Pre To WWI NOTES Canada begins as this history as a part of Britain, and slowly moves away to become...
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Transcript of Pre To WWI NOTES Canada begins as this history as a part of Britain, and slowly moves away to become...
Pre To WWI NOTES
Canada begins as this history as a part of Britain, and slowly moves
away to become Canadian
You will not be able to watch the movie clips unless you’re at PGSS (it’s a server thing
SOCIAL Laurier’s Canada
• “Developing” Nation• + Birth rates • - Death rates • Literacy rates starting
to increase• + Urban population
(urban poor, starvation, squalor living)
SOCIAL Immigration
• CND v. Racist
• Afraid lose culture, jobs (+ #-- or afraid the higher the number, the more they’ll take over their culture)
SOCIAL Immigration
Clifford Sifton—fillin’ up west
• 1st “white” Americans• 2nd Europeans• 3rd Eastern
Europeans• Last = Asians &
Indians
Ch, Ja & In= cheaper & expendable labour
SOCIAL Head Tax
• Chinese forced to pay to get in ($50-$500)
• Chinese Exclusion Act—not allowed to enter CND at all
SOCIAL Vancouver Riot
• 30 000 people—Asiatic Exclusion League met in Vancouver
• Marched to Chinatown—smashed, stole, broke stores & belongings
• Went onto Japanese—aware—held back (warned)
SOCIAL Komagata Maru
• 376 Sikhs,
• continuous passage,
• not allowed off in Vancouver & forced to return to India
SOCIAL Women in Victorian Era
• Victorian Era—jobs = seamstresses & domestics
• Temperance movement prohibition
• Vote (Suffragette) • Vote 1st= Man, Sask,
Alta
SOCIAL First Nations
• Forced to live on Reserves
• Forced to attend Residential Schools—abuse, neglect, malnutrition,
• Whole process= assimilation
– Clip on restitution & on closing of church
ECONOMIC Global Economy
• CND exports—raw materials (primary, not much secondary, little tertiary)
• Biggest market = Br & USA
• Branch Plants get around Tariffs
INTERNATIONAL Causes of WWI
• Darwinism (survival of fittest)
• Nationalism (nation/ language/ traditions superior)
• Imperialism (bigger colony… no one could touch BR… sun not set)
INTERNATIONAL Causes of WWI
• Militarism (arms race… esp @ sea)
• Alliances – Triple Alliance (Ger,
It, A-H)– Triple Entente (Br, Fr,
Rus)
INTERNATIONAL Schlieffen Plan
• Ger- no 2 front war• Gen Schlieffen
makes plan• Go though neutral
Belguim• Sweep around and
take Paris• Everyone knows of
plan!
INTERNATIONAL Assassination
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot by Serbian “Black Hand”
• A-H send Serbia ultimatum (agreed to all but A-H send in officials to investigate assassination)
INTERNATIONAL Alliances Click
• A-H declares war on Serbia
• Serbia is protected by Russia
• Russia mobilizes for A-H
• Germany declares war on Russia
INTERNATIONAL Alliances Click
• France backs up Russia
• Germany attacks Belgium (to get to France)
• Britain defends Belgium and enters war
CANADA’S EXPERIENCE
• What did we learn from WWI?
• How did so many die?
• Why did we participate?
• What changed in Canada because of WWI?
INTERNATIONAL War on Land
• New Technology = suicide
• war of attrition
• Generals don’t understand new techniques needed
INTERNATIONAL Western Front
Trench Warfare=• Rats, • water, • trench foot, • little/ no food, • gas, • death, • smell, • No-man’s land, • bombing/ artillery, • shell-shock • Bayonet
CHRISTMAS
• 1914• Christmas at
Trenches• 1 day firing ended• Met at No-Man’s Land• Partied/ drank/ cards• Fired on at 12:01AM
next day• Ended because ‘hurt
morale’
SOCIAL Propaganda
• Stories sell idea • Ger killing babies• raping women
• CNDs cheering in street (parades) to go when war starts: want to get “Huns” & think will be over by Cmas
POLITICAL War Measures Act
• Gov’t can do what ever for success of war
• Lose freedoms to fight for freedom!
