Power to Gas (& liquids) - DTU Research Database · Power to Gas (& liquids) Peter Holtappels Head...
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Power to Gas (& liquids)
Holtappels, Peter
Publication date:2013
Link back to DTU Orbit
Citation (APA):Holtappels, P. (Author). (2013). Power to Gas (& liquids). Sound/Visual production (digital)http://www.natlab.dtu.dk/Energikonferencer/DTU_International_Energy_Conference_2013
Power to Gas (& liquids)Peter Holtappels
Head of Section ” Fundamental Electrochemistry”
DTU Energy ConversionMogens MogensenFabrizio SalvatiJonathan HallinderFrank AllebrodIrina PetrushinaErik ChristensenEva Ravn Nielsen
Contributors:
DONGAksel Hauge Pedersen
Haldor TopsøeJohn Bøgild Hansen
Energinet.dkAndres Bavnhøj Hansen
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Content• Motivation: the wind power perspective
• State-of-art Power to gas
– Power to Hydrogen
– Power to Methane
• Ongoing developments
– Power to Liquids
• Future R&D
The intermittent nature of wind power challenges the existing electricity system
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7000
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2010 2020 Load
Periods with
surplusof power
Periods with
deficitof power
Periods requiring fast
rampingof back‐up capacity
Alternatives to
grid support*from conventional power plants must be identified
Wind profiles in JanuaryMW
4
1 2 3
*Voltage and frequency control etc.
Aksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Electrical energy storage
Specht et al. FVEE AEE Topics 2009
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of DenmarkAndres Bavnhøj Hansen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power-to-Gas Demonstration around DK• Germany: already in the commercials in TV
– Hydrogen • Falkenhagen (2MW)• Audi (Werlte) (later stage)• Eon Hamburg• Thüga Munich• Prenzlau (120 m3/h• Werder (1MW )
– Methane• Fraunhofer Stuttgart (25-250 kW)• Audi, Werlte ( 6,3 MW)• Graben Erdgas Schwaben (in planing)
• Netherlands– NaturalHy: H2 feed
6 17.09.2013
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power to Gas: H2
7 17.09.2013
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature (ºC)
Ener
gy d
eman
d (K
J/m
ol)
0.00
0.26
0.52
0.78
1.04
1.30
1.55
1/(2
·n·F
) · E
nerg
y de
man
d (V
olt)
Liqu
id
Gas
H2O H2 + ½O2
Total energy demand (Hf)
Electrical energy demand (Gf)
Heat demand (TSf)
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Low temperature electrolysis cells
8 17.09.2013
SeparatorDiaphragma
Electro-catalystsElectro-catalysts
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Water electrolysis development goals
9 17.09.2013
AEC State of art 2020-30 2050Current density 0.2 – 0.5 0.1 -1 0-2
Operating pressure 1-200 1-350 1-700
Cyclability poor improved High
Production capacity 500 Nm3/h 1000 Nm3/h 10000 Nm3/h
Non energy costs(Euro/Kg
5 2 1
PEMFCCurrent density 0-1 0-2 0-5
Operating pressure 1-50 1-350 1-700
Efficiency non PGMcatalysts
30-40% 60% 60%
Durability 10 000 hs 50 000 hs >100 000 hs
Non energy costs(Euro/Kg
5 2 1
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
R&D for established water electrolysis• Alkaline water electrolysis
– Diaphragma development
– Electro catalyst development• Conv. current density
0.2 – 0.5 A cm2
• Proton exchange membrane waterelectrolysis
– Bipolar plates• Ta coated steel
– Membrane development
10 17.09.2013
ReSelyzer
Alkaline Electrolysis
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
H2OceanDevelopment of a wind-wave ocean platform equipped for hydrogen
generation
2012-2014 Evaluation of electrolysis technologies suitable for this application
Sea water, desalination, electrolysis
Examine the water quality influence on the
DegradationLifetimePerformance
http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power to Gas: Methane
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of DenmarkAksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO2-Recycling for Production of Green FuelsDTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 – 11, 2013
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature (ºC)
Ener
gy d
eman
d (K
J/m
ol)
0.00
0.26
0.52
0.78
1.04
1.30
1.55
1/(2
·n·F
) · E
nerg
y de
man
d (V
olt)
Liqu
id
Gas
H2O H2 + ½O2
Total energy demand (Hf)
Electrical energy demand (Gf)
Heat demand (TSf)
Advanced ”Low T” electrolysis concepts• Immobilised liquid electrolytes
– Alkaline solutions• solid electrolytes
– Anion exchange membranes
– phosphate materials with proton conductivity between200 – 400 C
14 17.09.2013
Medlys?
porous ceramic matrix
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Solid oxide electrolysis technology
15 17.09.2013
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50
100
150
200
250
300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature (ºC)
Ener
gy d
eman
d (K
J/m
ol)
0.00
0.26
0.52
0.78
1.04
1.30
1.55
1/(2
·n·F
) · E
nerg
y de
man
d (V
olt)
Liqu
id
Gas
H2O H2 + ½O2
Total energy demand (Hf)
Electrical energy demand (Gf)
Heat demand (TSf)
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Electrolysis time (h)
Stac
k vo
ltage
(V)
-0.50 A/cm2 -0.75 A/cm2
Co-electrolysis: H2O + CO2 H2 + CO + O2
See als pres. from Søren Højgaard Jensen:Session Fuel Cells and H2 Technologies
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power to Gas: system integration aspects
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power to gas/liquid fuels: thermal integration
DME /MeOH: matches syn gas (SOEC product output)CH4: matches Biogas upgrading
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
SOEC-DME simulation - Low pressure case Two step process: Syn gas MeOH DMEPlant efficiency for different values of investigated parameters, low p SOEC configurations
CASECatalysis for Sustainable Energy
The ”Dream”
Design
Fixation of CO2 and N2into
synthetic fuels(MeOH, NH3)
Cu electro catalysts
RT, liquid electrolytes IT, new electrolytes
DTU Energy Conversion, Technical University of Denmark
Power To Gas & Liquids: A personal outlook
• Gas others than H2 requires considerations of (at least) two reactions• This could be in principle:
– Serial processes– Integrated processes
• Coventional H2O electrolysis• Methanation• eff 60% CH4 / 35 % rd. trip
• Direct electrochemicalfuel synthesis
• Advanced H2O electrolysis + methanation• co-electrolysis & Fischer Tropsch• Eff > 60% CH4, 50-60% rd. Trip ?
now midterm longterm
Thank you for your attention