PowerPoint Presentation€¦ · Though total road fatalities has reduced, Percentage of Cyclist...
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation€¦ · Though total road fatalities has reduced, Percentage of Cyclist...
Faculty : Vivian Loftness | Azizan Aziz | Erica Cochran Presented by: R Pushkala
MSS
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HYPOTHESIS
“ Developing a rich transportation portfolio with special emphasis on biking
improvements combined with public transit, while addressing the issues of
security and safety will increase the standard of living by lowering carbon
footprint of its population as well creating a more vibrant environment.”
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HYPOTHESIS | SUB HYPOTHESES
Sub hypotheses:
• Lowered fuel demands
• Lowered GHG emissions
• Reduction in accidents
• Health improvements :lowered obesity rates; increased physical activity
“ Developing a rich transportation portfolio with special emphasis on biking improvements combined with public transit, while addressing the issues of security and safety will increase the standard of living by lowering carbon
footprint of its population as well creating a more vibrant environment.”
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WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING
Total trips made in a day nationally
Trips less than 3 miles in distance
Trips less than 1 mile in distance
39%
17% Trips that are completed by Driving
49%
Source: National Household Travel Survey (2009), Data obtained from Smart Growth America report – “Introduction to Complete Streets” 2013
This clearly highlights THE NEED FOR ALTERNATE MODES OF TRANSPORT. This
figure is taken for the entire country but is certainly APPLICABLE TO A MACRO-
LEVEL FOR PLANNING IN THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH
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Source: Data obtained from study by Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) 2012, and graphic inspired from infographic from newpublichealth.org For shorter trips, people are willing to walk or bike – according to a study carried out in Portland in 2010,
TRIPS UNDER 3MILES are generally the PREFERRED DISTANCE for a trip made comfortable by
cycle IN 20MINS.
Trip distance 3-4 miles Trip distance upto 1mile
46%
35%
ONLY 1% WILLING TO WALK
ONLY 1% WILLING TO WALK
WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING
Source: Study by Drew Meisel, Portland State University, School of Urban Studies and Planning, “Bike Corrals: Local Business Impacts, Benefits, and Attitudes”
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Though total road fatalities has reduced, Percentage
of Cyclist fatalities has remained constant – in fact
RISEN FROM 1.7% TO 1.9%
WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING
Source: Study by Drew Meisel, Portland State University, School of Urban Studies and Planning, “Bike Corrals: Local Business Impacts, Benefits, and Attitudes”
732
41464
Fatalities in 2001
PedalcyclistOther On road
618
32267
Fatalities in 2010
PedalcyclistOther On road
For t
he C
ount
ry -
NH
TSA
1324
21 Pennsylvania
Total traffic fatalities
Pedal cyclistfatalities
Pennsylvania alone recorded 21 fatalities in
2010 at 1.65 per million people population.
National Avg. : 2.0 per million population
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According to National Survey 2010 and
PennDOT, Cyclists were found at fault for
50% of the accidents.
WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING
Source: Data obtained from US Census 2010, Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute; Traffic Safety Facts: Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009. PennDot. "In Pittsburgh Accidents, Bicyclists Not Always to Blame." Post-Gazette. August 16, 2012. Data retrieved from http://www.edgarsnyder.com/bicycle/bicycle-safety-resource-center/bicycle-statistics.html
180 181
Accidents Involving cyclists
Fault of Cyclists
Fault ofMotoristists
37
15
60
249
Causes for Accidents
Cyclists ran red light orstop sign
Cyclist on wrong sideof the road
Motorists careless turn
Other causes
Reason: Inadequate facilities for
cyclists and improper networks causing
confusion
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• Across USA: • 30% of the population owns bikes – 45% owners ride at least occasionally
• 70% of Children (5-14yrs) • In Pennsylvania – children are most at risk of death or injury from a bike
accident • Head injuries – 70% cycling fatalities
• Across Pennsylvania • 2012: 16 deaths and 1,377 injured • Children (5-14yr) – 441 injuries • Max. injuries happened at intersections
WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING
Source: Data obtained from US Census 2010, Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute; Traffic Safety Facts: Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009. PennDot. "In Pittsburgh Accidents, Bicyclists Not Always to Blame." Post-Gazette. August 16, 2012. Data retrieved from http://www.edgarsnyder.com/bicycle/bicycle-safety-resource-center/bicycle-statistics.html
441
936
Fraction of cycle Injuries in children (5-14 yrs) to the rest of the population
Children (5-14yrs)
Rest of thePopulation
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From the different cities studied, various modes of transportation are identified in which
cities & states invested to promote alternate or better modes of commutation form
one point to another
TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENT & IMPROVEMENTS GLOBALLY
Mode of transport
Num
ber o
f citi
es w
ith th
e m
ode
of tr
ansp
ort
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NOW THAT WE HAVE ESTABLISHED WHY…
…NEXT BIG QUESTION - WHAT
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Bicycle – Basic need
Bike share program
Bike rental scheme
On Road Infrastructure
Types of Bike lanes
Refuge areas/Resting areas
Street lighting
Signals
Safety guidelines & traffic regulations
End of Trip Facilities
Lockers/Storage racks
Changing rooms/Showers
CATEGORIZATION OF STRATEGIES SUPPORTING BICYCLING
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CATEGORIZATION OF STRATEGIES SUPPORTING BICYCLING
Community Connectivity
Open spaces
Proximity to CBD
Basic services
Cultural district
Places of worship
Public art
Schemes & Incentives
Workplace Incentives
Right of way
Economic benefits
Combining with Other modes
Multimodal transport
Bike racks on transit
Racks on cars/LMV
Resting locations
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STRATEGY| BIKE SHARE SYSTEMS
MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
Reason for Rise in Number of trips:
- Established a NON-Profit Public-Private
partnership Initiative – NICE RIDE
- Installed bike stations in Low-income housing
neighborhoods
- Distributed 600 free annual subscriptions for bike-
share system
- Provided employees with incentives for adopting
biking
- 10,000 bikes distributed to kids, free of cost
Source: Minneapolis Bicyclist and Pedestrian Count report, 2012
The number of bike trips made per year in the past three years has just increased exponentially
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BENEFITS| BIKE SHARE
• Housing market – still stable with construction along a bike freeway as the major
transportation link
• 4.4% reduction in health-care costs – savings in Insurance
• Improved Gender Equity of ridership – Percentage of women subscribers has
gone up from 37% - 44% in 2011
MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA
Source: Minneapolis Bicyclist and Pedestrian Count report, 2012
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STRATEGY| TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES
FREIBURG, GERMANY
• Converting city center into pedestrian zone
• Cobbled streets to reduce speed, enforcing
30kmph speed limit
• Limiting Parking: Promoting park-and-ride
from the city outskirts, No free parking
• Rich Public transportation portfolio to support
non-vehicular areas
• Distance travelled by Car per capita – reduced by 7%
• CO2 emissions per capita - reduced by 13.4 % (29% of the US average)
• Safer Travel promoted: 3.7 fatalities compared to 6.5 in Germany and
14.7 in the USA
Traffic Calming signage Freiburg, Germany
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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES TYPICAL STREET SECTION:
• Curb on either side
• Parking lane – 2 on either side with parallel
parking facility
• Travel lanes – 3
• The central lane functions as the Left-turn
lane at the intersections
• Typical speeds on these roads -35-40 mph
TYPICAL ROAD SECTION
East Carson St., South side Pittsburgh http://quirkytravelguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/carsonstreet.jpg
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TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BIKE LANE
