLOSSARY OF DENTAL TERMINOLOGYDDEENNTTIISSTTRRYY – The art and science of diag-nosing, treating, and preventing diseases andmalformations of the teeth and the associatedstructures of the oral cavity. These may includethe jaws and associated facial bones, the peri-odontal tissues or gums, the cheeks, lips,tongue, floor of the mouth, the palate, the ante-rior parts of the throat, and the temporo-mandibular joint.

Specialties of dentistry include:

EENNDDOODDOONNTTIICCSS – Deals primarily with thetreatment of diseased tooth pulp, and adjacentareas in the jaw.

OORRTTHHOODDOONNTTIICCSS – Deals with preventionand correction of irregularities of the teeth andjaws.

PPEEDDOODDOONNTTIICCSS (p—eed´o dontics) – The spe-cialty of dentistry concerning the teeth andmouth conditions of children.

PPEERRIIOODDOONNTTIICCSS – The diagnosis and treat-ment of tissues which surround and support theteeth.

PPRROOSSTTHHOODDOONNTTIICCSS – That branch of den-tistry pertaining to the replacement of missingteeth and structures by artificial devices.

OORRAALL SSUURRGGEERRYY – Deals primarily with theremoval of teeth, treatment of jaw fractures,removal of tumors, and correction of mal-formed facial bones.

Other specialties include oral pathology, andpublic health dentistry.

Prosthodontic TerminologyAABBUUTTMMEENNTT – A tooth used to support aremovable partial denture or anchor a fixedpartial denture.

AACCRRYYLLIICC RREESSIINN – The plastic materialwidely used in dentistry to make the denturebase.

AALLLLOOYY – A combination of two or more met-als. Golds for casting, wires, and solders arealloys.

AALLVVEEOOLLAARR BBOONNEE (al veel´ ar bone) – Thespecialized bone structure which supports theteeth.

AAMMAALLGGAAMM – An alloy of mercury and silver(with other alloying metals) used as a restora-tive material and for making dies.

AANNNNEEAALL (a neal´) – To soften a metal by con-trolled heating and cooling. Normally donebefore bending or swaging.

AANNTTEERRIIOORR TTEEEETTHH – Central incisors, lat-eral incisors, and canines of either upper orlower arch.

AANNTTEERROO--PPOOSSTTEERRIIOORR – Extending fromthe front backward.

AARRTTIICCUULLAATTEE – (teeth); To arrange the den-ture teeth in their proper positions in the trialbaseplate. To “set-up” the teeth, (casts); Tobring two casts together in occlusion. Tomount the upper and lower casts on the articu-lator.

AARRTTIICCUULLAATTIIOONN – The harmonious contactof the opposing teeth in closed position and inlateral and protrusive movements. (2) Junctionof two bones which may or may not be a mov-able joint.

AARRTTIICCUULLAATTOORR – A mechanical deviceupon which the casts of the mouth may bemounted to simulate the relationship of thejaws.

AARRTTIIFFIICCIIAALL SSTTOONNEE – Gypsum productsimilar to Plaster of Paris but with muchgreater density and strength. May be colored todistinguish it from plaster.

BBAACCKKIINNGG – A metal support which serves toattach a facing to a prosthesis.

BBAALLAANNCCEE (in occlusion) – The simultan-eous harmonious contacts of tooth surfaces indifferent parts of the mouth which act to pre-vent tipping of the denture.

BBAALLAANNCCIINNGG SSIIDDEE – The side opposite theworking side of the dentition or denture.

1514

ARTIFICIAL CROWNS

These may be made as a single restoration fora badly broken down tooth, or may be used toretain fixed partial dentures as previouslyshown. Sometimes they are placed to improvethe appearance of the anterior portions of the

mouth. They are all sealed to the tooth with ahard cementing substance, and will give manyyears of service when properly fitted by thedentist and properly maintained by the patient.

BBaassiicc ttyyppeess ooff aarrttiiffiicciiaall ccrroowwnnss aarree::AAllll MMeettaall – Metals used may be various alloysof chromium, cobalt, nickel, or gold as shownin Figure 26.

AAllll CCeerraammiicc CCrroowwnnss.. There are several typesof all-ceramic crowns. Figure 27 shows a stonemodel (die) of a prepared tooth ready to acceptan all-ceramic crown.

Metal With a Veneer of Porcelain or Plastic Attached.Over the prepared tooth a coping or cov-ering of metallic alloy is formed. To this,varying layers of porcelain or plastic arefused. Fig. 28 illustrates the various layersof porcelain used to reproduce naturalappearance and to reinforce the crown’sstrength. Fig. 29 shows the inner core ofmetal on which porcelain has been fired.

InlaysAn inlay is usually thought of as an intra-coronal (inside the natural tooth crown)restoration and may be made of porcelain,ceramic material, composites, or of castmetal. Fig. 30 shows how the tooth maybe prepared to accept an inlay. Fig. 31illustrates a cast metal inlay seated on astone model (die) of a prepared tooth.

FIG. 26FIG. 27

FIG. 29FIG. 28

FIG. 31FIG. 30

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tip of the lower canine and following the buc-cal cusps of the natural premolars and molars,continuing to the anterior border of the ramus.

DDEECCIIDDUUOOUUSS TTEEEETTHH (dee sid´ u us) – Thefirst teeth of childhood which are laterreplaced by the permanent dentition.

DDEENNTTIITTIIOONN (den tish´ en) – Natural teeth inthe dental arch.

DDEENNTTUULLOOUUSS (dent´ u lous) – Having naturalteeth present in the mouth and capable offunction.

DDEENNTTUURREE – An artificial substitute for miss-ing natural teeth and adjacent tissues.

DDEENNTTUURREE,, CCOOMMPPLLEETTEE – A dental pros-thesis which is a substitute for the lost naturaldentition and associated structures of the max-illa or mandible.

DDEENNTTUURREE,, IIMMMMEEDDIIAATTEE – A dental pros-thesis constructed before removal of the teethand inserted at the time of extraction.

DDEENNTTUURREE SSEERRVVIICCEE – Those procedureswhich are involved in the diagnosis, construc-tion, and maintenance of artificial substitutesfor missing natural teeth.

DDIIAAGGNNOOSSIISS – A scientific evaluation ofexisting conditions.

DDIIAASSTTEEMMAA (dieastee´ma) – A space betweentwo adjacent teeth in the same dental arch.

DDIIEE – A positive reproduction of a tooth orpreparation, usually in metal or stone.

DDIISSTTAALL – The side of a tooth farthest awayfrom the median line in the dental arch.

EEDDEENNTTIICCSS (e dent´ ics) – A program of con-tinuing care for the edentulous patient.

EEDDEENNTTUULLOOUUSS (e dent´ u lous) – With-outteeth. It may be a specific area, one arch or theentire mouth.

EENNAAMMEELL – The white, compact, and veryhard substance that covers and protects thedentin of the crown of the tooth.

EESSTTHHEETTIICCSS (es the´ tics) – (1) The branch ofphilosophy dealing with beauty, especiallywith the components thereof, viz., color, form,and arrangement. (2) The qualities involved inthe appearance of a given restoration.

EEXXTTRRAA--OORRAALL – Outside the mouth.

FFAACCIIAALL – Pertaining to the face. The surfaceof the tooth or appliance nearest the lips orcheeks. Used synonymously for the wordsbuccal and labial.

FFAACCEE--BBOOWW – A caliper-like device used torecord the relationship between the maxillaand condyles of the mandible and to transferthis relationship to an articulator.

FFIIXXEEDD BBRRIIDDGGEE – A fixed partial denture.One that is cemented firmly in position.

FFLLAASSKK – A frame constructed in sections intowhich a denture is invested for processing.

FFOORRAAMMEENN (for a´ men) – A hole or perfora-tion in the bone.

FFOOSSSSAA – A shallow depression in the bone.

FFOOVVEEAA (fo´ via) – A pit, dimple, or depres-sion.

FFRREENNUUMM (free´ num) – The small band orfold of connective tissue covered with mucousmembrane which attaches the tongue, lips, andcheeks to adjacent structures.

GGEERROODDOONNTTIICCSS (jair´ o dontics) – Thatbranch of dentistry which deals with the dentalproblems and conditions of the aged.

GGIINNGGIIVVAA (gin´ ja va) – That part of the gumtissue which immediately surrounds a tooth.

GGLLAAZZEE – The final firing of porcelain whichimparts a high gloss.

HHIIGGHH LLIIPP LLIINNEE – The greatest height towhich the lip is raised in normal function orduring the act of smiling broadly.

HHUUEE – A color as seen in the visible spectrum,i.e., red, yellow, blue, etc.

))

16

BBAASSEE MMEETTAALL – A metal such as copper oriron not classified as a noble metal.

BBAASSEEPPLLAATTEE – A temporary form represent-ing the base of a denture which is used formaking jaw relation records and for thearrangement of teeth.

SSTTAABBIILLIIZZEEDD BB.. – A baseplate linedwith a plastic material to improve its fitand stability.

BBEENNNNEETTTT MMOOVVEEMMEENNTT – The lateral shiftof the condyle first described by a British den-tist.

BBOOXXIINNGG – The placing of a retaining wall ofwax around an impression to confine the plas-ter or stone as the cast is poured.

