Pre – Feasibility Reportenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/District/... · PRE FEASIBILITY...

PRE FEASIBILITY REPORT

For Quarrying Building Stone

Over an extent of 4.90.27 Ha

S.Y.No.: 354/1/305,354/1/305/603 and 354/1/305/644,

At KARAVALLOOR VILLAGE, PUNALUR TALUK, KOLLAM

DISTRICT AND KERALA STATE

Of

Shri R. Raghulan Pillai S/o. Shri Raghavan Pillai,

No. 694, Bhavani Mandiram, 2, Panayam,

Thrikoyikkal, Eroor Post, Kollam District, Kerala State

Consultant

Aadhi Boomi Mining and Enviro Tech (P) Ltd.,

(QCI/NABET Accredited Organization)

3/216, K.S.V, Nagar, Narasothipatti,

Alagapuram (PO), Salem – 636004

Website: www.abmenvirotech.com

Email: [email protected]

Phone: +91427 2440446, 2444297

Pre Feasibility Report for Shri R. Raghulan Pillai, Kollam, Kerala

Consultant: Aadhi Boomi Mining and Enviro Tech (P) Ltd., Salem, TamilNadu

12

CONTENT

CHAPTER

NO.

CHAPTER NAME PAGE

NO.

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13

2 INTRODUCTION 15

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 18

4 SITE ANALYSIS 28

5 PLANNING BRIEF 38

6 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE 43

7 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT 45

8 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATES 46

9 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL 47



13

Chapte r 1 : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FEATURE DETAILS

Name of the Proponent

and address

Shri R.Raghulan Pillai S/o. Shri Raghavan

Pillai, No.694, Bhavani Mandiram, 2,

Panayam, Thrikoyikkal, Yeroor-Post,

Yeroor, Kollam district, Kerala State.

Mobile: +91 9447272096

Type of land Patta/

Forest/PWD

Private (Patta) land

Survey number 354/1/305, 354/1/305/603 and

354/1/305/644

Geographical features Co-ordinates:

09°0'13.42” to 09°0'21.39”N

76°54'6.54" to 76°54'20”E

Elevation: 96-160 m above MSL

(Toposheet No. 58 C/16)

Site Location Karavalloor village,

Punalur Taluk,

Kollam District,

Kerala State.

Type of Project Building stone Quarry

Mining lease area 4.90.27 Hectares

Geological Reserves 10,93,688 MT

Recoverable Reserves 914233 MT

Production 914233 MT for five years

@ 182847 MT/annum, 61 loads/day

Depth of Mining 51 m from hill top

Method of Mining Open cast semi mechanized mining

Category B2

Mining plan approval Eco-friendly Mining Plan for building stone

quarry approved by Geologist, Department

of Mining and Geology, District Office,

Kollam, Kerala vide Lr No.

3685/DOQ/S2/2016 dated 30/03/2017.

Period of Lease 5 years

Does it attract any

general conditions

specified in the EIA

notification, 2006?

No

Man Power 18 persons



14

Water requirement Total water requirement – 3.0 KLD

Drinking and Utilities 1.0 KLD

Dust suppression and Green Belt 2.0 KLD

Source: Mineral water supply and water

tank

EMP Cost Rs. 3.50 lakhs

Project Cost Rs. 68.70 lakhs

Nearest habitation Narikkal– 1 km (S)

Nearest Town Punalur – 3 km (NE)

Nearest Railway station

Nearest Airport Cochin – 100 km (W)

Nearest Hospital Chemmanthoor – 1.5 km (N)

Land use pattern

Description

Existing

Land use

(ha)

Land use

pattern at

the end of

5th Year

(Ha)

Area under

mining --- 4.20.55

Roads --- 0.05.50

Green belt and

Safety area --- 0.63.42

Labour shed --- 0.00.80

Virgin 4.90.27 ---

Total 4.90.27 4.90.27



15

Chapter 2 : INTRODUCTION

1.1. PROJECT AND THE PROPONENT

The proponent, Shri R.Raghulan Pillai, S/o. Shri Raghavan Pillai,

residing at No.694, Bhavani Mandiram, 2, Panayam, Thrikoyikkal,

Yeroor-Post, Yeroor, Kollam District had applied for quarrying building

stone located in S.Y.No. 354/1/305,354/1/305/603 and

354/1/305/644 which extends upto 4.90.27 hectares in the Karavalloor

Village, Punalur Taluk, Kollam District, Kerala.

For this quarrying project, Mining Plan was prepared under Rule

66 of Kerala Minor Minerals Concession Rules, (Amended 2015) and

Minor Mineral conservation and Development rule 2010 (Draft) for

quarrying the building stone with due consideration of environmental

parameters so as to obtain Environmental clearance (EC) and submitted

on 17/01/2017. Permission requested to quarry is for a period of Twelve

years.

The mining plan is approved by the Geologist, Department of

Mining and Geology, District Office, Kollam, Kerala vide Lr No.

3685/DOQ/S2/2016 dated 30/03/2017. Copy of the approval letter is

being attached in the additional documents Annexure I.

As per the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) notification,

2006 and its subsequent amendments and as per S.O. 141 (E) –

amendment notification dated 15.01.2016, the project area lesser than

25 Hectares are classified under B2 category for the purpose of

Environmental Clearance. Hence, this project falls under B2 Category

and require Environment Clearance (EC) from DEIAA/DEAC,

Pathanamthitta, Kerala.

1.2. NATURE OF THE PROJECT

The applied area is fresh lease. No explorations in the form of

boreholes/pits/ trenches are carried out. Since the quarry lease area is

exposed by Khondalite out crop and with in thin layer of topsoil.

Khondalite is a type of white granite of plutonic igneous origin, coarse to

fine grained nature, formed by molten magma. It is a type of deep seated

rock Hence detailed exploration does not required for this area and the

depth will extend beyond 50 metres, based on exposure along hill slopes.

Open cast, semi-mechanized mining will be adopted to extract

building stones of required size from the area for which lease applied for.