Simple Bike lane between parking lane and traffic lane in NYC
Painted bike lane in Washington DC
STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – DEMARCATED & PAINTED
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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – DEMARCATED & PAINTED
TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BIKE LANE 18/36
76%
13%
1% 9%
Percentage of cyclists (n=216)
Safer
Not sure
Less safe
No change
49%
19%
12%
20%
Percentage of motorists (n=222)
Safer
Not sure
Less safe
No change
Dedicated bike lanes certainly IMPROVE THE SAFETY of the cyclist by creating a separate lane for the cyclist
Source: City of Portland:Office of Transportation, 1999
STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – DEMARCATED & PAINTED
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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – BUFFERED LANES
TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BUFFERED BIKE LANE
Buffered lane in Manhattan between parking and traffic lane Painted buffered bike lane in Columbus Avenue, New York
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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – BUFFERED LANES
TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BUFFERED BIKE LANE 21/36
STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – BUFFERED LANES
Impact of Buffered bike lanes on cyclists in Portland, OR (n=125)
Source: Report Monsere & McNeil, 2011; Evaluation of Innovative Bicycle Facilities: SW Broadway Cycle track & SW Stark/Oak street buffered bike lanes
89% cyclists felt SAFER riding on buffered lanes
71% would BIKE AN EXTRA HALF MILE to use a buffered lane
35% cyclists actually CHANGED ROUTES to use buffered lane
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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS GREEN PAINTED BIKE LANE WITH SAFE-HIT
POSTS IN SAN FRANCISCO
TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH SAFE-HIT POST
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Comparison of separation methods based on No. of Crashes per million bike km
Source: Article Lusk et al, 2011; Risk of Injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street
STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Providing Delineator posts/Safe-hit posts had 1/5TH THE NO. OF CRASHES compared to streets with raised median
This further reduced to 1.9 crashes/million bike-km when a parking lane was
added
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Comparison of Streets with no bike lanes and streets with bike lanes with physical barriers
Source: Article Lusk et al, 2011; Risk of Injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street
STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Streets with bike lanes with physical barriers had LESSER INJURIES compared to standard street sections
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STRATEGY| BIKE BOXES GREEN BIKE BOX IN PORTLAND, OR
Safety improvements due to bike boxes in PORTLAND, OR
Source: Report ‘Get Behind It – THE BIKEBOX: Portland’s New Green Space’, 2012; City of Portland, Office of Transportation
Apart from Safety, the No. of bikes increased
More vehicles TURNED RIGHT
WITHOUT COLLIDING with cyclists
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Bike Rack - Open Wire rack Bike Rack - Inverted U-rack
STRATEGY| BIKE STORAGE & RACKS
DETAIL OF INVERTED U-RACK 27/36
Benefits the business owners agree to with installing Bike Corrals near their establishments
84% felt increased IDENTITY OF THE STREET & NEIGHBORHOOD
77% noticed INCREASE IN TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS for customers & employees
54% felt it increased VISIBILITY FROM THE STREET
STRATEGY| BIKE STORAGE & RACKS
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STRATEGY| COMPLETE STREETS
Complete street: Before and After changes to incorporate principles of Complete streets at an Intersection COMPARISON OF TYPICAL ROAD &
COMPLETE STREET 29/36
Before and After Count of crashes and injuries on Columbus Avenue, New York
STRATEGY| COMPLETE STREETS
Changes made in the Columbus Avenue to accommodate protected bike lanes • Buffered bike path
• Pedestrian safety islands
• Reduced crossing
distances at intersections
• Zones for bike traffic to mix
with the regular traffic
without worry of accidents
• Dedicated left-turn lanes
• Demarcated Freight
loading-unloading zones
Source: Study retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2011_columbus_assessment.pdf Crash data obtained from NYPD Accident Database (TAMS data) 30/36
Speed of Vehicles on Complete streets compared to standard street sections
STRATEGY| COMPLETE STREETS
Major Benefits: • Lower Avg. Vehicle Speeds
• More Vehicles travelling within the speed
limit
• 34% reduction in number of crashes
• Total number of injuries to cyclists reduced by 27%
• 56% increase in ridership on Weekdays implying more people took to cycling to work and school
Percentage of Vehicles above speed limits on complete streets & standard street sections
Source: Study retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2011_columbus_assessment.pdf Speed data taken through Radar testing in May,2011 by NYCDOT 31/36
STRATEGY| RANKING
Based on Cost of Implementation Shared Roads / Sharrows
Dedicated bike Lane between curb & traffic lane
Buffered lanes : - 3ft buffer on traffic lane
side - 1-2ft buffer on either
side
Signage for motorists & cyclists