BBRRIIDDGGEE – (fixed partial denture) – A restora-tion of one or more missing teeth which cannotbe readily removed by the patient or dentist; itis permanently attached to natural teeth orroots which furnish the primary support to theappliance.

BBRRIILLLLIIAANNCCEE OORR VVAALLUUEE – The amount ofwhiteness or darkness in a color. The morewhite a color contains the more brilliant itappears. The more black or grey, the less bril-liant it appears.

BBUUCCCCAALL (buck´ al) – Pertaining to the cheek;the surface of the tooth toward the cheek.

BBUUCCCCAALL FFRREENNUUMM (buck´ al free´ num) –The string-like tissue which attaches thecheeks to the alveolar ridge in the premolarregion of each arch.

BBUURRNNIISSHH – The drawing or flattening out ofa malleable metal through pressure.

CCAASSTT ((nnoouunn)) – An object formed by pouringa material (usually stone, plaster, or invest-ment) into an impression; also called “model.”((vveerrbb)) – To cast a material into a mold (such asinlay, crown, or partial denture).

CCAASSTT SSTTUUDDYY ((oorr DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc)) – A positivelikeness of dental structures for the purpose ofstudy and treatment planning.

CCEENNTTRRIICC RREELLAATTIIOONN – (1) The most pos-terior relation of the mandible to the maxilla atthe established vertical dimension. (2) Therelation of the mandible to the maxilla whenthe condyles are in their most posterior posi-tion in the glenoid fossa from which unstrainedlateral movements can be made at the occlud-ing vertical dimension normal for the individ-ual.

CCEENNTTRRIICC OOCCCCLLUUSSIIOONN – The relations ofopposing tooth surfaces which provide themaximum planned contact and/or intercuspa-tion.

CCLLAASSPP – The metal part of a partial denturewhich partly encircles an abutment tooth andhelps to support, stabilize, and retain the den-ture.

CCOONNDDYYLLEE (con´ dıle) – The rounded end ofa bone at the articular end of the mandible.

CCOONNNNEECCTTOORR – A term used in partial den-ture prosthesis meaning a bar which connectstwo or more parts of the appliance: (a) majorconnector – the rigid bar which connects thesaddles or major parts. (b) minor connector –the bar which connects clasps to frame.

CCOOPPIINNGG – A thin cover or matrix usuallymade of cast metal or acrylic resin to fit over aprepared tooth. A crown is then constructedover the coping.

CCRROOSSSS BBIITTEE – A condition in which theridge of the mandible lies so far outside themaxillary ridge that normal arrangement ofteeth is not feasible.

CCRROOSSSSLLIINNKKEEDD – A typing together ofacrylic resin molecules chemically to producea more stable resin.

CCRROOWWNN – Artificial – A replacement of thecoronal portion of a tooth.

CCUURRIINNGG – The process by which denture-base materials are hardened to the form of adenture in a denture mold.

CCUURRVVEE OOFF SSPPEEEE – Anatomic curvature ofthe occlusal alignment of teeth beginning at the

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MMOOUUNNTTIINNGG – The attachment of casts to thearticulator with plaster or stone.

NNOOBBLLEE MMEETTAALL – A metal not easily oxi-dized. Example: gold, platinum. Opposite ofbase metal.

OOBBTTUURRAATTOORR (ob´ tur rater) – A prosthesisused to close a congenital or acquired openingin the palate.

OOCCCCLLUUDDEE (o klude´) – To bring together. Tobring the mandibular teeth into contact withthe maxillary teeth.

OOCCCCLLUUSSAALL (o klue´ zal) – (1) Pertaining tothe contacting surfaces of opposing occlusalunits (teeth or occlusion rims). (2) Pertainingto the masticating surfaces of the posteriorteeth.

OOCCCCLLUUSSIIOONN (o klue´ zhen) – The relation-ship between the opposing surfaces of upperand lower teeth when they are in contact eitherin the mouth or on an articulator.

OOCCCCLLUUSSIIOONN RRIIMM – Occluding surfacesbuilt on baseplates for the purpose of recordingmaxillomandibular relationships. Also used asa base for arranging the teeth.

OOVVEERRBBIITTEE – Vertical overlap of the upperanteriors over lowers.

OOVVEERRJJEETT – Horizontal protrusion of theupper anteriors beyond the lowers.

PPAALLAATTEE – The roof of the mouth.CCLLEEFFTT PP.. – An opening in the palate. Itmay be in the hard or soft palate or bothand may be present from birth or causedby surgery, disease, or accident.

PPAAPPIILLLLAA (pap ill´a) – A small nipple shapedelevation.

IINNCCIISSIIVVEE PP.. – A rounded projection atthe anterior end of the palate.IINNTTEERRDDEENNTTAALL PP.. – The triangularpad of gum which fills the space betweenthe necks of the teeth.

PPAARRTTIIAALL DDEENNTTUURREE – A dental prosthesiswhich restores one or more, but less than all, ofthe natural teeth and/or associated parts andwhich is supported by the teeth and/or themucosa; it may be removable or fixed.

PPEENNNNYYWWEEIIGGHHTT ((DDWWTT)) – 1/20 part of atroy ounce. 24 grains equal 1 dwt.

PPEERRIIPPHHEERRYY (per if´ ery) – The outward partof the surface or border. A term frequently usedto describe the border of a denture or animpression.

PPHHOONNEETTIICCSS – The science of sounds used inspeech.

PPOONNTTIICC – That part of a fixed bridge whichis suspended between abutments and whichreplaces a missing tooth or teeth.

PPOOSSTTEERRIIOORR TTEEEETTHH – Premolars andmolars of either jaw.

PPOOSSTT DDAAMM – The seal at the posterior borderof a denture. Preferred term is posterior palatalseal.

PPRROOSSTTHHEESSIISS (pros th—ee ´ sis) – Dental – anartificial replacement of one or more teethand/or associated structures.

PPRROOSSTTHHOODDOONNTTIICCSS (pros tho don´tics) –Prosthetic Dentistry; The branch of dental artand science pertaining to restoration of oralfunction by the replacement of missing teethand structures by artificial devices.

PPRROOTTRRUUSSIIVVEE BBIITTEE ((OOCCCCLLUUSSIIOONN)) –Contact relation of the upper and lower teethwhen the mandible is brought forward with theanteriors edge to edge.

PPRROOXXIIMMAALL SSUURRFFAACCEE – The surface of atooth which lies next to another tooth. Nearlyalways the mesial or distal surface unless thetooth is rotated.

PPUULLPP – The connective tissue found in thepulp chamber and canals. It is made up ofarteries, veins, nerves, lymph tissue, and con-nective tissue.

PPUUMMIICCEE (pum´ is) – An abrasive agent usedin many polishing procedures.

QQUUIICCKK CCUURREE RREESSIINN ((AAUUTTOOPPOOLLYYMMEERRRREESSIINN)) – An acrylic resin wherein an activat-ing substance has been added to the monomerwhich will initiate polymerization or curewithout the use of external heat.

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IIMMMMEEDDIIAATTEE DDEENNTTUURREE – A dental pros-thesis constructed before removal of the teethand inserted at the time of extraction.

IIMMPPRREESSSSIIOONN – A negative reproduction of agiven area.

IINNDDEEXX – A core or mold used to indicate rel-ative positions so that a part may be removedand replaced in exactly the same position asbefore.

IINNLLAAYY – A restoration (gold, porcelain) madeto fit a prepared tooth cavity and then cement-ed into place.

IINNTTEERRPPRROOXXIIMMAALL – Between adjoiningtooth surfaces.

IINNTTRRAA--OORRAALL – Within the mouth.

IINNVVEESSTT – To surround, embed, or en-velop ina material to hold the pieces in place during asubsequent operation.

IINNVVEESSTTMMEENNTT – A refractory material usedto form a mold for casting.

LLAABBIIAALL (lay´bee al) – Pertaining to the lip ortoward the lip.

LLAABBIIAALL FFRREENNUUMM (lay´bee al free´num) –The connective tissue “string” which attachesthe upper and lower lip to the alveolar ridge ator near the midline.

LLAATTEERRAALL MMOOVVEEMMEENNTT – Movement ofthe mandible to the side.

LLIINNGGUUAALL (ling´ gwal) – Pertaining to thetongue or towards the tongue.

LLIINNGGUUAALL BBAARR – A metal bar (cast orwrought) used to connect the right and leftsides of a lower partial denture.

LLOOWW LLIIPP LLIINNEE – The lowest position of thelower lip during smiling or voluntary reaction.The lowest position of the upper lip at rest.

MMAALLOOCCCCLLUUSSIIOONN – Any deviation from anormal occlusion.

MMAANNDDIIBBLLEE – The lower jaw.

MMAASSKKIINNGG – An opaque covering used as anundercoat so that metal will not show throughplastic or porcelain veneers.

MMAASSTTEERR CCAASSTT ((MMOODDEELL)) – The positivereproduction in stone made from an accuratefinal impression.

MMAASSTTIICCAATTIIOONN – The process of chewingfood for swallowing and digestion.

MMAATTRRIIXX (may´ trix) – The foundation inwhich something is formed. The space remain-ing in the flask after a wax denture is eliminat-ed and into which material for the denture ispacked.

MMAAXXIILLLLAA (max ill´ a) – The upper jaw.

MMEEDDIIAANN LLIINNEE – An imaginary line runningvertically through the center of the face. It ismarked on the occlusion rim as a guide toplacement of the central incisors.