16

Aspects considered for quarrying are construction of semi-permanent

structures, planning for the development / production works, formation

of faces, laying of approach road to various benches for movement of

dumpers, recruitment of man power, deployment of machinery, selection

of dump sites, stacking yards etc. Top soil / overburden, weathered

materials shall be removed prior to development of working benches.

1.3. NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE

Building stones play a vital role in roads, concrete and building products.

They are used in walls and paving slabs as it is weather resistant and for

its aesthetic appeal. The aggregates of the stone is crushed and sorted

into various sizes for use in concrete, coated with bitumen to make

asphalt or used dry as bulk fill in construction because of its strong

physical properties. Thus mining of Building stones supports the country

in improving the infrastructure as well as the economy. It also supports

the day to day life by comforting the living environment.

1.4. DEMAND – SUPPLY GAP

As Building stone is a significant raw material in the construction sector,

the demand exists in the market throughout the year. Thus quarrying of

the mineral finds consumer easily in the local market.

1.5. IMPORT VS INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION

Building stone exists in the proposed site and does not require any raw

material to be imported for the production process. The extracted blocks

are broken into required size for selling. Send to crushers if required.

1.6. EXPORT POSSIBILITY

Not applicable since the project meets local demand only.

1.7. EMPLOYMENT

Manpower proposed to look after and carry out the day to day quarrying

activities at the proposed production complies with statutory provisions

of MMR 1961.The project extends employment to a total of 14 persons.

1.7.1. Management and Supervisory personal

a. Mining Engineer / Mines Manager - 1 Person

(First/ Second class Mines Manager Competency certificate holder)

b. Mines Foreman - 1 Person

(Foreman competency Certificate holder)



17

c. Mining Mate - 1 Person

(Mine Mate competency Certificate holder)

d. Register keeper (Workman cadre) - 1 Person

1.7.2. Labour

i) Skilled

Operator : 1 Person

ii) Semi-skilled

Driver : 2 Persons

iii) Un-skilled

Musdoors\ Labour : 7 Persons

Cleaners : 3 Persons

Register Keeper : 1 Person

-----------------------------------------

Total : 14 Persons

-----------------------------------------



18

Chapte r 3 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. TYPE OF PROJECT

The project involves quarrying of building stone blocks from the proposed

area by adopting eco-friendly and safer techniques. The building stones

are broken into required sizes and being sent to the market.

3.2. LOCATION

The area is represented by Survey of India Toposheet No. 58 C/16, the

location map is given in Plate 1 and figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: Location of the proposed quarry

The area lies in the northern latitude ranges from 09°0'13.41486”

to 09°0'21.39290” and eastern longitude from 76°54'6.53961" to

76°54'19.97132”. Figure 3.2 shows the lease boundary and Co-ordinates

of the pillars of the quarry on the Google earth image.



19

Table 2.1: Co-ordinates of the pillars

Pillar No. LATITUDE LONGITUDE

1 09o0’13.41486”N 76o54’7.65726”E

2 09o0’16.11587”N 76o54’7.70412”E

3 09o0’18.79060”N 76o54’6.53961”E

4 09o0’19.40741”N 76o54’6.83746”E

5 09o0’19.26001”N 76o54’8.27707”E

6 09o0’21.01174”N 76o54’11.26522”E

7 09o0’21.39290”N 76o54’19.35303”E

8 09o0’19.86760”N 76o54’19.97132”E

Figure 3.2: Lease boundary and pillars overlaid on the Google Earth

Image

3.3. ALTERNATIVE SITE

Since the project is site specific due to the availability of minerals, no

alternative sites proposed for this project.

3.4. PRODUCTION (SIZE OF OPERATION)

The proposed annual rate of production is about 1,82,847MT for the five

years period of mining plan. Production schedule is as given in table 3.1.



20

Table 3.1: Production proposed

Year Pit.

No Over Burden

ROM

(MT)

Saleable ore/

Mineral

@95% (MT)

First I 165160 192050 182448

Second I ---- 193325 183659

Third I ---- 192275 182661

Fourth I ---- 192500 182875

Fifth I ---- 192200 182590

TOTAL 165160 224652 962350

3.5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.5.1. Open cast working

Under, Reg.106 (2) (b) of MMR, 1961, the bench height is designed as 5m

and the bench width should not be less than bench height. The slope of

the benches should not exceed 60° from horizontal. As far as the mining

of Miner mineral is concerned, observance of provisions of the regulations

106 (2) (a) as above is seldom due to various inherent petro genetic and

mining difficulties. The bench height is designed equal to height of boom

of the excavator. Hence, the applicant is suitably directed to obtain

necessary relaxation from the chief inspector of mines, for which

provision is available within the regulation 106 (2) (a).

A bench height of 5m and a width not less than the height and ten

working benches, each with a height of 5m as equal to the height of the

excavator boom and the width more than 3 m is proposed to be

maintained for safe movement of machinery. The bench slope is

maintained not more than 60° from horizontal. The proposed Bench

dimension to be maintained in the five years period of mining plan is

described in the year-wise development/production schedule.

S1 fencing shall be constructed at the top of high benches in order

to safe guard the unauthorized entry of men and machinery. In the case

of entry and exit of pit(s), G1 fencing as a parapet should be made to

control tress passes.

3.5.2. Drilling

Drilling of shot-holes will be carried out by using a compressor and Jack

Hammers combination. Depth of holes shall be 1-2m.The spacing shall

be 0.75m and burden shall be 0.60m from the preface. To achieve a



21

correct blasting geometry certain amount of trial blast is prerequisite to

effect a perfect pre-determined fragmentation and fly rock control.

Table 3.2: Drilling Equipment

3.5.3. Blasting

To achieve a correct blasting geometry, certain amount of trial blast is

pre-requisite to effect a perfect pre-determined fragmentation and fly rock

control. In case of heavy blasting, a qualified Mines manager has to be

appointed for proper calculation of powder factor, control blasting,

sequencing and arrangements of explosives.

