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IBNU BUDIMAN, WAHANA 2.0

Reducing the material and political dimensions of peat vulnerability to fires

Bastoni, Litbang LHK (2019)

Institutional framework: Forum DPG?

SLIDE BRG HARIADI

Kartodiharjo, 2018; KPRGSS, 2018

MoEF

UPRGCoordination?

Synchronize, integrate

Simplify, technicality?

Indicative map for restoration priority,

KHG map

Villages Villages Concession holders

Mandate from president

Co-administration task to regions

Permit issuer

UPRG KHG landscape

-KHG & RTT are unknown by concession holder-Business plan is unknown by BRG

Domination of administration: lack of substantial coordination, output effectiveness?

Renn (2008) Risk governance: coping with uncertainty in a complex world. Earth scan,

London

The steering of the complex web of interdependent actors, rules, values and processes concerned with how relevant risk information is collected, analysed and communicated, and how management decisions are taken within a particular context (Renn, 2008).

Risk perceptionRisk

assessment & evaluation

Risk management & communication

Cultural, knowledge, Strategic-institutional,

political context

(Adapted from G. L. Simon and Dooling 2013)

Physical vulnerability

Social vulnerability

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R1

R3

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Peat firesPeat

regulation

Peat utilization

Sub RQ1Sub RQ3

Sub RQ4

2010-2014 2015-now

By UPRG

Govt, etc

Sub RQ2

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Physical vulnerability

Social vulnerability

Physical vulnerability

Social vulnerability

2010-2014; before fires

2015-2016: fires & peat regulation

2017-2018: restoration

2019-2020; future

restoration

Vulnerability

Risk governance

*if possible

FGD, Interviews,

observation

Purposive (& snowball)

sample of relevant actors

Interviews, observation

Purposive (& snowball)

sample of relevant actors

Checkpoint: Data & info

assessment, adjustment

Phase 1:

Province

level

Phase 2:

Villages in

KHGs

Coding process

Chapter 4:

Vulnerability

analysis

Review soc-econ &

biophysics data

Chapter 5

Risk governance

analysis

Review of relevant documents, program/project reports

Human needs:

Livelihood

Human wants:

Plantation

Choice of practice:

Burning & drainage

Risk:Fires (+el Niño)

Outcome:Pollutants, Emission

Exposure:Haze,

climate change

Consequences:Health issues,

etc.

Modified needs and lifestyles

Alternative practices:

Zero burning (restoration)

fixed standards, integrated restoration

Early warning system

Socio-economic responses

Integrated Peatland

restoration

Causal sequence/chain or cycle?

Preventive action Reactive action

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Adapted from Simon and Dooling (2013)

WRI Indonesia

2017

2018

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FEEDBACK WRI SUMSEL

• FGD feat tim sumsel

• Check finding (MoM) research sonny-hani-rona, try to link it (RPJMN) > FGD

• Kordinasi masuk via tim sumsel, for introducing and knowing the ‘habit’

• Frame research with take and give to them (locals), link to RREG/RTT (frame that your research is pendalaman), link to PRIMS research etc > present in slides, just showing tangible things to them; output-concrete recommendation, to PRIMS, to TRGD

• Collab with researcher in sumsel (to be co-author, sosek litbang?)

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NOTES TO DO

• Fgd approach; examine preliminary insights; pecah jadi group2 kecil(invite community, grouping per category topic list), not really kick off (don’t call it), need team sumsel to help

• FGD; 3CM (willy)?

• Data collection; two weeks; check with admin

• Interviews; conflict between neighbors about water resources

• Joint writing with mba eli; integrated restoration

• Hybrid approach of thematic analysis

• Hot spot as indicator degraded peat (PRIMS)

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2017

2018

2019

KHG SibumbungKayuagung

KHG Saleh SugihanTulungselapan

Renkon?

RTT, RREG

LitbangLHK

Kemitraan, etc

R?PRIMS

BRG, 2016

ministry/BRG: creating SoP, regulation, coordination, synergy, law enforcement, facilitating

private sectors (concession holders & finance): planning, implementation,

consultant

donors: knowledge and financial supports

NGO/CSO: technical support, facilitating, knowledge transfer,

M&E, capacity building

local govt: planning, implementation, M&E, technical

support, facilitating

community: implementation, M&E,

local knowledge support

MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS IN RESTORATION

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN LOCAL LEVEL

BRG to TRGD

TRGD is chosen by governor

div. planning & M-E

Bappeda, local agencies, NGO, UPT

div. construction & maintenance

local PU, local agencies, NGO, UPT

div. partnership

BPMD, local agencies, NGO, UPT

div. R2 & R3

local agriculture agency, NGO, UPT

BLHD

BRG, 2016

Types of area UPRG

Areas with permit for business,

plantation

Concession holders

Conservation KLHK, Dir. Of natural resources

conservationProtected forest, production

forest

KPHP and KPHL

Non-forest area Local government

Popp, J., Milward, H. B., MacKean, G., Casebeer, A., & Lindstrom, R. (2014). Inter-

organizational networks: a review of the literature to inform practice. IBM Center for the

Business of Government, 93-96.