MMEESSIIAALL (mee´ ziel) – Toward the medianline. That surface of a tooth towards the medi-an line.

MMIILLLLIINNGG--IINN – The procedure of refining orperfecting the occlusion of teeth by the use ofabrasives while the occluding surfaces arerubbed together either on the articulator or inthe mouth.

MMOODDEELL – Reproduction in plaster or metal ofany object, as a tooth, or the dental arch, bypouring the material into an impression takenfrom the object.

MMOOLLDD ((MMOOUULLDD)) – (1) A term used to spec-ify the shape and size of a tooth according to acertain system of classification. (2) A form inwhich an object is cast or formed.

MMOOUULLDD CCHHAARRTT – A chart depicting themoulds available in a given line of artificialteeth and listing their dimensions and combi-nations with appropriate lowers or posteriors.

MMOOUULLDD GGUUIIDDEE – All moulds available in agiven line of artificial teeth.

Aids in selection of the most appropriatemould for an individual and permits inter-changing of teeth for better esthetics. Non-usable tooth mould guide – teeth contain ironpins for use as selection aid only. Usable toothmould guide – all moulds in a given line inusable teeth.

SSTTAABBIILLIIZZEEDD BBAASSEEPPLLAATTEE – A baseplatelined with a plastic material to improve its fitand stability.

SSUULLCCUUSS (sul´ kus) – A groove or depressionon the surface of a tooth.

SSUURRVVEEYYIINNGG – The procedure of locatingand outlining the contour and position of abut-ment teeth and associated structures on themaster cast before designing a removable par-tial denture. The purpose is to determine themost favorable path of insertion for the partialand to mark survey lines on the teeth to aid inthe development of a suitable design for themetal frame work.

SSUUTTUURREE LLIINNEE – A junction point where thebones of the cranium unite.

SSWWAAGGEE (swaj) – (verb) – To shape metal byhammering or adapting it onto a die.

TTEEEETTHH,, AANNAATTOOMMIICC – Artificial teethwhich closely duplicate the form and appear-ance of natural teeth.

TTEEEETTHH,, NNOONN--AANNAATTOOMMIICC – Teeth whoseocclusal surfaces are based on mechanicalrather than anatomic forms.

TTEEEETTHH,, PPLLAASSTTIICC – Artificial teeth con-structed of synthetic resins.

TTEEEETTHH,, PPOORRCCEELLAAIINN – Artificial teeth con-structed of feldspar, kaolin and silica.

TTEEEETTHH,, TTUUBBEE – Artificial teeth constructedwith a vertical, cylindric aperture extendingfrom the center of the base up into the body ofthe tooth into which a pin may be placed orcast for the attachment of the tooth to a restora-tion.

TTEEEETTHH,, ZZEERROO DDEEGGRREEEE – Posterior teethhaving a flat occlusal surface.

TTEEMMPPLLAATTEE – A flat or curved plate usuallyof metal which is used as a guide in arrangingartificial teeth.

TTEENNSSIILLEE SSTTRREENNGGTTHH – Resistance tobreakage from a stretching or pulling force.

TTHHEERRMMAALL EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN – Expansioncaused by heat.

TTHHEERRMMOOPPLLAASSTTIICC - A polymeric materialwhich can be softened by heat and which hard-ens upon cooling.

TTRRAAUUMMAA – A hurt; a wound; an injury; dam-age; impairment; external violence producingbodily injury or degeneration.

TTRRYY--IINN – A preliminary insertion of a wax-uptrial denture, partial denture casting or finishedrestoration to determine the fit, esthetics, max-illomandibular relations, etc.

TTRRYY--IINN SSEELLEECCTTOORR – (Shade Selector) Aset of 6 upper anterior artificial teeth in eachshade available in a given line of teeth to per-mit visualizing the effect of “staggered” shadesby selecting laterals and canines of a shade dif-ferent from the centrals.

TTUUBBEERROOSSIITTYY (two ber os´ ity) – A bulgesometimes found at the posterior end of themaxillary ridge.

VVAACCUUUUMM FFIIRREEDD – The baking of porcelainin a vacuum to eliminate trapped air.

VVAAUULLTT – The palate or roof of the mouth.

VVEENNEEEERR (ven ear´) – A thin layer.

VVEERRTTIICCAALL DDIIMMEENNSSIIOONN – A vertical mea-surement of the face between any two arbitrar-ily selected points which are convenientlylocated, one above and one below the mouth,usually in the midline.

WWOORRKKIINNGG SSIIDDEE – The lateral segment of adenture or dentition toward which themandible is moved.

21

RRAAMMUUSS (ray´ mus) – The ascending part ofthe mandible.

RREEBBAASSEE – A process of refitting a denture byreplacement of the denture base material on anew cast without changing the occlusal rela-tions of the teeth.

RREELLIIEEFF – The reduction or elimination ofpressure from a specific area under a denturebase.

RREELLIINNEE – To resurface the tissue side of adenture with new base material to make it fitmore accurately.

RREEMMOOVVAABBLLEE PPAARRTTIIAALL DDEENNTTUURREE – Apartial denture which may be removed andreplaced by the patient.

RREESSOORRPPTTIIOONN – The gradual reduction involume and size of the alveolar portion of themandible or maxilla.

RREETTAAIINNEERR – (1) Any type of clasp, attach-ment, or device used for the fixation or stabi-lization of a prosthesis. (2) A device used byorthodontists to maintain teeth in the desiredposition after orthodontic treatment.

RREETTRROOMMOOLLAARR PPAADD – A mass of tissueusually pear-shaped, which is located at thedistal termination of the mandibular residualridge.

RREETTRRUUSSIIOONN – A backward position of themandible.

RRIIDDGGEE – The remainder of the alveolarprocess and its soft tissue covering after theteeth are removed.

CCEENNTTEERR OOFF RR.. – The bucco-lingualmidline of the residual ridge.CCRREESSTT OOFF RR.. – The highest continuoussurface of the ridge, but not necessarilythe center of the ridge. (2) The top of aresidual or alveolar ridge.

RRIIDDGGEE LLAAPP – The area of an artificial toothwhich normally overlaps the alveolar ridge. Itcorresponds on the inner surface of the toothapproximately to the location of the collar onthe facial surface.

RROOEENNTTGGEENNOOGGRRAAMM (rent´ gen en gram) –Photograph made with X-rays.

RRUUGGAAEE (roo´ gi) – The irregular ridges foundin the anterior region of the upper hard palate.They aid in speech and manipulation of foodby the tongue.

SSAADDDDLLEE ((BBAASSEE)) – The part of a partial den-ture, upper or lower, which fits on the alveolarridge and in which the teeth are held.

SSAAGGIITTTTAALL PPLLAANNEE (saj´ it al) – The planethat divides the body vertically into two equalhalves.

SSAATTUURRAATTIIOONN OORR CCHHRROOMMAA – The rela-tive strength of a hue.

SSCCRRIIBBEE – To write, trace, or mark by makinga line or lines with a pointed instrument.

SSEETT UUPP (noun) A broad term usually denotinga full upper and lower arrangement of teeth inwax. (verb) The act of arranging and position-ing artificial teeth in a complete or partial den-ture.

SSHHAADDEE GGUUIIDDEE – Samples of color which areavailable in manufactured teeth.

SSHHAADDEE SSEELLEECCTTIIOONN – The determinationof the color (hue, brilliance, saturation) of anartificial tooth or set of teeth for a givenpatient.

SSHHEELLFF LLIIFFEE – The period of time which amaterial can be stored without losing its usefulproperties.

SSLLUUIICCEE WWAAYYSS (sloose ways) – The escapeways through which food leaves the occlusalportion of the teeth in the process of chewing.

SSPPAATTUULLAATTEE – To manipulate or mix with aspatula.

SSPPLLIINNTT – An appliance for the fixation ofmovable, displaced, or fractured parts.

SSPPRRUUEE – Wax or metal used to form the aper-ture or passageway for molten metal to flowinto a mold to make a casting; also the metalwhich later fills the sprue hole.

20

)

)

23

HOW TRUBYTE® ARTIFICIAL TEETH ARECARDED AND IDENTIFIED

Most Trubyte teeth are carded in full sets ofupper or lower anteriors (1 x 6’s) and upper orlower posteriors (1 x 8’s). As seen in the illus-trations below, uppers are easily distinguished

from lowers when on the card because theyappear in the same position they will have inthe mouth.

AANNTTEERRIIOORRSS – In all instances, a full set (1 x 6) of upper or lower anteriorsincludes two centrals, two laterals and two canines. The designation “left” or“right” refers to the teeth as they appear in the mouth, not as they are placedon the card.

NOTE: Trubyte Bioblend anteriors are carded in 1 x 2’s (two centrals,two laterals, two canines) and mounted together to create a full 1 x6 set.

