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1
Chapter 6 Supply Chain Management
2
Objectives
1. Understand the concepts of supply chain & supply chain management
2. Understand supply chain management goals3. Appreciate the role of logistics and the difference
between logistics and supply chain management 4. Understand basic concepts of logistics
3
1. The Concept of Supply Chain & Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• A supply chain is a set of three or more firms directly linked by one or more of the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and information from a source to a customer.– Basic supply chain
– Extended supply chain
– Ultimate supply chain
Objective 1
4
Basic Supply Chain
SUPPLIER
Sewing shops in Hong Kong
FIRM
Tommy Hilfiger in Hong Kong
May Department Storesin St. Louis
CUSTOMER
Objective 1
5
Extended Supply Chain
SUPPLIER
CUSTOMER
SUPPLIER’S SUPPLIER
. . .
CUSTOMER’SCUSTOMER
FIRM
. . .
Yarn suppliers inKorea
Sewing shops in Hong Kong Tommy Hilfiger
in Hong Kong
Lord & Taylorin New York
May Department Stores
in St. Louis
Objective 1
6
Ultimate Supply Chain
SUPPLIER
CUSTOMER
ULTIMATE SUPPLIER
. . .
ULTIMATECUSTOMER
FIRM
. . .
FINANCIAL PROVIDER
THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS SUPPLIER
MARKET RESEARCH FIRM
DHL
Hong Kong & Shanghai BankCotton Farmers in Egypt
M/A/R/C
Tommy Hilfiger
Sewing shopsin Hong Kong
May DepartmentStores
Consumers
Objective 1
7
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Supply Chain Management is an integrating function with primary responsibility for linking major business functions and business processes within and across companies into a cohesive and high-performing business model.
- Council of Logistics Management
• Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies.
Objective 1
8
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Upstream Suppliers(USX, DuPont)
Direct Suppliers(Johnson Controls, TRW)
Auto Buyers(Consumers)
Auto Makers(Ford, GMC)
Business Marketing
Business Marketing
ConsumerMarketing
Objective 1
9
The Supply Chain Model
Note the key elements of supply chain management and the important integration that must take place among a variety of business functions across different organizations in the supply chain.
Objective 1
10
2. Supply Chain Goals
• Supply chain goals– Waste reduction, minimize duplication, harmonizing
operations and systems and enhancing quality.
– Time compression, compression of order to delivery cycle time.
– Flexible response, the meeting of customer’s unique requirements in a cost effective manner.
– Unit cost reduction, reduce cost per unit to the end user by first determining the level of performance desired by the customer.
Objective 2
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Information Technology's role in SCM
• Supply chain software/technology– ERP– CPFR– RFID
• Internet
Objective 2
12
3. Logistics’ Role in SCM
• Logistics definition: – “Logistics is that part of that supply chain process
that plans, implements, and controls the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements.”
-- Council of Logistics Management 1998
Objective 3
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Distinguish Logistics and SCM
• SCM is focused on the integration of all business processes
• Logistics is focused on moving and storing activities
Objective 3
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Strategic Role of Logistics
• Historically viewed as a cost center
• Logistics is now regarded as a critical strategic weapon
• Drivers of the increasing strategic role of logistics
1. Business process integration
2. Implementation of JIT
3. Total cost approach
Objective 3
15
Business Processes Integration
• Sales-Marketing-Logistics integration– Logistics as a strategic marketing weapon
– Logistics as a critical part of customer service
– Logistics should be an integral part of marketing/corporate strategy
Objective 3
16
Just-In-Time Systems
• Originated from Japanese automobile industry
• Goals of JIT1. Minimize inventory costs
2. Improve product quality
3. Maximize production efficiency
4. Provide optimal levels of customer service
Objective 3
17
Just-In-Time Systems
• Principle: – requiring the delivery of the specified product at
the precise time, and in the exact quantity needed
• JIT relationship: – Less suppliers
– Longer relationship/partnership
Objective 3
18
Total-Cost Approach
• Calculating logistics costs– Activity-based costing (ABC)
• Measure costs associated with specific activities
– Total cost of ownership (TCO)• More than acquisition costs
• Also include costs of subsequent use
Objective 3
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4. Understanding Logistics:Logistics Management in a Firm’s Generic Value
Chain
Source: Michael E. Porter (1985), Competitive Advantage, p. 46
Objective 4
20
Basic Logistics Functions
• ___________– Public vs. contract vs. private
• ___________– Speed– Consistency
• ____________– Buffer against uncertainties – Objective: eliminate inventories– Use 80/20 Rule– Anticipatory vs. responsive forecasting
Objective 4
21
Understanding Logistics -Common Elements of Logistics Service
Objective 4
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An Important Consideration in Logistics
• Two important variables in logistics:– Total logistics costs– The level of customer service
• There is a tradeoff between these two– Example: making deliveries by air
• The key is to find the balance– Find what customer needs
• Use 80/20 Rule
– Meet customer needs at lowest possible costs
Objective 4
23
Third-Party Logistics (3PL)
• 3PL definition: outsourcing all or many of a firm’s logistics operations to a specialized company.
- Council of Logistics Management
• Perform a wide range of logistics functions – Ex. Ryder, Caterpillar Logistics. Etc
• 4PLs manage 3PLs
Objective 4
24
Third-Party Logistics (3PL)
• Reasons to use 3PL– Cost reduction– Focus on core competencies– Improve customer service– Flexibility– Reduced capital investment– Access to new market
Objective 4