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ENP, WUR

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South Sumatera

Kayuagung UPRG: Litbang LHK, companies KHG 1

Institution Contact person Phone number Email NotesPT RambangLitbang LHK Bastoni and team Saved

Village govt Head of villageCommunity group Farmers

Pedamaran KHG 1Village govtCommunityUPRG?Applied to all villages

Disbun (local and provincial level) check name list ZSL

event/konsultasi publik

TRGD Syafrul, coordinator of expert team

BRG Dede, MyrnaBappeda, KPH? DLH, DPSDA Ones

Experts, academics Hariadi, local expert?

Vendor R (pokmas, contractual,

kemitraan)

Note from dede BRG

Tulung selapan UPRG: Companies, TP?

Village govt Kades Tulung seluang, lebung itam,

pokmas lebung gajah

Saved

Community gani demplot 081929283382Fasdes Oti (Tulung seluang), desmi (lb itam) 082282439426KPRGSS, etcPangkalan lambamLink from Stream 1

TO BRG

• My research fills this knowledge gap;

dis/connection between policy/governance

with local impacts

• https://www.antaranews.com/berita/81817

0/brg-akui-kebakaran-terjadi-pada-lahan-

gambut-intervensi

• Budget plan: – Transcription; external, (local) students/fasdes

– Souvenirs for interviewees; Komik gambut? Barang2 WRI

– Food? Notulen, absen

• Field work equipments; – Recorder, camera? mba firda

– Take photos and videos for peatland research

• Schedule of research seminar? April?, April field work for data collection?

• Feedback on (theoretical) content; make study group, biweekly discussion; choose external peer reviewer, share to mentors (preliminary findings) > present on next progress check in

• Join research in Kalteng (policy aspect to TEV), started in may

• Integrate with research zero burning practices? Check rona notes

RELEVANCE/IMPACT AND URGENCY OF RESEARCH

• Research about restoration management and governance is one of prioritized topic from BRG research needs (http://muse2.maverick.co.id/scannerapi/readblob/310391 )

• To fill knowledge gap about peatland management, to complement WRI research on peatland restoration

• To improve governance of restoration, reduce emission, achieve Indonesian NDC; finding local strategy to be upscaled to national plan

• This research includes element of reflexivity for stakeholders through temporal comparative study that involves four KHG in two provinces. Sequence of data collection such as interview will provide knowledge transfer about restoration management in different period and place.

• Generalizing result; Count vulnerability degree of peatland governance, change it through risk governance strategy, upscale it through policy recommendation to be applied in national level

SUPPORTING TOOLS & TRAINING

• Analysis tool; nvivo or atlas.ti > https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo/nvivo-products/nvivo-12-windows

• Needs for training? Software qualitative data analysis + courses

• Short courses; https://www.shortcoursesportal.com/studies/152127/wetlands-integrated-water-resources-management-and-food-security.html#content:contents ; https://www.un-ihe.org/wetlands-livelihoods-and-conservation-1 ; https://swampschool.org/ ; http://www.cpe.rutgers.edu/programs/wetlands.html

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

See Conceptual Framework

Main RQ How risk governance on peatland restoration can support emission reduction?Sub RQs • How did the performance of network governance on peatland restoration?

• What are the responses from UPRG stakeholders to restoration (planning)?

• What are the impacts of those responses toward physical and social condition

of PHU?

• How policymakers’ reaction to result of restoration can improve performance

of future restoration projects?

Restoration?

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By UPRG &/ community

Govt

Restoration?

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By UPRG &/ community

Govt

Villages in KHG 1 R 2017

Villages in KHG 2 R 2018

Biophysics & spatial data

Interview & observation Interview &

observationSoc-econ data Document review

Interview & observation

Document review

OPTIONAL DESTINATIONS FOR PUBLICATION

• http://www.turbaliit.ee/international-peatland-congress-2020/

• http://www.peatsociety.org/events

• Journal peat and mires; https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100400829&tip=sid&clean=0

• Wetlands Ecology and Management: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19431&tip=sid&clean=0

Pantaugambut

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Willy DaeliWahana Riset Indonesia 2.0

Research Seminar 30 April 2019, WRI, Jakarta

Understanding Local Communities’ Mental Models On Sustainable Peat Management in Riau

• Kebakaran lahan gambut merepresentasikancomplex environmental governance issuesecara global dan nasional.

• Kerugian dari kebakaran lahan gambut yang meluas turut berkontribusi terhadap global greenhouse gas, penurunan kualitas hidup, ekonomi, dan kesehatan pada level local.

