PRESENTATION ON-PRESENT ENERGY SCENARIO OF INDIA…

Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed University & Established by govt. of India) Longowal, Distt-Sangrur (Punjab), Pin-148106

SUBMITTED BY- RAJESH SINGLA-

116353 VIVEK SHARMA-

116352 GURLAD DHINDSA-

116351

INTRODUCTIONIndia is presently the world’s fourth largest economy as far as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms as concerned (the GDP in PPP terms is estimated at approximately USD 3.2 trillion) and the fifth large energy consumer in the world. However, due to its high population of approximately 1.1

billion, the per-capita consumption of most energy related products is extremely low. The per capita energy

consumption is estimated to be a very modest 530 Kg of Oil Equivalent (kgoe), while the world average is

approximately 1800 kgoe.

Planning Commission Reportby the year 2020, oil and natural gas will

meet 44 per cent of India’s energy requirement compared to 50 per cent by coal

Nuclear and hydel energy would form 2.5 per cent and 3.5 per cent, respectively

Natural Gas may form 14 per cent of our energy needs in 2020 compared to 8.6 per cent today.

Renewable Energy Sources

Hydel Wind Energy Biogas / Biomass Bio-fuels Solar energy Energy from wastes

Hydel

India has a total hydro energy potential of about 1.5 lakh MW of which about 20 % is installed

Small hydro plant potential is about 15000 MW and most of it is in the northern and eastern hilly regions.

The film ‘Swades’ is a perfect example of how power starved villages could realize their sources in to power.

Wind Energy

The wind power potential of India is about 45,000 MW out of which capacity of 8748 MW has been installed in India.

India is one of the leading countries in generating the power through wind energy.

Gujarat, AP, Karnataka, MP and Rajasthan are states having more than 5000 MW potential each.

These potentials could be improved if the technology of putting turbines in sea is embraced. There are wind farms on sea generating as high as 160 MW of power.

Biogas / Biomass

Biomass is the oldest means of energy used by humans along with solar energy.

Biomass is converted into gas through a gasifier after combustion. The biomass could be used to generate steam or power or used as a fuel.

There are various examples of gasifier power plants in India. Power is generated using rice husk in Andhra Pradesh, while several bagasse based plants are there.

India has a potential of 3500 MW from bagasse.Other fast growing plants could be planned over a huge

area, so that it provides biomass for generating power.

Solar energy

The oldest source of energy to be used on earth! Even today, this is used to dry tons of material – mostly in rural areas.

According to estimates, 35 MW of power could be generated from 1 sq km. With such potential, solar is going to be the future. The startup cost is the biggest limitation which has led to the low realization of the potential it has. For solar energy to become one of the front runners, it will require lot of research, cheap technology and low capital.

There are various technologies coming up around the world, which could be up scaled or replicated to use solar energy. Cooking, lighting, water heating and open air drying applications are common now-a-days, using solar energy. There are other applications like solar vehicles, desalination, agriculture, etc. which are coming up. It will take time to catch up because of the high cost involved in it. The two main methods of converting solar energy in to power are: i) Photovoltaic cells ii) Concentrated solar power and any operating

Energy from wastes

Tons of wastes are generated daily in Mumbai alone.

Such huge quantity of wastes generated all over India, are a huge opportunity to be tapped.

Sorting is required to be done for organic and inorganic and there is a good quantity for energy needs. Some of these are converted into fuel briquettes and sold.

Future planings-China, Germany, Italy and India were among the nations that most

successfully attracted private investments, according to new research released by The Pew Charitable Trusts.

India stands third tied with Germany behind China and the United States of America, in Ernst & Young’s Country Attractiveness Indices for the world renewables market.

Indian solar market has benefited from an amended RPO and other financial support. Interestingly, India scores better than China and Germany in the solar index only behind USA standing second.

Panchabuta was the first to report on the Solar PV and thermal developers shortlisted for the first phase of the Solar Mission. 37 developers for a aggregated capacity of 620MW have been shortlisted and PPA’s signed.

NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION

An ambitious programme launched by GoI. Aims at ultimate capacity of 20,000 MW by year 2020.* Capacity enhancement targeted in three phases

o 1300 MW by March, 2013(Phase–1)+ 1100 MW grid connected and 200 MW off-grid (Phase-2) o 4000 MW or more by year 2017- (Phase-3)

* Several off-grid applications, which are already commercially viable or near viability to be scaled up:o Solar thermal water heaterso Solar lighting system for remote and in-accessible areas

India targets renewable energy development

INDIA COULD be the next hotspot for solar power developments, as it strives to boost green energy capacity to help overcome severe power constraints and cut pollution. The country is primed to build Asia’s maiden solar park as part of its wider goal to quadruple generating capacity from renewable sources to 72.4 gigawatts (GW), or nearly 16% of total capacity by 2022.

The government hopes the expansion of solar and other green energy sources will fill a huge supply gap, which sees some 50% of the population having limited or no access to commercial energy. Gujarat state will invest more than $2.3bn to build Asia’s first solar park, which will provide infrastructure for 500 megawatts (MW) of capacity. Electricity from the facility, which expects 330 sunny days a year, will be sold to the state government, which has agreed to buy power from as much as 933 MW of new capacity.

In December, India auctioned 620 MW of solar projects to 37 companies, an early step in the programme that aims to have 20 GW of solar capacity by 2022. Achieving this goal would see India outpace many nations in solar power – including the US, which the International Energy Agency predicts will have 17 GW of capacity by 2020.

India aims to add about 35 GW of renewable generating capacity by 2015, with the private sector expected to invest some $55bn, according to the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency. It says renewable investments in the country hit $3bn during the past fiscal year, ending March 2010, and are likely to rise by 15% by the end of March 2011. During the 2009-10 period, 2.33 GW of renewable capacity was added, included 1.57 GW of wind. And the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy expects to reach its target of 9 GW of wind capacity by March 2012.

In addition, India is yet to realise its geothermal potential. Estimated at 10.6 GW, geothermal capacity could provide energy to remote off-grid areas within the country. Private-sector investors are examining development opportunities, but getting projects moving will largely depend on government incentives that, as yet, do not exist.

2020 20GW Indian Solar Energy Plan: Enviro News

India intends to implement a comprehensive and rigorous renewable energy plan, it emerged on August 4th 2009. Through harnessing the power of the sun, India’ plan is to have electricity from solar energy feeding 20 GW (gigawatts) into the national grid by 2020.

20 GW represents a huge amount of electricity. To put it into perspective, the IEA (International Energy Agency) envisages that, by 2020, total worldwide capacity from solar energy will be around 27 gigawatts. On this basis, then, India’s solar electricity will represent approximately three-quarters of this.

Other energy resources are-(non-renewable)Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear Power

CoalIndia has huge coal reserves, at least 84,396 million

tonnes of proven recoverable reserves.This amounts to almost 8.6% of the world reserves

and it may last for about 230 years at the current Reserve to Production (R/P) ratio.

In contrast, the world's proven coal reserves are expected to last only for 192 years at the current R/P ratio. India is the fourth largest producer of coal and lignite in the world. Coal production is concentrated in these states (Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal).

Oil-Oil accounts for about 36 % of India's total

energy consumption.India today is one of the top ten oil-guzzling

nations in the world and will soon overtake Korea as the third largest consumer of oil in Asia after China and Japan.

The country's annual crude oil production is peaked at about 32 million tonne as against the current peak demand of about 110 million tonne.

Natural Gas-Natural gas accounts for about 8.9 per cent

of energy consumption in the countryThe current demand for natural gas is about

96 million cubic metres per day (mcmd) as against availability of 67 mcmd

Natural gas reserves are estimated at 660 billion cubic meters.

Nuclear Power-Nuclear Power contributes to about 2.4 per

cent of electricity generated in India.India has 19 nuclear power reactors at 6

nuclear power stations producing electricity.Some of these which are presently in working

are-Kaiga(karnataka),kakarpur(Gujrat), Kalpakam(Tamilnadu),Narora(U.P), Rawabhata(Rajsthan),Tarapur(Maharastra)..

CONCLUSION-Finally we can conclude that we are on peak

of using our energy resources. and this is very much clear from previous discussions that our non-renewable resources are on peak of their use and one day ultimately they will vanish of their existence from world.

so we need to develop our renewable energy resources more and more if we want to enjoy a peaceful and satisfactory life in today’s energy hungry world….

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