The massive formation shall be broken into pieces of portable size

by jack hammer drilling and shot hole blasting. Powder factor of

explosives for breaking such hard rock shall be in the order of 6-7 tonnes

per Kg of explosives. Explosives recommended for efficient blasting with

safe practice are in table 3.3. Blasting parameter proposed to be adopted

for shot holes shall be,

Depth (m) * Burden (m) * Spacing (m) = Volume (m3)

1.00 x 0.60 x 0.75 = 0.45 m3

Quantity of broken rock per hole (0.45 x 2.6) = 1.17 MT

Blasting efficiency @90% (1.17 x 90% ) = 1.05 MT/hole

Charge per hole =140 gm of 25 mm dia.

cartridge.

Quantity of rock broken per day = 609.49 M.T.

Requirement of explosives per day = 87 kg @ 7 M.T. per kg of

explosives

No. of holes to be drilled per day = 609.49/1.05=580Holes

Type No. Dia.of

hole

Bucket/

Capacity

(MT)

Make Motive

Power H.P

Jack

Hammer 4 19mm Hand held Atlas copco Air 45

Rock

Breaker 2 - - - - 80



22

Table 3.3: Recommended Explosives

S.No. Description Class /

Division Type Size

1. Slurry class - 3 Nitro compound 25 x 200

2. Detonators class - 6 Ordinary and Electric

(OD and ED) 6.5 x 32

3. Safety fuse class - 6

Div - 1

Blue sump fuse coils

of 10 mts each

Slurry explosives will be initiated directly by blue sump fuse with

ordinary detonators or electric detonators. The Powder factor for waste

rock development shall be 7 Tonnes per kg. of explosives.

3.5.3.1. Measures proposed to minimize ground vibration due to blasting

The following steps shall be adopted to control ground vibration during

blasting.

i. Geometry of blasting pattern like burden, spacing and inclination

of hole should be

Burden (m) * Spacing (m) - Inclination

0.60 x 0.75 - 70°

ii. High strength explosives like slurry in the form of cartridge should

be used. ANFO mixture for shot holes should not be used which

may cause huge fly rock fragments in view of critical diameter

problem.

iii. To control vibration abatement, use delay or relay arrangements

with specific charges

iv. Charge per hole should exceed the powder factor designed for each

hole based on quantum of blasting, strength of rocks, fracture

pattern etc.

v. In case any objection from the public, a long trench in the direction

of blasting near lease boundary may be opened to a depth of 2m to

control longitudinal waves (P-waves) to arrest any damage to

infrastructures.

vi. If any building lies within 50m, muffle blasting practice may be

followed in addition to the regular safety procedures and the

charge per blast hole shall not exceed 2kg as specified by DGMS.

vii. Any other method of safety measures shall be advised to the

Applicant as and when required by the qualified Mine Manager.



23

3.5.3.2. Storage of explosives

The Applicant is advised to store the explosives as per the Indian

Explosives Act, 1958 and the Explosive Rules,1983. Necessary

permissions should be obtained from the Joint Controller of Explosives to

store and uses of explosives in the quarry in the magazine permit under

Form -23 or Agreement shall be made with holder of Form-22 who can

supply and fire explosives as per safety practices. However blasting in the

mines or quarry shall be done as per the MMR, 1961 under the

supervision of Mines Blaster certificate holder, appointed under Reg.160

of Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1961.

3.5.4. Loading and Transportation

Loading of waste and reject materials shall be done by excavator into 15

tonners tippers from the working place periodically. Such waste and

building stones shall be dumped in the site earmarked for dumping as

shown in the Plates VII and IX. The applicant is proposed to engage one

hydraulic excavator with 1.2 Metric tons capacity and two tippers of

15tonnes capacity for internal transport of rejects from the working face

to the dumps. Details of excavator and Tippers are as given in table 3.4

and figure 3.3 shows the photographs of them.

Table 3.4: Proposed loading and transporting equipment

Figure 3.3 a): Hydraulic Excavator b) Tipping Truck

Type Nos Bucket/

Capacity Make

Motive

Power H.P

Hydraulic

excavator 1 1.20 m3 KOBELCO Diesel

EX

110

Tipper 2 15M.T TATA Diesel 180



24

3.6. RESOURCES

The geological and recoverable reserves are estimated by cross-sectional

Methods up to a thickness of 51 m from the hill top whose elevation

ranges from 160-96m above mean sea level. Recovery of useable rock is

taken as 95% and 5% shall be fines, mining losses and fly rock.

3.6.1. Geological Resources

The geological resources estimated by cross sectional method is as

10,93,688 MT of granite building stone up to a thickness of 51m from

the hill top, having considered the depth of mining, recovery, safety

barriers etc. Geological resources estimation is given in the Table 3.5

Table 3.5: Geological Resources

SECTION L

(m)

W

(m)

D

(m) B.D

Quantity

(MT)

Geological

Resources

@95%(MT)

Reject

@5%(MT)

AB

-X1Y1

UNDER

SAFETY

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

7.5 15 5 2.5 1406.25 1336 70

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

MINEABLE

20 190 5 2.5 47500 45125 2375

34 190 5 2.5 80750 76713 4038

52 190 5 2.5 123500 117325 6175

62 74 5 2.5 57350 54483 2868

70 102 5 2.5 89250 84788 4463

74 120 5 2.5 111000 105450 5550

82 128 5 2.5 131200 124640 6560

78 120 5 2.5 117000 111150 5850

UNDER

BENCHES

2 6 5 2.5 150 143 8

16 18 5 2.5 3600 3420 180

28 30 5 2.5 10500 9975 525

40 42 5 2.5 21000 19950 1050

52 54 5 2.5 35100 33345 1755

AB

-X2Y2

UNDER

SAFETY

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

7.5 7.5 5 2.5 703.125 668 35

7.5 15 5 2.5 1406.25 1336 70

7.5 15 5 2.5 1406.25 1336 70

15 15 5 2.5 2812.5 2672 141



25

AB

-X2Y2

MINEABLE

14 40 5 2.5 7000 6650 350

74 70 5 2.5 64750 61513 3238

112 52 5 2.5 72800 69160 3640

152 28 5 2.5 53200 50540 2660

94 6 5 2.5 7050 6698 353

UNDER

BENCHES

108 6 5 2.5 8100 7695 405

96 22 5 2.5 26400 25080 1320

68 44 5 2.5 37400 35530 1870

30 68 5 2.5 25500 24225 1275

9 88 5 2.5 9900 9405 495

TOTAL 1151250 1093688 57563

GEOLOGICAL RESERVE ESTIMATION

Total Geological resources (A) = 1093688 MT

(Remaining + already mined out + Safety Zone)