TRUBYTE® BIOFORM®

P B67Mould

Number

1 x 6Lower

RightCanine

RightLateral

RightCentral

LeftCentral

LeftLateral

LeftCanine

ShadeNumber

TRUBYTE® BIOFORM®

42G B67Mould

Number

1 x 6Upper

RightCanine

RightLateral

RightCentral

LeftCentral

LeftLateral

LeftCanine

ShadeNumber

LeftLateral

LeftCentral

LeftCanine

RightLateral

RightCentral

RightCanine

Blend #Mould

Number

22

VII. ARTIFICIAL TEETHDenture teeth are made from either porcelainor plastic. The denture base material in whichthe teeth are set is normally a form of acrylicplastic.Porcelain denture anteriors are distinguishedby their pins projecting from their lingual sur-face. Pins provide a mechanical means ofretention for porcelain teeth to the acrylic den-ture base.Plastic denture anteriors and posteriors have no

pins since retention is achieved by a chemicalbond with the plastic denture base.Porcelain denture posteriors have no pins forretention to the acrylic denture base. In place ofpins a “diatoric hole” is molded in-to the ridgelap. The fluid denture base ma-terial flows intothe diatoric hole and when hardened “locks”the teeth in place. “Vent holes” provide anescape for air as the denture base material flowsinto the diatoric hole.

Collar(Labial)

Porcelain Anterior

Mould Number

Pins

Crescent Trademark

Plastic AnteriorDENTURE ANTERIORS

DENTURE POSTERIORS

DiatoricHole

Porcelain Posterior

VentHole Crescent

Trademark

Mould Number

Plastic Posterior

Dot

CrescentTrademark

Lingual Finish Line

CCOOLLLLAARR – Identifies area of tooth to be cov-ered by denture base material.RRIIDDGGEE LLAAPP – Area which normally overlapsalveolar ridge.PPIINN – Gold alloy pin used to secure porcelainanterior teeth in the denture base.CCRREESSCCEENNTT TTRRAADDEEMMAARRKK – A registeredtrademark of Dentsply International located onthe lingual of all Trubyte anteriors and the fin-ishing line of Trubyte first molar posteriors.Other manufacturers have other marks but onlyTrubyte uses the crescent.DDOOTT – Identifies 1st and 2nd upper premolarsand molars. 1 dot = 1st premolars and 1stmolars, 2 dots = 2nd premolars and 2ndmolars. Dots are always on mesial to facilitate

identifying rights and lefts.DDAASSHH – Identifies 1st and 2nd lower premo-lars and molars. 1 dash = 1st premolars and 1stmolars, 2 dashes = 2nd premolars and 2ndmolars. Dashes are always on mesial to facili-tate identifying rights and lefts.DDIIAATTOORRIICC HHOOLLEE – The retentive device forporcelain posteriors – denture base materialfills the hole and when hardened creates a“lock” for retention of posterior teeth.VVEENNTT HHOOLLEE – Provides escape for air whendenture base material fills diatoric hole.FFIINNIISSHHIINNGG LLIINNEE – A ledge used as a guidein trimming the wax on the denture base mate-rial.

Anterior Mould NumbersThe Trubyte Bioform mould numbering system provides a simple and easy method for selecting themost harmonious shape and size of anterior teeth for any given patient. The shape and size of thepatient’s face determines the Trubyte Bioform or the Trubyte Bioblend tooth mould which is to beused.

Each anterior mould number consists of a first number, a second number and a letter. The FIRSTNUMBER on the card describes the classification or form of the tooth, as follows:

25

45F B65

TRUBYTE® BIOFORM®

Certain Trubyte mould numbers may alsoinclude the letters (S, M or L) following themillimeter width designation. Trubyte 33°, 30°Pilkington-Turner, 20°, and RationalPosteriors are offered in a variety of lengths aswell as widths, i.e. S-short, M-medium, or L-long (30S, 30M, 30L).

Posterior moulds that are not designated S, Mor L increase in length proportionately as theindividual mould widths increase from the nar-rowest to the widest.

1 – Square2 – Square Tapering3 – Square Ovoid

The SECOND NUMBER on the carddescribes the proportion of the tooth – whetherit is long, medium, or short in relation to itswidth and whether the labial surface isstraight or curved from gingival to incisal.

PROPORTION GINGIVO-INCISALOF THE TOOTH CONTOUR

1. LONG....................................STRAIGHT2. MEDIUM ..............................STRAIGHT3. SHORT ..................................STRAIGHT4. LONG ......................................CURVED55.. MMEEDDIIUUMM ................................................................CCUURRVVEEDD6. SHORT......................................CURVED

The LETTER on the card describes the width

of the six anteriors on the curve from canine tocanine:

B equals below 44 mm.C equals 44 mm to 46 mm.D equals 46 mm to 48 mm.E equals 48 mm to 50 mm.FF oorr XX eeqquuaallss 5500 mmmm ttoo 5522 mmmm..G equals 52 mm to 54 mm.H equals 54 mm to 56 mm.J equals above 56 mm.

4 – Tapering5 – Tapering

Ovoid

6 – Ovoid7 – Square Tapering

Ovoid

24

PPOOSSTTEERRIIOORRSS – A full set (1 x 8) of upper or lower posteriors includes two firstand second premolars and two first and second molars. (Upper and lower thirdmolars are seldom used in a denture because of lack of space. If there is space,another first or second molar is normally substituted.)

CCAARRDDIINNGG MMAATTEERRIIAALL – Trubyte teeth arecarded on a special “carding wax” which issupported by a plastic or metal base.

MMOOUULLDD AANNDD SSHHAADDEE – Mould and shadenumbers are stamped with the mould numberalways on the LEFT side of the card; the shadenumber always on the RIGHT. Bioblend 1 x2’s are each individually identified.

In the event of a loose or uncarded Trubytetooth – anterior or posterior – mould identifi-cation is possible by looking on the ridge laparea where the mould number appears.

BBRROOKKEENN SSEETTSS – If one or more teeth aremissing from the card, it becomes a “brokenset.” Broken sets of anterior teeth (providedthey are on the card and in their original facto-ry-delivered condition) are accepted forexchange. This same policy applies to brokensets of plastic posteriors. Broken sets of por-celain posteriors and Biotone Rational BlockPosteriors, however, are not exchangeable.

BIOFORM® VF 33° POST.

RightSecondMolar

RightFirst

Molar

LeftSecond

Premolar

LeftFirst

Premolar

RightFirst

Premolar

RightSecond

Premolar

LeftFirst

Molar

LeftSecondMolar

BIOFORM® VF 33° POST. B65

B65

32M

32M

RightSecondMolar

RightFirst

Molar

LeftSecond

Premolar

LeftFirst

Premolar

RightFirst

Premolar

RightSecond

Premolar

LeftFirst

Molar

LeftSecondMolar

MouldNumber

ShadeNumber

1 x 8Upper

1 x 8Lower

Posterior mould numbers directly relate to thesize of the upper posterior teeth. Although thecompanion lower posterior teeth of any givenmould are identified by the same number asthe upper set, the lower posterior teeth are nec-essarily wider than the upper posterior teethwith which they articulate.

Upper posterior teeth are measured in millime-ters. This measurement is part of everyTrubyte Posterior Mould Number. The last twonumbers of any Trubyte Posterior represents

the millimeter measurement of the four teethon the right side and the left side of each 1x8.For example, moulds 30M, 230M, 330 andF30 are each 30 millimeters wide measuringfrom the mesial of the first premolar to the dis-tal of the second molar on the right and leftsides of each 1x8.

Prefix letters or numbers relate to specific pos-terior brand mould numbers, i.e. FunctionalF30, Pilkington-Turner 230M, Anatoline 330,Monoline 431 and BioStabil 530.

THE TRUBYTE BIOFORM MOULD NUMBERING SYSTEMPosterior Mould Numbers

Trubyte® New Hue® Vacuum Fired Porcelain Anteriors

Trubyte New Hue Vacuum Fired Anteriors area combination of the familiar, popular NewHue upper and lower moulds with the densevital porcelain of the Bioform Vacuum process.

There are 20 upper and 10 lower moulds. Theyare all available in 8 Trubyte Bioform Shades:B59, B62, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, and B81.

The Trubyte® Bioform® Porcelain Shade Guide is used by thedentist to select shades for Trubyte® New Hue® Vacuum FiredPorcelain Anteriors.

NEW HUE® VAC-FIRED

274 B65UPPER

TRUBLEND® SLM® TRUBLEND® SLM® TRUBLEND® SLM®

42F TRUBYTE® T17 42F TRUBYTE® T17 42F TRUBYTE® T17

P3

13E A3

TRUBYTE® PLASTIC ANTERIORS

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® Plastic Anteriors

Remarkable wear resistance is one reason toprescribe Trublend SLM teeth, since theycome closer to the wear characteristics of nat-ural teeth than any plastic teeth previouslyavailable. Each Trublend SLM tooth is a multi-blend of naturally-shaded body material,enveloped in translucent enamel. The color inthe cervical area has been intensified. Anteriorincisal and proximal translucency has been

subtly enhanced. Trublend SLM anteriors areavailable in the most popular Bioform anteriormoulds. They are perfect duplicates of attrac-tive, healthy, natural teeth, right down to thesubtle irregularities of the anatomy. There are24 new, natural-look-ing shades: T1, T2, T3,T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22,T23, T24.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® Plastic Anteriors

The new Trublend SLM Shade Guide is contoured to fit your handand to make shade evaluation convenient and easy.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® Shade Guide

27

Trubyte Portrait IPN Plastic Anteriors offer theultimate in natural aesthetics. Three shadedlayers of material, four-part moulds and a com-bined Vita® and Bioform® shade system createsuperb naturalness(1). Made of IPN hardenedplastic, these teeth mimic the gradual wear oftooth enamel. All Portrait Anteriors are avail-able in 27 shades, the first 16 cross referenced tothe Vita “four hue group” arrangement. The 27

shades are P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4, P11, P12, P13,P14, P21, P22, P23, P24, P32, P33, P34, P59,P62, P65, P66, P67, P69, P77, and P81.Portrait IPN is also available in three whiteshades, PW2, PW4 and PW7. Portrait IPNAnteriors are available in 42 upper and 20lower moulds.

