Practice Quiz, Informal Fallacies. Remember these steps… Arguments are the assertion of a...
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Transcript of Practice Quiz, Informal Fallacies. Remember these steps… Arguments are the assertion of a...
Remember these steps…
Arguments are the assertion of a conclusion from reasons that are better known than the conclusion.
3 Steps!
1. Ask yourself: “Is this good reasoning … does it sound reasonable?” If it sounds reasonable, No Fallacy.
2. If it sounds unreasonable, ask “Why does it sound unreasonable or screwy?” If it sounds unreasonable because the premise or reason offered is rude, mean, silly, impossible or improbable, etc., the reasoning might still be good! Check again.
3. If the reasoning still seems screwy after consciously accepting even rude, silly, or improbable reasons, then you have a fallacy … find the best bucket to drop the fallacy in.
Classification of Fallacies
Fallacies of Relevance:
Appeal to ForceAppeal to PityAppeal to the PeopleAd HominemAccidentStraw manMissing the PointRed Herring
Weak Induction:Appeal to Unqualified
AuthorityAppeal to IgnoranceHasty GeneralizationFalse CauseSlippery SlopeWeak Analogy
Fallacies of Presumption:
Begging the QuestionComplex QuestionFaulty Dilemma
Fallacies of Ambiguity:
EquivocationAmphibole
Fallacies of Grammatical Analogy:
CompositionDivision
1Anyone who shoots a gun at
another person should go to jail, so, those police officers returning fire at those bank robbers should be arrested, pronto!
A. Begging the QuestionB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. Hasty GeneralizationD. Accident
(Misapplying a Rule)E. No Fallacy
2Betty is a real gem … she
has violent, unpredictable outbursts, and then cries for hours afterwards. I think you should ignore her ideas about which car to buy.
A. Appeal to Unqualified Authority
B. Argument to the Person, abusive
C. False Cause, post hocD. Accident
(Misapplying a Rule)E. No Fallacy
3Betty is a real gem … she
has violent, unpredictable outbursts, and then cries for hours afterwards. I think you should think twice about dating her.
A. False cause, mere contributive cause
B. Argument to the Person, abusive
C. Begging the QuestionD. Accident
(Misapplying a Rule)E. No Fallacy
4Sean Hannity says he doesn’t
want the government regulating speech with hate speech laws. But really, no government at all is what he wants! American!? Patriot!? True Americans love our system of government … Hannity is a anarchist!
A. DivisionB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. False cause, post hocD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
5I hear the Vikings cut their
backup left tackle after he expressed his support for gay marriage. I guess we know the franchise is run by a bunch of homophobic, bigoted jerks.
A. False cause, post hocB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. Complex QuestionD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
6You know, I can hear your
stereo all the way in the basement, so … it’s given me a splitting headache and you can just run yourself to the store and get me some Ibuprofen.
A. False cause, post hocB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. False cause, mere
contributive causeD. Faulty DilemmaE. No Fallacy
7Alan is a social clod with no
verbal filter. He once told a complete stranger, “I think I can smell you.” Probably not the guy we send to invite those girls over for a drink.
A. Faulty DilemmaB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. Slippery SlopeD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
8Saw you carrying a case of
Heineken into your house. So, are you still fighting with alcoholism?
A. Begging the QuestionB. CompositionC. Complex QuestionD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
9A ban on guns would make
us so much safer!
Really? Why?
Well, duh! … it would reduce our exposure to danger!
A. Begging the QuestionB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. Complex QuestionD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
10You do those dishes or go to
your room!
A. Slippery SlopeB. Argument to the
Person, abusiveC. Faulty DilemmaD. Straw Man (Straw
Position)E. No Fallacy
11Sit down and eat! If you skip
dinner, you’ll be hungry later, then you’ll be cranky, next thing you know we’ll be arguing! A. Begging the Question
B. Argument to the Person, abusive
C. Faulty DilemmaD. Slippery SlopeE. No Fallacy
12Each member of our relay
team is super-fast, and good at passing the baton, so, our relay team should be pretty good this year!
A. Appeal to ForceB. DivisionC. Faulty DilemmaD. CompositionE. No Fallacy
13One morning I shot an
elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I'll never know.
A. EquivocationB. DivisionC. AmphiboleD. CompositionE. No Fallacy
14Our district has dumped
thousands into math education. I just talked to my niece … she couldn’t multiply or divide, and she’s in 3rd grade! I guess none of our kids is getting what we’re paying for!
A. EquivocationB. False cause, post hocC. Accident
(Misapplying a rule)D. Hasty GeneralizationE. No Fallacy
15Congresswoman Bunger has
argued the traditional family is important for the health of the nation, but she was recently caught in a lesbian affair with a congressional page! Clearly her arguments can’t be trusted.
A. EquivocationB. False cause, post hocC. Argument to the
Person, Tu Quoque (you too)
D. Hasty GeneralizationE. No Fallacy
16You take a hit of that Mary
Jane, next it’s cocaine, heroine, then you’re a prostitute or a burglar, embezzler, probably end up shot!
A. False cause, confused causal chain
B. False cause, post hocC. Slippery SlopeD. Appeal to PityE. No Fallacy
17Every member of the Jazz
Dance club is over 50, so, the club must be over 50, too.
A. CompositionB. Hasty GeneralizationC. AmphiboleD. DivisionE. No Fallacy
18When you execute the
innocent, you know you’ve made a terrible mistake. But every fetus is innocent … clearly, abortion is a terrible mistake, too.
A. CompositionB. Hasty GeneralizationC. EquivocationD. DivisionE. No Fallacy
19You really don’t want to
argue that animal lives have less value than human lives, do you? You’ll cause an uproar from those wacky PETA types on campus!
A. CompositionB. Appeal to the People,
indirectC. EquivocationD. Appeal to ForceE. No Fallacy
20Senator Parks wants to ban the
pesticide Xandipytheldip, just because it will kill a few people each year. But if that was a good reason, we’d be banning cars, which kill thousands! Let’s leave Xandipytheldip alone!
A. CompositionB. Appeal to the People,
indirectC. Argument to the
Person, Tu Quoque (you too)
D. Weak AnalogyE. No Fallacy
21I think you should give God a
chance, Mr. Thornbuckle. The majority of the world’s population believes in a higher power, after all.
A. CompositionB. Appeal to the People,
indirectC. Argument to the
Person, Tu Quoque (you too)
D. Weak AnalogyE. No Fallacy
22Albert Einstein said years
ago, “God doesn’t not play dice with the universe” … I think if a brilliant guy like Einstein says something like that, believing in God is pretty reasonable.
A. Weak AnalogyB. Appeal to the People,
indirectC. DivisionD. Appeal to Unqualified
AuthorityE. No Fallacy