Mineral reserves blocked under benches (B) = 1688768 MT

Mineral reserves blocked in safety zone (C) = 10688MT

3.6.2. Mineable/ Recoverable reserves

The mineable\recoverable reserves is estimated by cross-sectional

method having considered the recovery factor, depth of mining, safety

barriers etc., The mineable reserve is estimated as 914233 MT. of

building stone to a depth of mining of 51m from the hill top. Details of

estimation of mineable reserves are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Recoverable reserves

SECTION L

(m) W(m) D(m) B.D

Quantity

(MT)

Mineable

Reserves

@95% (MT)

Reject

@5%

(MT)

AB-X1Y1

20 190 5 2.5 47500 45125 2375

34 190 5 2.5 80750 76713 4038

52 190 5 2.5 123500 117325 6175

62 74 5 2.5 57350 54483 2868

70 102 5 2.5 89250 84788 4463

74 120 5 2.5 111000 105450 5550

82 128 5 2.5 131200 124640 6560

78 120 5 2.5 117000 111150 5850

AB-X2Y2

14 40 5 2.5 7000 6650 350

74 70 5 2.5 64750 61513 3238

112 52 5 2.5 72800 69160 3640

152 28 5 2.5 53200 50540 2660

94 6 5 2.5 7050 6698 353

TOTAL 962350 914233 48118



26

TOPSOIL DEVELOPMENT

AB-X1Y1 202 220 1 2.5 111100 111100

AB-X2Y2 204 106 1 2.5 54060 54060

TOTAL 165160 165160

GRAND TOTAL 1127510 914233 213278

Total Mineable/Recoverable Reserves = A-(B+C)

= 1093688 – (168768+10688) MT

Calculated Mineable Reserves = 914233 MT

The overall pit slope is taken as 60° from the horizontal. The

recovery factor is taken as 95% from the top bench up to the bottom. The

life of the mine is computed as 5 years at an average production rate of

1,82,847MT. per annum for the depth up to 51m from the hill top. The

reserves below this level shall increase the life substantially.

3.7. WATER SOURCE AND REQUIREMENT

Whole some drinking water shall be provided as per the Mines Rules,

1955. Quantity for drinking and utilities is 1.0KLD. Dust suppression

and green belt of water is 2.0KLD.Minimum quantity of 3.0KLD has to be

maintained as per the Rule. Drinking water is obtained by Mineral water

industries by water canes. Dust suppression and green belt is obtained

from water tank.

3.8. POWER SOURCE AND REQUIREMENT

Electricity is not required as the mine will be working only during day

time which does not demand artificial light. Table 3.2 and 3.4 shows the

fuel required for operating the machineries. They will out sourced to meet

the requirement.

3.9. WASTE GENERATION

Building stone rejects which amounts to 5% of the total excavation;

about 48118 MT will be generated for mining up to 51 m depth from top.

Year wise waste generation is as in table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Generation of Waste/ Reject

Year Gravel/

Topsoil (MT)

Overburden/

Waste (MT)

Building stone

Rejects (MT)

Total

First 165160 ---- 9603 1 : 0.96

Second --- ---- 9666 1 : 0.05

Third --- ---- 9614 1 : 0.05

Fourth --- ---- 9625 1 : 0.05

Fifth --- ---- 9610 1 : 0.05

Total 165160 ---- 48118 1 : 0.23



27

3.10. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE FEASIBILITY

DRAWING



28

Chapte r 4 : SITE ANALYSIS

4.1. CONNECTIVITY

The site is accessible from Kollam as given in figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1: Route

4.2. LAND DETAILS

The area applied for quarrying is almost a hilly terrain. The land use of

the lease area before and after proposed project is as shown in table 4.1.

The land is non forest and non agricultural patta land where the land

classification is in table 4.2.

Table 4.1: Land use

Table 4.2: Land Classification

Area (Ha)

Description Non- Forest Forest

(i) waste land --- ---

(ii) grazing land, --- ---

(iii) Agriculture land --- ---

(iv)others(specify) 4.90.27 ---

Total Lease Area 4.90.27 ---

S. No. Description Existing Land use

(Ha)

Land use pattern at the end of 5th

Year (Ha)

% of Use

1 Area under mining ---- 4.20.55 85.8

2 Roads ---- 0.05.50 1

3 Green belt & Safety

area ---- 0.63.42 13

4 Labour shed ---- 0.00.80 0.2

5 Virgin 4.90.27 ---- ---

Total 4.90.27 4.90.27 100%



29

4.3. TOPOGRAPHY

The lease area applied for quarry is almost a hilly terrain with elevation

ranges from 96-160m above mean sea level. The lease area is generally

sloping from SE to NW. The slope is moderate to steep. The lease area is

exposed with few outcrops with intermittent soil with little vegetation.

This area surrounding the applied area is covered by rubber plantation.

There is no perennial water course/ water bodies/ streams/nallah within

500 m radius from the applied for quarry lease

4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES

4.4.1. Water environment

There is no major river or water bodies, seasonal odai track, nallah and

ponds are situated around 500m radius. The ground water table is

observed at a depth of 32m bgl. Though the mining is proposed to a

depth of 51m, the ground water may not percolate into the quarry in view

of massive formation without much fractures and joints and also the

quarry is above ground level.