(1)Vita is not a trademark of DENTSPLY.

26

VIII. TRUBYTE DENTURE TEETH

TRUBYTE® PORCELAIN ANTERIORS

Trubyte® Bioblend® Multi Blended Vacuum Fired Porcelain Anteriors

Trubyte Bioblend anteriors are produced bythe exclusive and patented Trubyte BioformVacuum Firing Process, creating a densestrong porcelain closely resembling the physi-cal and optical qualities of living teeth.Bioblend colors are internally blended and areprojected outward through layers of translu-cent enamel duplicating closely the effect ofnatural teeth. As in natural teeth, the colorintensity increases from incisal to gingival, andprogressively from central to lateral to canine.As a result of translucency that extends across

the incisal and up the proximals, they have theability of natural teeth to pick up, reflect andrefract the light from all surroundings. TrubyteBioblend anteriors’ natural fluorescence permitthe teeth to retain their life-like colors under alllighting conditions. Available in 42 uppermoulds and 16 lower moulds, TrubyteBioblend anteriors incorporate all of the subtlemarkings found in the Trubyte Bioform mouldsystem, classified in 7 basic outline face forms.Shade Range 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109,110, 112, 113, 114, 116, 118.

The Trubyte® Bioblend®

Blend Selector is used by thedentist to select colors forTrubyte® Bioblend®

Porcelain Anteriors.

Trubyte® Bioform® Vacuum Fired Porcelain Anteriors

Trubyte Bioform anteriors are reproductions ofattractive natural teeth. They are the first sys-tem of teeth designed to harmonize with theoutline face form, profile, and cheek planes.

Trubyte Bioform anteriors contain four toseven different porcelains within each toothwhich vary in pigmentation and translucency.Their natural translucency has the ability toabsorb, reflect and refract light rays, and mir-ror the color of the adjacent teeth. Bioform

anteriors provide vital life-like teeth for bothcomplete and partial dentures. Controlled nat-ural fluorescence give Trubyte Bioform anteri-ors vitality under any lighting conditions.There are 51 upper and 24 lower porcelainmoulds and 40 upper and 20 lower plasticmoulds in 7 basic outline forms. There are 14shades available. The range is B59, B62, B65,B66, B67, B69, B77, B81, B51, B52, B55,B91, B94, and B95.

TRUBYTE® BIOFORM®

45F B65The Trubyte® Bioform® Porcelain Shade Guide is used by thedentist to select shades for Trubyte® Bioform® PorcelainAnteriors.

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Trubyte® Biotone® Plastic Anteriors

Trubyte Biotone Anteriors are available in 29upper and 17 lower moulds taken from thepopular New Hue mould system. Ten Biotoneshades are sufficient for the majority of partial

and complete denture requirements. Shadesare 59P, 61P, 62P, 65P, 66P, 67P, 68P, 69P, 77Pand 81P.

Trubyte® Classic® Plastic Anteriors

Classic Plastic Teeth are available in 22 upperand 13 lower anterior moulds in 8 natural toothshades: 59C, 62C, 65C, 66C, 67C, 69C, 77Cand 81C; 16 A1-D4 Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5,A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3,D4; 1 Bleached Shade CW2.

Trubyte® New Hue® Plastic Anteriors

New Hue Plastic Teeth are available in 20upper and 13 lower anteriors moulds and thefollowing New Hue shades: 59, 61, 62, 65, 66,67, 69, 77, 81 and 87.

TRUBYTE® BIOTONE®

3N UPPER 65P

CLASSIC® PLASTIC

135 UPPER 67C

NEW HUE® PLASTIC

A25 UPPER 67

The Trubyte® Biotone® Shade Guide is used by the dentist toselect Trubyte® Biotone® Anterior Shades.

The Classic™ Shade Guide is used to select shades for ClassicAnteriors and Posteriors.

The Trubyte® New Hue® Plastic Shade Guide is used by the den-tist to select shades for Trubyte® New Hue® teeth.

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Trubyte® Bioblend® Multi-Blended Plastic Anteriors

Trubyte Bioblend Anteriors are available in 12natural, multi-blended shades. A highly char-acterized tooth, each is blended within a set.Canines are darker than centrals, and lateralsare slightly grayer to mimic the shading of nat-ural teeth. Bioblend anteriors are available incards of 6 teeth. Each tooth form (central, lat-eral, and canine) is carded as a pair for further

user customization. Bioblend Anteriors areavailable in hardened plastic IPN (for addedwear resistance) and conventional plasticmaterial. These blends are available in thesame range of 42 upper and 16 lower mouldsas Bioblend Porcelain. Shade range: 100, 102,104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116,118.

The Trubyte® Bioblend® Blend Selectoris used by the dentist to select colors forTrubyte® Bioblend® IPN® and PlasticAnteriors.

Trubyte® Bioblend® IPN® Plastic Anteriors

Trubyte® Bioform® IPN® Plastic Anteriors

Bioform IPN and Bioform Plastic Anteriors are bothavailable in 40 upper and 20 lower moulds. Each mouldis an exact duplicate of a natural tooth. Bioform IPNAnteriors are available in select shades. See IPN chartfor specific shades.

21D B65

Trubyte® Bioform® Plastic Anteriors

The Trubyte® Bioform® Plastic Color Ordered Shade Guideis used by the dentist to select Bioform® IPN® and PlasticShades.

Regular Bioform Plastic Anteriors are available in 14Bioform shades: B51, B52, B55, B59, B62, B65, B66,B67, B69, B77, B81, B91, B94, B95.

TRUBYTE® BIOFORM®

42F PLASTIC B62

32M TRUBLEND® SLM® 33° T15


32M BIOFORM® VF 33° POST. B65


TRUBYTE® 33° POSTERIORSTrubyte 33° posteriors have fully formedcusps, similar to those found in healthy, youngadults. The cuspal design helps to shear andtear food efficiently and is ideal for partial andfull denture construction, as well as dentureswhich oppose natural teeth. Trubyte 33°

Posteriors are available in Trublend® SLM®

Plastic, Vacuum Fired Porcelain, IPN®Hardened Plastic, Biotone Blended Plastic,New Hue Plastic and Classic® Plastic.

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)

Trubyte® Vacuum Fired 33° Posteriors (Porcelain)

32M B3IPN 33IPN 33°° ® ®

32M B3P13

P13

IPN 33IPN 33°° ® ®

Trublend SLM 33° Posteriors areavailable in 3 moulds: 30M, 32M,and 34M, in 24 Trublend shades: T1,T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17,T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24.

Trubyte 33° Vacuum Fired PorcelainPosteriors are available in 13 moulds:28S, 28M, 28L, 30S, 30M, 30L, 32S,32M, 32L, 32X, 34S, 34M, and 34L,in 7 Trubyte Bioform shades. Shaderange B62, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77,B81.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Portrait IPN 33° Posteriorsare available in 4 moulds: 30M, 30L,32M, 32L, 34M and 34L, in all 27Portrait Shades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4,P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23,P24, P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65,P66, P67, P69, P77, P81, PW2, PW4and PW7.

32M B3

P13

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® Lingualized 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Portrait IPN Lingualized 33°Posteriors are available in 3 moulds:30L, 32L, 34L in all 27 Portraitshades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4, P11,P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23, P24,P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65, P66,P67, P69, P77, P81, PW2, PW4 andPW7.

3130

SELECTION OF POSTERIOR TEETHIN DENTURE CONSTRUCTION

TRUBYTE® 40° POSTERIORS

ANATOMICAL POSTERIORSAnatomical Posteriors – (Artificial teeth which have fully formed cusps, similar tothose found in healthy young adults.)

Reported Uses:

• For patients whose condylar movements indicate a high cusp tooth.

• For younger denture patients whose natural teeth were still fully formed.

• For single dentures opposing fully formed natural teeth.

• For partial dentures.

• For use in dental techniques requiring a high or full cusp.

Trubyte® 40° teeth are fully anatomical poste-riors designed in Europe, and made in York,PA. The wider occlusal table integrates betterwith the natural dentition and includes a longercrown form ideal for partial and combination

cases. Euroline posteriors offer steep cuspangles and secondary detail for a ‘young’ toothdesign. EuroLine posteriors are available inIPN hardened plastic material.

To satisfy both the requirements of denturepatients of differing ages, supporting struc-tures, health and dental history, and the

requirements of differing dental techniques,several occlusal forms of posteriors are pro-duced:

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® EuroLine™ 40° Posteriors (Plastic)Portrait IPN EuroLine Posteriorsare available in 3 moulds: 730, 732,and 734, in 27 Portrait shades: P1,P2, P3, P3.5, P4, P11, P12, P13,P14, P21, P22, P23, P24, P32, P33,P34, P59, P62, P65, P66, P67, P69,P77, P81, PW2, PW4, PW7.

