Contract Supervision

Roles & Responsibilities Monitoring Tools & records Quality Assurance/Quality

Control

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Why we need Contracts?Binding

Forcommitment

Towards Agreed terms

Satisfy Requirement

sFulfill

Obligations

Share Responsibi

lities

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Consideration ACCEPTANCEOFFER

(Value/ Causa)

CONTRACT

One party

To other party RISK

DETREMENT

LOSS

FOREBEARRANCE

RIGHT

INTEREST

PROFIT

BENEFIT

Key Elements of a Contract

TERMS

EXPRESSED(

Verbal/Writing)

CONDITIONS WARRANTIES

IMPLIED( automatical

ly)

STATUTORY/TRADE

CUSTOMS

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Conditions of Contract

Conditions

GENERAL( Universal)

PoliciesDefinitionsDispute resolutions

ExecutionTime FramePayment Terms

PARTICULAR( Suit to Environment)

Deviations from General ConditionsSpecific applicationsParticular terms to suit

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ICTAD CONDITIONS OF CONTRACTS-AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS

ICTAD/SBD/01 - Standard Bidding Document for Procurement of Works ( Vol 1&2, Yr 2007)

ICTAD/SBD/02 - Standard Bidding Document for Major Contracts ( Vol 1&2, Yr 2007)

ICTAD/SBD/03 - Standard Bidding Document for Minor Contracts ( Vol 1&2, Yr 2007)

ICTAD/SBD/04 - Standard Bidding Document for Design & Build Contracts ( Vol 1&2, Yr 2007)

SCA/3/2 - Specifications for Water Supply, Sewerage & Storm water drainage ( 2nd Edition April 2002)

Parties Involved in Contract SupervisionEmployer

* Site Representatives/Consultants

Contractor*Site Agents

*Sub Contractors

Engineer*Representati

ves

What are the Engineer’s duties and powers?

Supervision Instructions Extensions & Suspension of

Contracts Valuation & Claims Mediation at Contractual Disputes

Engineer’s powers - Supervision

Supervision•Organization & Correspondence•Agreed Contactor’s work programs.•Examining contractor’s proposal’s & Method Statement and approving•Acceptance of tests at completion and ordering commissioning of elements.•Comment satisfaction

Responsibilities of Engineer’s Representatives/ site agents • Act according to delegated functions• Watch, supervise & examine site works with

tests• Adherent to the orders/ decision of the

engineer.• Records on extra or additional works,

pertaining to the extension of time• Joint admeasurements• Order stoppage of work at unsafe situations

/ non-compliance with specification• Assist Engineer on valuation/ claims

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Monitoring Tools/methods Audit measures the cost or value of inputs, such as materials and manpower, in relation to producing the

outputs. Audit could be in both Technical & Financial Aspects. Audit mainly measures efficiency using quantitative methods.

Management Information System (MIS) is a process by which raw data is collected, summarized and given to the management of a project or program. It includes computer-aided information systems and is meant to alert the managers who then take decisions. MIS is useful for efficiency questions; however, ensuring the validity/accuracy of information can be difficult.

Performance monitoring (also called performance evaluation) checks what is achieved and the expenditure for the different achievements for the project. The validity of performance monitoring can be problematic when performance monitoring is connected to the release of payments.

Auto-monitoring (also called auto-evaluation) originally meant assessment by an individual or a small group of their own activities judged against a set of indicator, which they set for themselves. The concept has since broadened to mean increasing the capacity of the project personnel and stakeholders for monitoring their own programs and activities taking control of their own programs. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used.

Construction Records for Contract Monitoring

Contractor’s Submittals

Submittal register ( Program for submittals)

Master Work Program & Individual programs for sub-components

Method Statements for works including temporary works

Material Test reports and applicable standards

Manufacturer’s performance or test certificates

Safety & Environment Management Plan during Construction

Construction Records

Official site Log book

Resource utilization daily records o Supervisory & Laboro Plant & Machinery

Daily Weather Records or weather charts

Daily work records ( DPR)

Approvals • Pre-inspection records• Prior approval forms ( setting

out, Concrete, etc)• Test witness records ( site &

laboratory)• Testing & commissioning

approval forms

Quality Assurance & Quality Control at Construction

What is Desired Quality?

• Quality of construction attributes appearance, aesthetic, stability, strength and durability

• Construction quality is a relative term and thereby before controlling quality one must have a “reference quality level”

• Quality at construction work shall involve cost & time and thereby tread-offs or balance to be considered with “ complementary cost” and related “time factors”

• Technical quality shall be governed by “ Standards” but Functional or Operational quality is the desired level for intended purpose

Achieved by how & whom?• Shall be an inbuilt element of the design

documentation ( design brief) and as well as at the Contract documentation ( specific terms)

• “Quality Culture” is a important feature at the construction and shall be a achieved through “team spirit “ of both the Engineer /Engineer’s representatives and the Contractor

• Should not strict on “ perfection” or “Zero defects” thereby tolerances and flexibility shall be clearly spelled out at the inception of work and at agreed method statements & shop drawings

• Quality assurance should be ensured through standard quality tests and with trade practices and should disclose the satisfaction of quality of end product after test proceedings

• “ Quality is never an accidently achievement and it always the result of intelligent effort”

Standard Quality TestsField Tests

Long & Short Duration Pumping Tests

Standard Compaction Tests for dry density ( ASTM D 1557, BS 1337)

Hydrostatic Pressure Testing for Pipe Lines ( BS 8010, AWWA C 600, AWWA C 907) )

Hydrostatic Pressure Testing for Water Retaining Structures ( BS 8007)

Sterilization or Disinfection of completed pipe lines ( ANSI/AWWA C 651)

Trial Mix for Concreting (ASTM C 143)

Slump Test for Concreting ( ASTM C 143)

Laboratory Tests• Quality of Water for concreting ( BS 3148)

• Fine & Coarse Aggregates for Concreting (BS 882 or ASTM C33)

• Sampling & Testing of Reinforcement ( BS 4449, Appendix C)

• Concrete Mix Design ( BS 8007, BS8110, BS 5328)

• Admixtures ( ASTM C 494 or BS 5075)

• Curing Compounds ( ASTM C 309)

• Sampling & Testing of Fresh & Harden Concrete ( BS 1881 or ASTM C31 & 39)

• Sampling & Testing of Cement Blocks ( BS 6073 or ASTM C 90)

Some Rural Constructions

Some Rural Constructions

Practical Aspects/Areas to Give Thought to ensure end Quality at WSS

• Site layouts• Construction sequence at congested work• Depth of pipes & bedding materials• Locating washouts & air valves• Laying pipes in hilly terrains• Mix designs and admixtures for Gr 35 concrete• Temperature control at concreting and placing of

construction joints at water tanks• Color selection for structural elements and buildings

and final finishing techniques• Approving methods for defect repairs

Thanking you for your keen interest and concerns on quality construction at

peaceful working environment

Sanath Fernando