The recuperation of ground water is poor in hard formation. The

rain water percolation and collection shall be less than 300 lpm and it

shall be pumped about periodically by a stand by diesel powered

centrifugal pump motivated with 30H.P. Motor. The quality of water is

potable without any contamination and it shall be pumped into the

adjacent agricultural fields and plantation area.

The report reveals that the water does not comply with drinking

water specification as per IS 10500:2012 with respect to Microbiological

Examinations. So it is not recommended for drinking purpose. But it can

be used for other domestic uses. It can be treated with methods like

Chlorination/ Ozonization/ UV radiation in order to remove excessive

microbial count and use for drinking purpose. Mean while mineral water

shall be supplied in canes for drinking purposes or RO systems shall be

provided if necessary. Test report is given in Table 4.3.



30

Table 4.3: Water sample - test report Sl.

No.

PA

RA

ME

TE

RS

UN

ITS

RE

SU

LT

S

As Per IS 10500:2012 PROTOCOL

Requir

em

ent

(Accepta

ble

lim

it)

Perm

issib

le lim

it

in t

he a

bsence o

f

alt

ern

ate

sourc

e

APH

A 2

2n

d E

dit

ion

2012

Physical Properties

1 Appearance

When

Analyzed

- Clear - - -

After

Filtration

Clear - -

2 pH value

at 25oC

- 7.38 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 4500 H+ B

3 Color HazenUnit <1.0 5 15 2120 B

4 Odor - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 P.5

1983 R.2012

5 Turbidity NTU <1.0 1 5 2130 B

6 Electrical

conductivity

at 25oC

Micro

mhos/cm

206 - - 2510 B

Chemical Properties

7 Total

Suspended

Solids

mg/l <1.0 - - IS:3025:

P.17:1984:

R.2012

8 Total

Dissolved

Solids

mg/l 105 500 2000 IS

3025:P.16:1984:

R.2012

9 Total

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 23 200 600 2340 C

10 Calcium

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 17 - - 3500 - Ca B

11 Magnesium

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 6 - - 3500 - Mg B

12 Calcium as

Ca

mg/l 7 75 200 3500 - Ca B



31

13 Magnesium

as Mg

mg/l 1.4 30 100 2340 C

14 Phenolpht

halein

Alkalinity

as CaCO3

mg/l Nil - - 2320 B

15 Total

Alkalinity

as CaCO3

mg/l 50 200 600 2320 B

16 Chlorides

as Cl

mg/l 3 250 1000 4500 Cl- B

17 Sulfates as

SO4

mg/l BDL

(DL=0.1)

200 400 4500 SO4 E

18 Total Iron

as Fe

mg/l BDL

(DL=0.01)

0.3 0.3 3500 Fe B

19 Silica

(Reactive)

as SiO2

mg/l 58 - - 4500 SiO2 C

20 Carbonate

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 23 - - 2340 A

21 Non-

Carbonate

Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l Nil - - 2340 A

22 Free

Residual

Chlorine

mg/l <0.2 0.2 **1 4500 Cl B

Microbiological Examination

1 Total

Coliforms

MPN /

100ml

17 Shall not be

detectable in any100

ml

IS:1622-1981

Amd.4 RA 2009

2 E.coli MPN /

100ml

14 Shall not be

detectable in any100

ml

IS:1622-1981

Amd.4 RA 2009

BDL-Below Detectable Limit; DL-Detection Limit.

4.4.2. Air Quality

Being a fresh area, baseline air quality should be studied. Air sampling

was done and the pollutants are found to be well within the NAAQS limits

as per the report (Table 4.4). Dust fall data may be taken from the district

observation for threshold values.



32

Table 4.4: Air Sample analysis result

S.

No.

PARAMETERS PROTOCOL UNIT RESULT NAAQS*

1 Particulate Matter

(PM 2.5)

Envirotech

Manual μg/m3 23.45 60

2 Respirable

Particulate Matter

(PM10)

IS 5182 Part

23-2006 μg /m3 52.35 100

3 Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2)

IS 5182 Part

2 -2001 μg /m3 5.10 80

4 Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2)

IS 5182 Part

6-2006 μg/m3 10.95 80

5 Ozone (O3) IS 5182 Part

9-2009 μg/ m3 28.45 180

6 Lead (Pb) IS 5182 Part

22-2004 μg/m3

BDL

(DL=0.1) 1

7 Carbon Monoxide

(CO) (1 Hour )

IS 5182 Part

10-2003 mg/m3

BDL

(DL=1.15) 4

8 Ammonia (NH3) Indophenol

Method μg/m3 16.95 400

9 Arsenic (As) IS 5182 Part

22:2004

R.2009

ng/m3 BDL

(DL=1.0) 6

10 Nickel (Ni) IS 5182 Part

22:2004

R.2009

Ng/m3 BDL

(DL=0.1) 20

11 Benzene (C6H6) IS 5182 Part

11-2006 μg/m3

BDL

(DL=0.1) 5

12 Benzo (a) Pyrene IS 5182 Part

12-2004 ng/m3

BDL

(DL=0.1) 1

BDL – Below Detectable Limit ; DL – Detection Limit

4.4.3. Acoustic and Seismic Environment

Threshold sound level is reported as 46.30 dB. Report of the sound/

noise level is given in table 4.5. Since fresh area, no activity of quarrying

is being done to measure the peak particle velocity due to longitudinal

waves.



33

Table 4.5: Noise survey report

S.

No

Sampling

Location

Noise Value

dB (A)

Average

Noise Value

dB (A)

Limits as per

TNPCB dB (A)

( Day Time)

1 GPS Coordinates

09°0’18.51”N,

76°54’6.67”E

45.6 46.30 75

48.4

44.8

46.4

4.4.4. Soil Environment

Samples have been collected in the lease area for analyzing its

characteristics. Table 4.6 shows the test report with physical and

chemical values of the samples.

Table 4.6: Soil sample analysis report

Method Of Analysis: IS 2720 and EPA Method.