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30M CLASSIC™ PLASTIC 33° POST. 65C

30M CLASSIC™ PLASTIC 33° POST. 65C

Trubyte® Bioform® IPN® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Bioform IPN 33° Poste-riorare available in 6 moulds: 30M, 30L,32M, 32L, 34M, and 34L, in 24Trubyte Bioform Plastic ColorOrdered shades. Shade range B51,B52, B53, B54, B55, B56, B59, B62,B63, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, B81,B83, B84, B85, B91, B92, B93, B94,B95, B96.

34L BIOTONE® BLENDED 33° POST. 65P

34L BIOTONE® BLENDED 33° POST. 65P

32M BIOFORM® IPN® 33° POST. B65


Trubyte® Biotone® Blended® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Biotone Blended 33°Posteriors are available in 9 moulds(including 3 special moulds designedwith a “scooped out” ridge lap, whichsaves grinding time on partial andclose bite cases): 30M, 30L, 30LS,32M, 32L, 32LS, 34M, 34L, and34LS, in 7 Trubyte Biotone shades.Shade range 62P, 65P, 66P, 67P, 69P,77P, 81P.

Trubyte® Classic® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Classic 33° Posteriors areavailable in 9 moulds: 30M, 30L,30LS, 32M, 32L, 32LS, 34M, 34L,and 34LS, in 8 original Classicshades: 59C, 62C, 65C, 66C, 67C,69C, 77C, 81C; 16 A1-D1 Shades:A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3,B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, D4. 1Bleached shade: CW2

32M NEW HUE® PLASTIC 33° POST. 62


Trubyte® New Hue® 33° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte New Hue 33° PlasticPosteriors are available in 9 moulds:30M, 30L, 30LS, 32M, 32L, 32LS,34M, 34L, and 34LS, in 10 New Hue“porcelain” shades. Shade range: 59,61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 77, 81, and 87.

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PILKINGTON-TURNER® 30° POSTERIORS

Pilkington-Turner® 30° Vacuum Fired Posteriors (Porcelain)

Pilkington-Turner 30° Posteriors are mechani-cally designed and carved to give maximumchewing efficiency with ease of set-up. Anample food table with extremely narrowocclusal contact provides precise cutting actionand the mechanical design makes these poste-rior teeth very easy to set-up. In nature when aperson smiles the upper premolars slope

inward from the gingival to the occlusal. P.T.’sare designed to simulate this valuable estheticconsideration. They are carved with a 5° built-in buccal slope.

Pilkington-Turner 30° Posteriors are availablein Trubyte Vacuum Fired Porcelain, Trublend®

SLM® and in Bioform IPN Plastic.

230M BIOFORM® P-T® VF POST. B67

230M BIOFORM® P-T® VF POST. B67

230L TRUBLEND® SLM® 30° P.T. T15

230L TRUBLEND® SLM® 30° P.T. T15

230M BIOFORM® IPN P-T® 30° POST. B65

230M BIOFORM® IPN P-T® 30° POST. B65

Pilkington-Turner 30° Vacuum FiredPorcelain Posteriors are available in5 moulds, in 7 Trubyte BioformPorcelain Color Ordered Shades.Shade range B62, B65, B66, B67,B69, B77, and B81. (Available fordental schools only on Special Orderbasis.)

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® 30° Pilkington-Turner® Posteriors (Plastic)Pilkington-Turner SLM 30° Pos-teriors are available in 3 moulds:230M, 230L, and 233M, in 24Trublend shades: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20,T21, T22, T23, T24.

Trubyte® Bioform® IPN® Pilkington-Turner® 30° Posteriors (Plastic)

Trubyte Bioform IPN Pilkington-Turner 30° Posteriors are available in6 moulds (1 with scooped-out ridge-lap): 230S, 230M, 230L, 233M,233L, and 230LS, in 8 TrubyteBioform Plastic Color OrderedShades. Shade range: B59, B62, B65,B66, B67, B69, B77, and B81.

536 BioStabil® IPN® POST. 109

SEMI-ANATOMICAL POSTERIORSSemi-Anatomical Posteriors – Artificial teethwhich simulate partially worn natural posteri-or teeth and which have a semi-mechanical

design on the occlusal surface to aid in masti-cation.

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® 22° BioStabil® Posteriors (Plastic)BioStabil SLM 22° Posteriors areavailable in 4 moulds: 530, 532, 533,and 536, in 24 Trublend shades: T1,T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10,T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17,T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24.Trubyte® Bioblend IPN®

22° BioStabil® Posteriors (Plastic)BioStabil IPN Posteriors are availablein 4 moulds: 530, 532, 533, and 536, inall 12 Bioblend color blends: 100, 102,104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114,116, 118.

Trubyte 20° Posteriors – To make up for thereduced cusp height, inter-acting occlusal ridgeswere carved to help shear food and maintain a highdegree of chewing efficiency. Ample sluicewaysprovide escape routes for food and prevent foodpacking, making the 20° posterior self-cleansingand food deflecting. The modified cusps of 20° pos-

teriors were designed to give minimum interferencein lateral excursions (side to side movement) yetthe mechanical design allows proper chewing offood.

20° posteriors are available in Trubyte VacuumFired Porcelain, Trublend SLM Plastic, IPN®

Hardened Plastic, Bioform Plastic, Dentron

TRUBYTE® BIOSTABIL® POSTERIORSTrubyte BioStabil Posterior Teeth are a beauti-fully carved tooth form with moderatelyinclined cuspal slopes. Their natural anatomicform makes them esthetically and functionallywell suited for use in complete dentures, as

well as for removable partial dentures. Theyare the only posteriors available in all twelveBioblend IPN plastic blends and TrublendSLM Plastic.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 22° BioStabil® Posteriors (Plastic)

Available in 4 moulds: 530, 532, 533, 536.27 Portrait Shades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4,P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23, P24,P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65, P66, P67,P69, P77, P81, PW2, PW4 and PW7.

532 TRUBLEND® SLM® 22° BioStabil® T12

532 TRUBLEND® SLM® 22° BioStabil® T12



TRUBYTE® 20° POSTERIORSTrubyte 20° Posteriors – To make up for thereduced cusp height, inter-acting occlusal ridgeswere carved to help shear food and maintain a highdegree of chewing efficiency. Ample sluicewaysprovide escape routes for food and prevent foodpacking, making the 20° posterior self-cleansingand food deflecting. The modified cusps of 20°posteriors were designed to give minimum interfer-

ence in lateral excursions (side to side movement)yet the mechanical design allows proper chewing offood.

20° posteriors are available in Trubyte VacuumFired Porcelain, Trublend SLM Plastic, IPN®

Hardened Plastic, Bioform Plastic, Dentron Plastic,New Hue Plastic and Classic Plastic.

34

31M A3

31M A3

35







Trubyte® Vacuum Fired 20° Posteriors (Porcelain)Trubyte 20° Vacuum Fired Posteriorsare available in 9 moulds: 29S, 29M,29L, 31S, 31M, 31L, 33S, 33M, and33L, in 8 Bioform Porcelain ColorOrdered shades. Shade range B59,B62, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, andB81.

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® 20° Posteriors (Plastic)20° Posteriors are available in 4moulds: 29M, 29L, 31M, and 33M, in24 Trublend shades: T1, T2, T3, T4,T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12,T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19,T20, T21, T22, T23, T24.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 20° Posteriors (Plastic)

Trubyte Portrait IPN 20° Posteriorsare available in 5 moulds: 29M, 29L,31M, 33M, and 35M, in all 27Portrait Shades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4,P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23,P24, P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65,P66, P67, P69, P77, P81, PW2, PW4and PW7.Trubyte® Bioform IPN® 20°

Trubyte® Bioform® IPN 20°Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Bioform IPN 20° PlasticPosteriors are available in 8 moulds:29S, 29M, 29L, 31S, 31M, 31L, 33M,and 33L, in 24 Bioform Plastic ColorOrdered Shades. Shade range B51,B52, B53, B54, B55, B56, B59, B62,B63, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, B81,B83, B84, B85, B91, B92, B93, B94,B95, B96.

P3

P3

Trubyte 20° Vacuum Fired Posteriorsare available in 9 moulds: 29S, 29M,29L, 31S, 31M, 31L, 33S, 33M, and33L, in 8 Bioform Porcelain ColorOrdered shades. Shade range B59,B62, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, andB81.

Trubyte Portrait IPN 20° Posteriors areavailable in 7 moulds: 29M, 29L, 31M,31L, 33M, 33L and 35M, in all 27Portrait Shades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4,P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23,P24, P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65,P66, P67, P69, P77, P81, PW2, PW4and PW7.

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F34 FUNCTIONAL® VF POST. B65

F34 FUNCTIONAL® VF POST. B65

Trubyte® Vacuum Fired Functional® Posteriors (Porcelain)Trubyte Vacuum Fired FunctionalPosteriors are available in 4 moulds:F30, F32, F33, and F34, in 8 BioformPorcelain shades. Shade range B62,B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, B81, andB82.

Trubyte® Biotone® Functional® Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Biotone Functional Pos-teri-ors are available in 4 moulds: F30,F32, F33, and F34, in 8 BiotoneBlended Plastic shades. Shade range59P, 62P, 65P, 66P, 67P, 69P, 77P, and81P.