Kebakaran gambut di Riau

• Konsekuensi dari drainage peatlands disebabkan pertanian / perkebunan

• Konflik dan kompetisikepemilikan lahan

Introduction

Inisiatif pencegahan kebakaran

• Rewetting peat• Fire Danger Rating System

(FDRS)

• Penting untuk melihat akibat-akibatdari inisiatif yang ada, yang mengubah ecosystem goods and services dari peatland, dariperspektif local.

• Desain dan implementasi fire mitigation interventions perlu untukmelihat berbagai persepsi dan preferensi lokal.

>>>>>>>>>

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LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

Mengkontekstualisasikan inisiatif-inisiatif pencegahankebakaran melalui ekplorasi perspektif komunitas

local dalam memahami solusi dan intervensi.

HUMAN-PEAT RELATION

Mental models framework untuk memahami hubungankontekstual human-peat dan bagaimana perubahan

kebiasaan pengelolaan lahan gambut mempengaruhiaspek social-budaya-ekonomi.

INTERVENTION MODEL

Mengidentifikasi model intervensi yang sesuai dan kesempatan serta hambatan

dalam implementasi intervensi (e.g., normasocial, skema insentif, aspek legal dan

governance, aspek kapasitas institusi, dll).

Purpose of the Research

Knowledge Outcomes:

(a) Analysis of the socio-ecological aspects of peat management as

well as fire mitigation practices through mental models inquiry in

target areas.

(b) Analysis of sustainable peat management practices policies,

regulations, and interventions including analysis of

effectiveness, reasons for failure and recommendations for

improvement.

Impact Outcomes:

a) Policy makers are informed about key areas where

intervention needs to improve.

b) Actions of local governments to incentivize communities to

practice sustainable agricultural practice on peat land.

Expected Outcomes

Research Questions

Second

Bagaimana mental models membentuk pemahamankomunitas-komunitas local tentang nilai dan manfaatdari gambut di lingkunganmereka?

Apa aspirasi-aspirasipengelolaan gambut yang berkelanjutan dariperspektif komunitaslokal?

Bagaimana mental models membentuk intensiterhadap intervensi atauinisiatif?

Bagaimana komponen-komponen dalam mental models komunitas-komunitas lokal saling berhubungan satu sama lain yang membentuk persepsi mengenai kesuksesan dan kegagalan dari intervensi atau inisiatif?

Mental models adalah framework yang digunakan individu atau kelompok untuk

memahami bagaimana lingkungan di sekitarmereka bekerja.

Mental models digunakan untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mendukung atau menghambat inisiatif dan

intervensi pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan.

Penting untuk melihat koneksi antarkomponen untuk memahami decision-

making processes suatu kelompokmasyarakat dan respon terhadap

governance arrangements.

Komponen-komponen dalam mental models merupakan basis dari decision making

processes dalam Natural Resource Management (NRM).

Hal ini penting untuk membantu desainintervensi yang memperhatikan perbedaankebutuhan dari komunitas-komunitas lokal.

Mental Models

Komponen-komponen mental models dalam NRM: kosmos (belief system),

corpus (classification system), and praxis (management system).

• Untuk memahami bagaimana individu-individu dan kelompok-kelompokmemahami dan mengelola problem-problem berkaitan dengan NRM denganmenggunakan knowledge di dalamkognisi mereka.

• Metode grouping cards ini dapatmenggambarkan komponen-komponendi dalam mental models secara eksplisitmelalui proses grouping dan labelling.

MethodsMethod 1 : 3CM (Conceptual Content Cognitive Map)

• Wawancara kualitatif berfungsi sebagai pelengkapdata dan triangulasi data 3CM.

• Pertanyaan deskriptif digunakan dalam panduanwawancara untuk memungkinkan pewawancaramengetahui bagaimana informan mengaturknowledge dalam kognisi mereka.

MethodsMethod 2: Qualitative Interview

Data Analysis

3CM• Hierarchical cluster analysis

menggunakan Anthropac• Average similarity distance matrix

di antara 3CM data

Qualitative• Hybrid approach of thematic analysis

menggunakan MaxQDA/Nvivo• Kombinasi tema dari theoretical framework dan

tema dari data collection

3CM + Qual.Menggabungkan hasil analisis 3CM dengan hasil analisis kualitatif

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April 2018 - April 2019

14,089 Fire Alerts

Hotspots in Riau

8456Bengkalis

1209Siak

85%Peatland

Source: Global Forest Watch

2 villages in Bengkalis

2 villages in Siak

Sampling Location

1i n f o r m a n t

1i n f o r m a n t

5i n f o r m a n t s

15i n f o r m a n t s

Kepala Adat (if any) Pengurus Desa/Adat Community Members

Non-probability sampling/Purposive sampling

Sampling Informants

88

Kepala Desa Total 4 Desa

i n f o r m a n t s

Thank you

Feedback session:• Research questions• Sampling location,

etc