Physical Parameters

S. No. PARAMETERS RESULTS

1 pH value (10% Solution) 5.20

2 EC@ 25oC (Micromhos/cm)

(10% solution) 12.0

3 Moisture 15.20% w/w

4 Density 1.11g/cc

5 Color Brownish

6 Consistency Light soft

7 Structure Structure-less

8 Texture

Clay=20.45%

Sand and Silt =28.10%

Gravel = 51.45 %

Gravel Soil

9 Loss On Ignition 18.45 % w/w

10 Lime Status (Lime

Requirement) Nil

Chemical Parameters

1 Alkalinity 0.0219 %w/w

2 Sodium Absorption Ratio 5.68 meq/kg

3 Cation Exchange Ratio 10.0 meq/100g

4 Oil & Grease <10.0 ppm

5 Chlorides 0.0241 % w/w

6 Sulphates 0.0081 % w/w

7 Nitrates 0.014 % w/w

8 Total Nitrogen 0.12 % w/w



34

9 Total Phosphorous 0.005 % w/w

10 Calcium 0.284 % w/w

11 Magnesium 0.109 % w/w

12 Sodium 0.141 % w/w

13 Potassium 0.22 % w/w

14 Iron 1.32 % w/w

15 Organic Matter 0.24 % w/w

16 Water Holding capacity 1.14 % w/w

17 Copper 0.0299 % w/w

18 Nickel 0.0007 % w/w

19 Chromium 0.0010 % w/w

20 Lead 0.0017 % w/w

21 Zinc 0.014 % w/w

4.4.5. Eco Sensitive area

There is no major water body, seasonal odai or Nallah found within 500m

radius of the lease boundary. Archaeological monuments, bridges, Theme

parks, School are also not located in the area. No reserve forest, wild life

sanctuaries found within the 10 km radius.

4.5. INFRASTRUCTURE

Table 4.7 shows the infrastructure found near the lease area.

Table 4.7: Infrastructures

S.No. Particulars Location ~ Distance

in km

Direction

(Avg)

1. Post office Narikkal 1 South

2. Town(Taluk Head) Punalur 3 NE

3. Police Station Punalur 3 NE

4. Municipality Punalur 3 NE

5. Fire Station Punalur 3 NE

6. Govt. Hospital Chemmanthoor 1.5 North

7. School Narikkal 1 South

8. DSP Office Kottarakara 10 East

9. Railway Station Punalur 3 NE

10. Nearest Airport Cochin 100 West

11. Sea port Cochin 100 West

12. Villages

i) Chemmanthoor 1.5 North

ii) Narikkal 1 South

iii) Punamkuttymala 1.7 East

iv) Kottavattom 2.6 West



35

4.5.1. Road

The mode of transport of the building stone produced and marketed is by

road to various consumer destination of their own. Approach road is

available from the lease area to a village road for transportation. SH-road

is situated above 0.5 km away on the eastern side connecting Punalur-

Narikkal.

4.5.2. Power Supply

Since simple methods are adopted and the limited scale of activities

involved in the building stone mining, high tension electric power supply

or huge workshop facility is not required.

4.5.3. Sanitary Facilities

Surface latrines and urinals shall be constructed at convenient place for

usage of male and female labors separately

4.5.4. First Aid Facility

Being a small mine, a first aid station as per provisions under Rule (44)

of Mines Rules 1955 shall be provided with facilities as prescribed in

third schedule. Initial medical examination has to be conducted for the

mine workers under rule 29B of Mines Rule 1955.

4.6. SOIL CLASSIFICATION

The soil type is found to be Red soil. Table 4.6 shows the physical and

chemical parameters of the analyzed soil samples.

4.7. CLIMATIC CONDITION

Kollam district receives rain under the influence of both southwest and

northwest monsoons. The southwest monsoon chiefly contributes to the

rainfall in the district. Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of

cyclonic storms caused due to the depressions in Arabian Sea. The

normal annual rainfall over the district is about 2850 mm. It is minimum

around Kollam in the southeastern part of the district. The highest

humidity is generally recorded in May with the value of 87%.

4.7.1. Wind

The average daily wind speed in August is around 8 km/h, that is

equivalent to about 5 mph, or 5 knots. In recent years the maximum

sustained wind speed has reached 74 km/h, that is equivalent of around

46 mph, or 40 knots.



36

Figure 4.2.:Wind speed throughout the year

4.7.2. Temperature

Throughout the month of August daytime temperatures will generally

reach highs of around 28°C that's about 83°F. At night the average

minimum temperature drops down to around 22°C, that's 72°F. The

chart figure 4.3 shows the average high and low temperature for each

month of the year. It also shows the maximum and minimum recorded

temperatures.

Figure 4.3: Temperature throughout the year

4.7.3. Precipitation

The average monthly amount of precipitation is recorded at around 320

mm, that's 13 inches. Throughout the month you can expect to see rain

or drizzle falling on 19 days of the month.Precipitation amount and

number of rain/drizzle days is in figure 4.4.



37

Figure 4.4.: Rainfall data

4.7.4. Relative Humidity

The average daily relative humidity for August is around 87%.

4.8. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Mar Gregorious Orthodox church is about 1.8 km towards North west in

Marangadu village. Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama - Ath Mosque is in on

South East at 2.5 km. Mathra Ayiravalli temple is about 2 km on South

East direction. Vechembu Maha Vishnu temple is about 2.8 km South. A

high school is about 2.5 km on South west of the site. Sabarigiri Senior

Secondary School is about 3 km on North East. St. Thomas Higher

Secondary School is about 2.3 km on North East. Tholikodu Pumping

station is about 3 km on the east.



38

Chapte r 5 : PLANNING BRIEF

5.1. PLANNING CONCEPT

Excavation of building stone is planned and described in section 3.4 and

3.6. Proposed land is a Private (Patta) land which does not come under

Residential, Forest or any other sensitive land classification. As a small

project, it is not demanding any town or country planning. However,

approach roads and haul roads will be laid for the transportation of

excavated materials to the market and to the dump.