F32 BIOTONE® FUNCTIONAL® POST. 62P

F32 BIOTONE® FUNCTIONAL® POST. 62P

Trubyte SLM and IPN Anatoline Posteriors have an innovative shallow cusp occlusal design.

TRUBYTE® ANATOLINE®

POSTERIORS

TRUBYTE® FUNCTIONAL POSTERIORSTrubyte Functional posteriors look like well-worn natural teeth, but provide the function ofmechanical or flat plane posteriors. Long firstpremolars produce more natural esthetics andno pronounced “drop-off” from the naturally

long canine to the first premolars. TrubyteFunctional Posteriors are available in VacuumFired Porcelain, Blended Plastic, and New HuePlastic.

F32 NEW HUE® PLASTIC 10° POST. 62

F32 NEW HUE® PLASTIC 10° POST. 62

F30 CLASSIC® PLASTIC 10° POST. 65C

F30 CLASSIC® PLASTIC 10° POST. 65C

Trubyte New Hue 10° PlasticPosteriors are available in 3 moulds:F30, F32, and F33, in New Hue“porcelain” shades. Shade range 59,61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 77, 81 and 87.

Trubyte Classic 10° Posteriors areavailable in 3 moulds: F30, F32, andF33, in 8 original Classic shades.59C, 62C, 65C, 66C, 67C, 69C, 77C,81C, 16 A1-D4 Shades: A1, A2, A3,A3.5, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2,C3, C4, D2, D3, D4; 1 BleachedShade CW2.

Trubyte® New Hue® 10° Posteriors (Plastic)

Trubyte® Classic® 10° Posteriors (Plastic)

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33M BIOFORM® 20° PLASTIC POST. 365

33M BIOFORM® 20° PLASTIC POST. 365

29M DENTRON® POST. 65

29M DENTRON® POST. 65



29L CLASSIC® PLASTIC 20° POST. 65C

29L CLASSIC® PLASTIC 20° POST. 65C

Trubyte® Bioform® 20°Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Bioform 20° PlasticPosteriors are available in 8 moulds:29S, 29M, 29L, 31S, 31M, 31L, 33M,and 33L, in 8 Trubyte Bioform PlasticColor Ordered Shades. Shade rangeB59, B62, B65, B66, B67, B77, andB81.

Trubyte® Dentron® 20° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Dentron 20° Plastic Posteriorsare available in 6 moulds: 29M, 29L,31M, 31L, 33M, and 33L, in 8 TrubyteBiotone shades. Shade range 59, 62,66, 67, 69, 77, and 81.

Trubyte® New Hue® 20° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte New Hue 20° PlasticPosteriors are available in 5 moulds:29M, 29L, 31M, 31L, and 33M, in 10New Hue “porcelain” shades. Shaderange 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 77, 81and 87.

Trubyte® Classic® 20° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Classic 20° Posteriors areavailable in 5 moulds: 29M, 29L,31M, 31L, and 33M, in 8 originalClassic shades. 59C, 62C, 65C, 66C,67C, 69C, 77C, 81C; 16 A1-D4Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, B2,B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, D4;1 Bleached Shade CW2.

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Anatoline 10° Posteriors are availablein 3 moulds: 330, 332, and 334, in 24Trublend shades: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20,T21, T22, T23, T24.

Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® 10° Anatoline® Posteriors (Plastic)

Trubyte SLM and IPN Anatoline Posteriorshave an innovative shallow cusp occlusaldesign. The pre-milled cusps minimize inter-ferences yet permit a definite point of centricand a slight protrusive lift for overbite wheredesired.

For complete dentures, Anatoline posteriors

may be set in linear occlusion with a compen-sating curve. In occlusion, the upper lingualcusps form a “lingual knife” for superior cut-ting efficiency. The buccal surfaces automati-cally create proper buccal curvature.

SLM and IPN material assure unsurpassedwear resistance and surface luster retention.

TRUBYTE® ANATOLINE® POSTERIORS

332 TRUBLEND® SLM® 10° Anatoline® T12

332 TRUBLEND® SLM® 10° Anatoline® T12

332 A3

332 A3

P3

P3

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 10° Anatoline Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Portrait IPN 10° AnatolinePosteriors are available in 4 moulds:330, 332, 334, and 336, in all 24Portrait Shades: P1, P2, P3, P3.5, P4,P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23,P24, P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65,P66, P67, P69, P77, and P81, PW2,PW4 and PW7.

Trubyte® IPN® Anatoline® Posteriors (Plastic)330 BIOFORM IPN ANATOLINE POST. B67

330 BIOFORM IPN ANATOLINE POST. B67

IPN 10IPN 10°° ANATOLINEANATOLINE® ® ®

IPN 10IPN 10°° ANATOLINEANATOLINE® ® ®

Trubyte IPN Anatoline PlasticPosteriors are available in 3 moulds:330, 332, and 334, in 24 BioformPlastic Color Ordered shades.Shade range B51, B52, B53, B54,B55, B56, B59, B62, B63, B65,B66, B67, B69, B77, B81, B83,B84, B85, B91, B92, B93, B94,B95, B96.

TRUBYTE® PORTRAIT® IPN® 0° POSTERIORS

MECHANICAL FLAT-PLANEOR NON-ANATOMICAL POSTERIORSArtificial teeth designed without cuspal promi-nences on the masticating surface and in whichmechanical designs have been carved in the

occlusal surfaces to aid in chewing efficiency.

Reported Uses:

– For older patients whose natural teeth have worn down to a flat or nearlyflat surface.

– Patients whose supporting structures are insufficient to operate eitheranatomical or semi-anatomical posterior forms.

– In dental techniques which indicate a mechanical or flat plane posteriortooth, such as lingualized occlusion.

Portrait IPN 0° Posteriors are flat plane teeththat give the illusion of anatomical posteriorswith minimal interference. A wider bucco-lin-gual table promotes efficient function and easeof set-up.

Open occlusal angles are ideal for lingualized

set-up with semi or fully anatomical upperposteriors, especially “even-dimensioned”Anatoline® 10° and 33° posteriors.

Portrait IPN 0° Posteriors present an improvedoverall buccal and anatomical appearancecompared to other 0° posteriors.

IPN 0IPN 0°° ® ® 632 P62

632 P62

Trubyte Portrait IPN Lingualized posteriors areavailable in 0˚, 22˚, and 33˚ mould combinations.See table. And in 27 Portrait shades: P1, P2, P3,P3.5, P4, P11, P12, P13, P14, P21, P22, P23, P24,P32, P33, P34, P59, P62, P65, P66, P67, P69, P77,P81, PW2, PW4 and PW7.Productive occlusal pattern with active sluice waysmoves food through mastication.

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Trubyte Portrait IPN 0° posteriorsare available in 3 moulds: 630, 632,and 634, in 27 Portrait shades: P1,P2, P3, P3.5, P4, P11, P12, P13,P14, P21, P22, P23, P24, P32, P33,P34, P59, P62, P65, P66, P67, P69,P77, P81, PW2, PW4 and PW7.

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 0° Posteriors

IPN 0IPN 0°° ® ®

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® Lingualized Posteriors

Trubyte® Biotone® Rational® Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Biotone Plastic RationalPosteriors are available in 6 moulds:29M, 29L, 31M, 31L, 33M, and 33L,in 7 Biotone shades. Shade range 62P,65P, 66P, 67P, 77P, and 81P.

31L BIOTONE® RATIONAL® POST. 67P

31L BIOTONE® RATIONAL® POST. 67P

Trubyte® New Hue 0° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte New Hue 0° PlasticPosteriors are available in 3 moulds:29M, 31M, and 33M, in 10 New Hue“porcelain” shades. Shade range 59,61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 77, 81 and 87.



33M CLASSIC® PLASTIC 0° POST. 65C

33M CLASSIC® PLASTIC 0° POST. 65C

Trubyte® Classic 0° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte Classic 0° Posteriors areavailable in 3 moulds: 29M, 31M,and 33M, in 8 Classic shades. 59C,62C, 65C, 66C, 67C, 69C, 77C, 81C,16 A1-D4 Shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5,A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4,D2, D3, D4; 1 Bleached ShadeCW2.

Trubyte Biotone Rational Block Posteriors arefour teeth (first and second premolars and firstand second molars) joined together. Each setconsists of two blocks (right and left). BiotoneRational Block Posteriors have been most suc-cessful as a time saver for dentists and laborato-

ries processing a large volume of dentures sinceset-up time is reduced by setting four teeth atonce. Trubyte Rational Block posteriors areavailable in 2 moulds: 31L and 33M, in 6Biotone shades. Shade range 62P, 65P, 66P, 67P,69P, and 77P.

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33M BIOTONE® RATIONAL® BLOCK POST. 77P

33M BIOTONE® RATIONAL® BLOCK POST. 77P

Trubyte® Biotone® Rational® 0° Block Posteriors (Plastic)

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Trubyte® Trublend® SLM® Monoline® Posteriors (Plastic)

TRUBYTE® MONOLINE® 0°POSTERIORS

Trubyte Monoline 0° Posteriors are flat planeposteriors with anatomical buccal carvingsthat give the illusion of natural cusps.

Long first premolars eliminate the “drop off”between canine and premolar. The maxillarypremolars have a buccal slope which helps

prevent cheek biting.Monoline posteriors have non-interferingcusps which provide complete freedom ofmovement in lateral excursions. Occlusalsluiceways and deep fossae enhance chewingefficiency.

