Pre-Pentium Intel Processors

4004

8008

8080

8086/8088

80186

80286

80386

80486

Early Processors

• 4004• First Intel Microprocessor

• 4-bit

• Arithmetic computation

• Ran at 108 kHz

• 8008• 8-bit

• Could do data and character manipulation

• Ran at 200 kHz

The 4004 processor

Early Processors

• 8080• Was used in the Altair, the first widely known PC

• Could use up to 64 kilobytes of memory

• Ran at 2 MHz

• 8086/8088• 8086 was slightly more powerful, but IBM choose the 8088 for it’s

first PC for cost reasons.

• Could use up to 1 megabyte of memory

• Ran at a max of 20 MHz

Early Processors

• 80186• Improved 8086 design

• Was first attempt by Intel at integrating chipsets and processors

• Used in primarily in disk controllers instead of PCs

• Max speed was 16 MHz

• 80286• Increased the number of address lines,

• raising the number of possible addresses from

• 1 MB to 16 MB’s

• Used by IBM in their IBM PC-AT computer

• Ran at a max of 20 MHz

The 80286 processor

80386 (1988)

• 1st 32-bit processor

• Could use a 16 byte cache

• 12.5 MHz – 33 MHz

• 16 Registers

• Flags in 32 bit register

• 275 K transistors

80486 (1991)

• Included math co-processor (DX only)

• 120 MHz

• Increased efficiency

• RISC

• 1.2 M transistors

Pentium® (1993)

• 75 – 233 MHz

• 2 instructions per clock cycle

• 64-bit data bus

• Equivalent to two 32 bit chips

• Heat issues

• Hardwired most used commands

• 3.1 M Transistors

Pentium Pro® (1995)

• RISC

• < 200 MHz

• 3 instructions per clock cycle

• 8K cache

• 486 emulator

• 5.5 M transistors

Pentium® II

• Has speeds of 233 MHz, 266 MHz, 300 MHz, 333 MHz, 350 MHz, 400 MHz, and 450 MHz

• “seamless combination of the P6 micro-architecture and Intel® MMX media enhancement technology”

• 512KB cache with a 64-bit cache bus

Celeron® and Xeon®

• Introduced in 1998• Celeron® has system bus

speeds of 66 MHz and 100 MHz

• Xeon® was made especially for servers

• Special Level 2 cache chip designed to run speeds in excess of 400 MHz

Pentium® III

• Released in 1999• 3 major different

models• Speeds ranging from

650 MHz to 1.3 GHz • First Intel processor to

reach 1 GHz speed

Pentium® 4

• Released in 2001

• Speeds ranging from 1.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz

• Intel® NetBurst™ Micro-architecture instead of P6 Micro-architecture