5.2. POPULATION PROJECTION

Population of the nearby villages is as in table 5.1. Population

characteristics and Occupational characteristics of the Karavaloor

Village, Punalur Taluk, Kollam District is given in table 5.2 and 5.3

respectively. The proposed project will not affect the village population,

and hence population projection is not significant. However, it provides

occupation to about 18 persons of which 80% of them will be from the

local villages. Other than mine employment, workshops, spare parts,

tyres and tubes and related several self-employment opportunities.

Table 5.1: Details of nearby villages

Name of Village Direction

Distance

from

Mine (m)

Population

(Approx)

Chemmanthoor North 1.5 26912

Narikkal South 1 16195

Punamkuttymala East 1.7 24188

Kottavattom West 2.6 24479

Table 5.2: Population Characteristics (2001and 2011)

Sl. No. Characteristics 2001 % 2011 %

1 Total Household 5754 6385

2 Total Population 23709 23947

3 Male Population 11334 47.80 11288 47.14

4 Female Population 12375 52.20 12659 52.86

5 Total Literacy 19325 81.51 20805 86.88

6 Male Literacy 9429 83.19 9876 87.49

7 Female Literacy 9896 79.97 10929 86.33

8 Sex Ratio 1092 1121



39

Table 5.3: Occupational Characteristics (2001 and 2011)

Sl. No. Characteristics 2001 % 2011 %

1 Total Population 23709 23947

2 Male Population 11334 47.80 11288 47.14

3 Female Population 12375 52.20 12659 52.86

4 Total Workers 7067 29.81 8248 34.44

5 Male Workers 5609 49.49 6022 53.35

6 Female Workers 1458 11.78 2226 17.58

7 Total Main workers 5469 23.07 5343 22.31

8 Male Main workers 4434 39.12 4218 37.37

9 Female Main Workers 1035 8.36 1125 8.89

10 Total Cultivators 659 9.33 662 8.03

11 Male Cultivators 583 10.39 606 10.06

12 Female Cultivators 76 5.21 56 2.52

13 Total Main Agricultural

Laborers 1363 19.29 859 10.41

14 Male Agri. Laborers 1122 20.00 711 11.81

15 Female Agri. Laborers 241 16.53 148 6.65

16 Total Main HHI 110 1.56 139 1.69

17 Male HHI 91 1.62 107 1.78

18 Female HHI 19 1.30 32 1.44

19 Total Main Other Tertiary

workers 3337 47.22 3683 44.65

20 Male OT 2638 47.03 2794 46.40

21 Female OT 699 47.94 889 39.94

22 Total Non-workers 16642 70.19 15699 65.56

23 Male Non-workers 5725 50.51 5266 46.65

24 Female Non workers 10917 88.22 10433 82.42

5.3. LAND USE PLANNING

Existing and proposed land use pattern is discussed in previous chapter

in Table 4.1. About 95% of the un-worked land will be used for mining

and the remaining for haul roads.

5.4. INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND

Labour shed, Surface latrines and urinals are required to be constructed

easily accessible from the working area. Green belt is proposed which is

given in afforestation plan (Table 5.5). No other infrastructures required.



40

Table 5.5: Afforestation Plan

Year Place Types of Trees Number Rate of

Survival

I Lease Boundary

and Dump

Rubber and other

regional trees

30 80 %

II Lease Boundary

and Dump

30 80 %

III Lease Boundary

and Dump

30 80 %

IV Lease Boundary

and Dump

30 80 %

V Lease Boundary

and Dump

30 80 %

5.5. AMENITIES/ FACILITIES

List of equipments and materials required are discussed in Chapter 3

and listed in Table 3.3 to 3.5.

5.6. HAZARDS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

5.6.1 Explosives

Blasting is done by means of explosives which are hazardous during of

handling, storage and blasting.

5.6.1.1. Storage and Handling

The Applicant is advised to store the explosives as per the Indian

Explosives Act, 1958 and the Explosive Rules, 1983. Necessary

permissions should be obtained from the Joint Controller of Explosives to

store and uses of explosives in the quarry in the magazine permit under

Form - 23 or Agreement shall be made with holder of Form - 22 who can

supply and fire explosives as per safety practices. However blasting in the

mine or quarry shall be done as per the MMR, 1961 under the

supervision of Mines Blaster certificate holder, appointed under Reg. 160

of Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1961.

5.6.1.2. Blasting

Poorly designed shots can result in misfires early ignition and flying rock.

Safety can be ensured by planning for round of shots to ensure face

properly surveyed, holes correctly drilled, direction logged, the weight of

explosion for good fragmentation. Blast design, charge and fire around of

explosives should be carried out by a trained person.



41

5.6.1.3. Drilling

Slipping and Falling of labours from the edge of a bench during drilling is

possible. Part of training should include instructions to face towards the

open edge of the bench so any inadvertent backward step is away from

the edge. Suitable portable rail fencing which can be erected between the

drilling operations and the edge of the mine can be provided. Attachment

of a safety line to the drilling rig and provide harness for the driller to

wear can be done. Newer drill machines are provided with cabin which

controls noise level within cabins. Driller operators should be protected

with ear protection.

5.6.2. Loading

Possible risks during loading of mined rocks are falling of rock on the

driver, plant toppling aver due to uneven ground, failure of hydraulic

system, fires, fall while gaining access to operating cabin, electrocution in

Draglines, failure of wire ropes in Dragline. In order to overcome these

risks:

Operator cabin should be of suitable strength to protect the

driver in event of rock fall.

Electrical supply to dragline should be properly installed with

adequate earth continuity and earth leakage protection.

Wire rope should be suitable for work undertaken and be

examined periodically.

Ensure that loaders are positioned sufficiently away from face

edges

5.6.3. Transportation

Brake failure, lack of all-around visibility from driver position, vehicle

movements particularly while reversing, rollover, Vibrations, Noise, Dust

and improper / no signalling are some of the factors causing risk. This

can be avoided by following measures:

Visibility defects can be eliminated by the use of visibility aids

such as closed circuit television and suitable mirrors.

Edge protection is necessary to prevent inadvertent movement.