Available in IPN and SLM, both materialsassure unsurpassed wear resistance and sur-face luster retention.

Monoline 0° Posteriors are availablein 3 moulds: 429, 431, and 433, in 24Trublend shades: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13,T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19, T20,T21, T22, T23, T24.

431 TRUBLEND® SLM® 0° Monoline® T10

431 TRUBLEND® SLM® 0° Monoline® T10

429 BIOFORM IPN MONOLINE POST. B67

429 BIOFORM IPN MONOLINE POST. B67

Trubyte® IPN® Monoline® 0° Posteriors (Plastic)Trubyte IPN Monoline 0° Posteriorsare available in 3 moulds: 429, 431,and 433, in 24 Bioform Plastic ColorOrdered shades. Shade range B51,B52, B53, B54, B55, B56, B59, B62,B63, B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, B81,B83, B84, B85, B91, B92, B93, B94,B95, B96.

TRUBYTE® RATIONAL® POSTERIORSTrubyte Rational Posteriors are narrow bucco-lingual “inverted cusp” posteriors. A series ofinter-acting “V’s” were carved in the occlusalsurface to help shear and tear food efficiently.Ample escape routes are provided to preventfood packing. The cuspless design permitscomplete freedom in lateral excursions, and

the skilled carvings create the illusion of cuspsfor better esthetics.

Trubyte Rational Posteriors are available inVacuum Fired Porcelain, Blended Plastic,“Block Form” Plastic and New Hue Plastic.

33M RATIONAL® VF POST. B77

33M RATIONAL® VF POST. B77

Trubyte® Rational® Vacuum Fired Posteriors (Porcelain)Trubyte Vacuum Fired RationalPosteriors are available in 7 moulds:29M, 29L, 31M, 31L, 33M, and 33L,in 7 Bioform Porcelain ColorOrdered shades. Shade range B62,B65, B66, B67, B69, B77, and B81.

TRUBYTE® MONOLINE® 0° POSTERIORSTrubyte Monoline 0° Posteriors are flat planeposteriors with anatomical buccal carvingsthat give the illusion of natural cusps.

Long first premolars eliminate the “drop off”between canine and premolar. The maxillarypremolars have a buccal slope which helpsprevent cheek biting.Monoline posteriors have non-interfering

cusps which provide complete freedom ofmovement in lateral excursions. Occlusalsluiceways and deep fossae enhance chewingefficiency.

Available in IPN and SLM, both materialsassure unsurpassed wear resistance and sur-face luster retention.

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SUMMARY OF TRUBYTE® POSTERIORSSLM® Biotone®/ New Hue®/ VacuumIPN® Bioform® Dentron® Classic® Fired

Plastic Plastic Plastic Plastic Porcelain

Anatomical40° EuroLine™ (IPN only) •33° / Lingualized • • • •30° P-T • •Semi-Anatomical22° BioStabil® / Lingualized •20° • • • • •0° Anatoline® •10° Functional® • • •Flat PlanePortrait® IPN® 0° /Lingualized •0° Monoline® •0° Rational® • •0° Rational Block •

IIXX.. SSHHAADDEE GGUUIIDDEE SSUUMMMMAARRYYThe chart shown below is a reference of Trubyte Shade Guides or Blend Selectors to individual lines ofTrubyte anteriors and posteriors. Each of the major Trubyte Shade Guides is listed in the left columnwith those lines of teeth which may be selected from that shade guide listed to the right.

SHADE GUIDE ORBLEND SELECTOR Porcelain Plastic Porcelain Plastic

Trubyte® Trublend® Trublend® Trublend® SLM® 33°SLM® Shade Guide SLM® Trublend® SLM® 30°

Pilkington-Turner®Trublend® SLM® 22°

BioStabil®Trublend® SLM® 20°Trublend® SLM® 10°

Anatoline®

Trublend® SLM® 0°Monoline®

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® Portrait® Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 40°Shade Guide IPN® EuroLine™

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 33°Trubyte® Portrait® IPN®

Lingualized 33°Trubyte® Portrait® IPN®

Lingualized 22°Trubyte® Portrait® IPN®

Lingualized 0°Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 20°Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 10°

Anatoline®

Trubyte® Portrait® IPN® 0°Trubyte® Bioblend® Trubyte® Trubyte® BioStabil® IPN®

IPN® Blend Selector Bioblend®

Trubyte®

Bioblend®

IPN®

Trubyte® Bioblend® Trubyte®

Blend Selector Bioblend®

Trubyte® Bioform® Trubyte® Trubyte® Trubyte Pilkington- Trubyte® IPN® 33°Shade Guide Bioform® Bioform® Turner® V.F. 30° Trubyte® IPN® 30°

Trubyte® New Trubyte® Trubyte® V.F. 33° Pilkington-Turner®Hue® Vacuum Bioform® Trubyte® V.F. 20° Trubyte® Bioform® 20°Fired IPN® Trubyte® V.F. Functional® Trubyte® IPN® 20°

Trubyte® V.F. Rational® Trubyte® IPN® 10°Anatoline®

Trubyte® IPN® 0°Monoline®

Trubyte® New Hue® Trubyte® Trubyte® New Hue® 33°Plastic Shade Guide New Hue® Trubyte® New Hue® 20°

Trubyte® New Hue® 10°Trubyte® New Hue® 0°

Trubyte® Biotone® Trubyte® Trubyte® Dentron® 20°Shade Guide Biotone® Trubyte® Biotone® 33°

Trubyte® Biotone®

Functional®Trubyte® Biotone®

Rational®Trubyte® Biotone®

Rational® BlockTrubyte® Classic® Trubyte® Trubyte® Classic® 33°Shade Guide Classic® Trubyte® Classic® 20°

Trubyte® Classic® 10°Trubyte® Classic® 0°

ANTERIORS POSTERIORS

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X. WORK AUTHORIZATION FORM

A “Work Authorization” is a writtenset of instructions provided by the den-tist to the dental laboratory describingwork or services to be performed.

The American Dental Association ison record with a policy which recom-mends that each State Dental PracticeAct require a written authorization fordental laboratory serv-ices. This hasbeen adopted by most state associa-tions and written instructions are nowrequired by 48 states.

Although the specific requirements ofvarious state laws vary, certain ele-ments of a work authorization arefound in most:

1. Name and address of person, firm orcorporation to which work order isdirected.

2. Patient’s name or identificationnumber.

3. Date on which work order was writ-ten.

4. Description of work to be done,including diagrams if necessary.

5. Specification of type and quality ofmaterials to be used.

6. Signature of dentist and number ofhis license.

In addition to its legal requirement, awork authorization, properly and fullycompleted, protects both the dentistand dental laboratory against the

“communications gap” which so often exists with oral instructions. In complete and partial den-ture construction, the work authorization should also include:

Specification of anterior and posterior mould and shade by brand name – Example:NNOOTT – Plastic Teeth, Shade 67.OORR EEVVEENN – Trubyte Plastic Teeth, Shade 67.BBUUTT – Trubyte Bioform IPN Anteriors, Shade B67, Mould 42F.

– Trubyte Bioform 20° IPN Posteriors.

Complete instructions, such as those provided in a properly filled out work authorization, are wel-come by ethical dental laboratories since they provide a “blueprint” which can add to the skill andcraftsmanship of the technician.

To the dentist, a completed work authorization is a guarantee that the desired teeth and materialsof choice are used rather than some other brand using the same numbering system but of inferiorquality.

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TRUBLEND® SLM® THE CLINICAL LIFETIME WARRANTY.*You’ve trusted Trubyte Teeth for years. Andwith good reason. As the world’s largest man-ufacturer of artificial denture teeth, we havealways emphasized quality control and prod-uct leadership. Now, for Trublend SLM teeth,we’ve created an unparalleled warranty.

If Trublend SLM teeth wear excessively, frac-ture, permanently discolor, or craze anytimewithin the clinical lifetime of the denture, we’llreplace them. And we’ll provide a certificate tobe given to the patient as testimony to the highquality of care they received.

TRUBYTE® IPN®... TEN-YEAR WARRANTY.*

Due to the exceptional durability of IPN ante-riors and posteriors, Dentsply was able tointroduce in 1989, the world’s first warrantyfor denture teeth against wear, breakage, dis-coloration, or crazing. Now that warranty hasbeen extended! If Trubyte IPN teeth do notperform as promised, Dentsply will providereplacement teeth free, provided:

• The prosthesis is a full denture (1x14 or1x28).

• All teeth in the denture are IPN teeth.• The denture was fabricated after October 1,

1987.• The denture was registered with Dentsply

by the participating dentist within 30 days ofinsertion.

• The denture was used only for its intendedpurpose without modification or abuse.

*Please note: The warranty applies only to the teeth and does not cover the lab fee for replacing the teeth, or the den-tists professional fee.

XI. TRUBYTE TOOTH WARRANTIES

First with a warranty; The only material with clinical success documenting it’s durability.(1)

CLINICAL LIFE

CLINICALLIFE

(1) Ogle, David, Ortman, “Clinical Wear Study of a New Tooth Material: Part II,” JPD, Vol. 54, No.1 (July 1985): 67-75. Ogle, Davis,“Clinical Wear Study of Three Commercially Available Artifical Tooth Materials: 36-Month Results,” JPD, Vol. 79, No. 2 (Feb. 1998) 145-152.

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