• “Enemy Aliens” Interned
ECONOMIC Industrial Production
• CND creates military weapons & equipment, like – airplanes, – shells and – ships
(300 000 employed in 1918)
INTERNATIONAL CND battle 1 Ypres
• Belgium• Chlorine Gas used
1st time • (urine on
handkerchiefs help CND)
• 5200 dead
INTERNATIONAL CND battle 2 Somme
• France• 57 470 CND & Br dead in
1st day!• 90% of NFLD & Labrador
soldiers killed at Beaumont Hamel
• battled lasted 5 months, 1.25 million killed on both sides
• Tanks used for 1st time (not well, stuck in mud)
INTERNATIONAL CND Battle 3 Vimy
• 100 000 CND (prepared for months) led by BYNG
• Few hours took more land than 1st 2 1/2 yrs of war
• When CND became nation
INTERNATIONAL CND battle 4 Passchendaele
• Bombed land during massive seasonal rain storms… land v. uneven and muddy
• Mud (soldiers drowned in it)
INTERNATIONAL War in Air
• Ger had more planes at beginning of war
• Zeppelins/ airships used for observation & bombing raids
• 1917 Allies have Sopwith Camel
INTERNATIONAL War in Air
• 1916 average life of pilot = 3 weeks
• Billy Bishop = top fighter Ace for ALL allies! (Victoria Cross)
• Captain Roy Brown shot down Red Baron
INTERNATIONAL War at Sea
• Lux liner Lusitania sunk, by Ger sub; 1198 dead (many US)—eventually brings US in war vs Ger
• Uboat try keep supplies away from Br (food, weapons, soldiers, etc)—stay submerged 2.5 hr, 35 men, 12 torpedoes
INTERNATIONAL War at Sea
• Jutland (Denmark), May ’16, 2 sides faced off
• ‘17 unrestricted sub warfare by Ger
• Br dev Convoy system
SOCIAL Halifax Explosion
• Mont Blanc (Fr) collided with Imo (Bel)
• huge explosion
• 2000 dead, thousands injured/ homeless
Cbc footage
AUTONOMY Conscription
• At 1st, thousands volunteeredNews of Trenches finally reaches home—few interested in fighting
• Bordon (PM) wants conscription
AUTONOMY Conscription
• Fr CND not see it as their fight (deserted by Fr, oppressed by Br), army all Eng (few Fr get high position)
• Farmers want to keep sons for labour
AUTONOMY Conscription
• Military Service Bill—men 20-45 must join army
• Riots in Montreal & Quebec City vs Conscription
• Left Canada a divided nation
• Did it work? 45 000 soldiers made it to front before end of war but not one died.
POLITICAL Election ‘17
• Liberals & Conservatives who wanted conscription joined and made UNION GOV’t
• Won huge majority but only 3 seats in Quebec
SOCIAL Women in WWI
• Nurses & ambulance drivers overseas
• Worked in munitions factories, drove busses & streetcars, in banks, on police forces and civil service jobs
SOCIAL Women in WWI
• SUFFRAGISTS: Dec ’17 Wartime Elections Act granted sisters, mothers & wives of soldiers the vote
First Free Enlightened Elector- " Watta you tinka dis votes for women?"
Second Free Enlightened Elector- "Tommyrot! Why, they've got to be eddicated up to it fust." Montréal Herald , November 26, 1913
INTERNATIONAL Russian Revolution
• Tsar Nicholas’ son haemophiliac
• Rasputin comes to help
• Tsar incompetent (but nice) & isolated, doesn’t realize things falling apart in Russia
• Bolsheviks come in, end involvement in war
INTERNATIONAL The Last 100 Days
• 1000s Ger soldiers, last ditch effort, pour into Fr before US too strong
• 80 km from Paris, CND, Allied & US troops with 500 tanks fight back
• Ger surrenders Nov 11, 1918 (11th hr, 11th day, 11th month)
AUTONOMY Treaty of Versailles
• Bordon insists we have our own seat (because of war effort)
• Big decisions made by Fr, Eng, USA
AUTONOMY Treaty of Versailles
• Wilson wants “League of Nations” to stop future wars
• Fr wants “reparations”
• Ger loses land, power, money, military rights
ECONOMIC Economic Growth
• Field crops increase 163%
• Fisheries increase 74%
• Forest products increase 70%
• Exports increase 223%