Seatbelt to protect driver in event of vehicle rollover.

Good maintenance and regular testing necessary to reduce

possibility of brake failure.

Avoid driving at the edge of roadway under construction

Heavy earth moving equipment and vehicle drivers and those

giving signals should be well trained.



42

5.6.4. Unstable face

Chances of Rock fall or slide exists. Regular examination of face must be

done and remedial measures must be taken to make it safe if there is any

doubt that a collapse could take place. Working should be advanced in a

direction taken into account the geology such that face and quarry side

remain stable.

5.6.5. General safety measures

Provisions of the Mines Act, Rules and Regulations orders made there

under shall be complied with, so that the safety of the mine, machinery

and persons will be ensured. Permission, relaxation or exemption

wherever required for the safe and scientific mining of the deposit will be

obtained from the Department of Mine Safety. Copy of Agreement for

handling of Explosives under License Holder at Proposed site is given in

additional document.

Safety kits should be located in easily accessible place with major

first aid materials in it.

Entry of any unauthorized person into mine and plant areas shall

be completely prohibited

Arrangements for fire fighting in the mine’s office complex and

mining area

Provision of all the safety appliances such as safety boot, helmets,

goggles, ear plugs etc. shall be made available for the employees

Mining will be undertaken in coexistence with the requirements of

the Mining Plan which shall be updated from time to time

Handling of explosives, charging and blasting shall be undertaken

only by a competent person

Adequate safety equipment shall be provided at the explosive

magazine

All the mining equipment shall be maintained as per the guidelines

of the manufacturer

Elevating the awareness of employees, contract workers and public

as a whole by celebrating Annual Safety Week which includes

various competitions like posters, essay, slogan, quiz etc.



43

Chapter 6: PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

6.1. GREEN BELT

Afforestation plan is proposed to develop a green belt around the mining

lease as in table 5.5 of chapter 5.

6.2. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

6.2.1. CSR Activities

The proponent is proposed to spent CSR @ 2.5% of profit as per the

Companies Act, 2003 to the Panchayat for maintenance of road, street

light, school sanitation etc.

6.2.2. Employment potential

The proposed project will enhance the socio-economic activities in the

adjoining areas. Several shops and service providers shall grow in the

public adjacent to mines. Schools and city development shall also be

possible owing to the fact of economic growth in the village. This will

result in following benefits

- Improvements in physical infrastructure.

- Improvements in Social Infrastructure.

- Increase in Employment Potential

- Contribution to the Exchequer.

- Prevention of illegal mining.

- During and Post-mining enhancement of green cover.

6.3. CONNECTIVITY

Haul roads will be laid as per the plan (Plate VI to VID) which will be

connecting to the approach road in the south eastern side. This will be

leading to the market through the existing village road and to the state

road.

6.4. DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT

Water requirement and management are as discussed in section 3.7. of

chapter 3.

6.5. DRAINAGE PLAN

Water draining plan to collect, filter and discharge the storm water is

being prepared and given in plate XII of the Mining plan.



44

6.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste generation is as in section 3.9. Top soil / Over burden from the

mine will be stored on the safety zone of the mine as shown in Production

plan, Plate VI. Building stone rejects are planned to be backfilled over

which the side burden will be spread for plantation.

6.7. POWER REQUIREMENT AND SOURCE

Details of the power requirement and source are as discussed in section

4.5.2 of Chapter 4.



45

Chapte r 7 : REHABILITATION AND

RESETTLEMENT (R&R) PLAN

Being a small building stone excavation, the project does not involve

displacement of any residents or public infrastructures. Thus

resettlement is not proposed.

Humus top soil shall be used for rehabilitation and afforestation

purposes. In case of steep slopes, fencing shall be made to control,

inadvertent entry of animals and local persons. The mine out area shall

be used for storage of rain water with proper barricade which will help

recharge of regional ground water table. No major dumps, however

plantation shall be made over small dumps to prevent soil erosion\wash

outs and help ecological balance.

Fencing shall be made around open cast working as per DGMS

circulars with S1 type fencing. Back filling shall be done to a reasonable

extent and depth during closure of mine. Green belt development is

proposed at a density of 1000 trees per Hectares.



46

Chapte r 8 : PROJECT SCHEDULE

ANDCOST ESTIMATION

Period of quarrying is proposed for five years. It does not require any

construction phase period. However removal of top soil comes under

development phase. Development and production phase are planned and

discussed in chapter 3.

a) Project cost / investment

i) Land Cost : Rs. 22,00,000

ii) Machinery to be used : Rs. 40,00,000

iii) Refilling / Fencing : Rs. 80,000

iv) Laborers Shed : Rs. 90,000

v) Sanitary facility : Rs. 2,00,000

vi) Other items : Rs. 3,00,000

Total : Rs. 68.70 Lakhs

b) Expenditures

i) Drinking water facility for the laborers = Rs. 1,00,000

ii) Sanitary arrangement = Rs. 50,000

iii) Safety kits, = Rs. 50,000

iv) Dust control = Rs. 50,000

v) Afforestation etc. = Rs. 1,00,000

Total Rs. 3.50 Lakhs



47

Chapte r 9 : ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL

The quarrying activities in this belt will benefit to the local people both

directly and indirectly. The direct beneficiaries will be those who get

employed in the mines as skilled and un-skilled workers.

There will be no environmental impact from the project since the

scale of operation is very minimum. This operation doesn’t need

relocation of any habitats.

CSR shall be provided by the applicant at the rate of 2.5% of the

turnover to the society of the nearby villages.

The mined out area shall be used for storage of rainwater or

pisiculture. The applicant shall plant sufficient number of trees around

the lease boundary as well as along the village road to keep the

environment green.

------

(EIA studies not done)

Date: 03-04-2017

Place: Salem

(R.Raghulan Pillai)

Signature of Applicant

Signature of EIA coordinator (Mining)

(S. SURIYAKUMAR)

M.Sc., M.Phil, F.C.C. (Min) PGDBA, DIPC

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