Painted Dedicated Bike lanes
Bike lanes with safe-hit posts
Bike boxes at Intersections
Bike lane separated from traffic lane by jersey barrier
Bike lane separated by traffic island at intersections
Refuge / resting areas at intersections
Floating parking lanes
Bike Racks
Corrals
Covered Parking
Bicycle Signals
Bike Lockers
Showers & Changing rooms
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STRATEGY| RANKING
Based on Space required Shared Roads / Sharrows Dedicated bike Lane
between curb & traffic lane Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane
side • 1-2ft buffer on either
side
Signage for motorists & cyclists Painted Dedicated Bike
lanes
Bike lanes with safe-hit posts
Bike boxes at Intersections
Bike lane separated from traffic lane by jersey barrier
Bike lane separated by traffic island at intersections
Refuge / resting areas at intersections
Floating parking lanes
Bicycle Signals
Bike Racks Corrals
Covered Parking
Showers & Changing rooms
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STRATEGY| RANKING
Based on Safety of Cyclist
Shared Roads / Sharrows
Dedicated bike Lane between curb & traffic lane
Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane
side • 1-2ft buffer on either
side
Signage for motorists & cyclists
Painted Dedicated Bike lanes
Bike lanes with safe-hit posts
Bike boxes at Intersections
Bike lane separated from traffic lane by jersey barrier
Bike lane separated by traffic island at intersections
Refuge / resting areas at intersections
Floating parking lanes
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STRATEGY| RANKING
Based on Ease of Installment Shared Roads / Sharrows
Dedicated bike Lane between curb & traffic lane
Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane
side • 1-2ft buffer on either
side
Signage for motorists & cyclists
Painted Dedicated Bike lanes
Bike lanes with safe-hit posts
Bike boxes at Intersections
Bike lane separated from traffic lane by jersey barrier
Bike lane separated by traffic island at intersections
Refuge / resting areas at intersections
Floating parking lanes
Bicycle Signals
Bike Racks
Corrals
Covered Parking
Showers & Changing rooms
Lockers
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APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | NEIGHBORHOOD STUDY
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Reasons for Choice of Neighborhoods: - Densely Populated Locations
- Downtown: Business center
- East Liberty: Revitalized
neighborhood with recreational & commercial establishments
- Oakland: Educational institutions and medical facilities
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | GIS ANALYSIS
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Age of Employed population - Downtown: Above 45yrs
- Oakland & East Liberty: Equally distributed between 21-45 yrs and above 45yrs
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | GIS ANALYSIS
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Bike shed analysis - 0.75mi and 1.5mi distance from
various spots on the road
- 0.75mi corresponds to 10minute ridership
- 1.5mi corresponds to 20minute ridership
- These are trip timings that people are willing to take up
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | GIS ANALYSIS
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Bike shed analysis - 0.75mi and 1.5mi distance from
various spots on the road
- 0.75mi corresponds to 10minute ridership
- 1.5mi corresponds to 20minute ridership
- These are trip timings that people are willing to take up
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
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Major routes exist inside the neighborhood Major gaps in the network Need to create a complete network
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
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Routes selected along the 3 major roads connecting the 3 neighborhoods Fifth & Forbes avenue Center avenue Liberty avenue
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | 500FT BUFFER FROM ALL PAT STOPS
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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops.
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | 500FT BUFFER FROM ALL PAT STOPS
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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops. These locations are the best spots for installing bike racks
Similar study done for Forbes & Liberty avenue
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | 500FT BUFFER FROM ALL PAT STOPS
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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops. These locations are the best spots for installing bike racks
Similar study done for Forbes & Liberty avenue
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE RACK
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Existing road section
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE RACK
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Proposed road section
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | LOCATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS
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These are the ideal locations for bike boxes
APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE BOX
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Proposed road section with Bike boxes and two-bike lanes