POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA

Presented by : AKSHAY .S.KULKARNI 2GI12EE005

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Presentation on

KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BELGAUM

1) Introduction History

2) Load dispatch Centers Role of Load dispatch Centers Regional Load dispatch centers Location of RLDC’s and Installed Capacity Peculiarities of Regional grids in India

Southern region grid overview 3) Interconnection of Regional Grids

Salient features of Regional interconnection in India 4) Interconnection of International Grids Salient features of interconnected International Grids 5) Advantages and Disadvantages of Grids in India 6) Conclusions 7) References

List of Contents

India is a country with more than 1.2 billion people accounting for more than 17% of world’s population. It is the seventh largest country in the world with total land area of 3,287,263 sq km. India measures 3214 km from north to south and 2993 km from east to westIn the last six decades, India’s energy use has increased 16 times and the installed electricity capacity by 84 times. At present India’s energy use is the fifth highest in the world Economical growth in India has led to considerable growth in power sector Example : Introduction of Electric grids Electric grid delivers electricity from points of generation to consumers

INTRODUCTION

‘Transmission’ and ‘Grid Management’ are essential functions for smooth evacuation of power from generating stations to the consumers.Grid management involves taking care of the over all reliability, security, economy and efficiency of the power system. The country is geographically divided into five regions namely, Northern, Eastern, Western North Eastern and Southern.

•At one point, all energy was produced near the device or service requiring that energy.•Until 1975 – distribution was mainly through SEBs/electricity depts. controlled by the respective state govts.•1975 – The Electricity (supply) Act was amended. Intervention of the central govt in development of generation facilities led to the formation of NTPC, NHPC•1989: Power grid corporation of India was formed

HISTORY

LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS

• The control of the grid is planned to be done at 3 levels of hierarchy namely NLDC, RLDC and SLDC. • Each of the five regions has a Regional Load Dispatch Centre (RLDC)• The RLDCs for North, East, West, South and Northeast regions are located at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and Shillong respectively. • Every state has a State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC).

Role of NLDC Economy and Efficiency of National GridScheduling and dispatch of electricity over the inter-regional linksMonitoring of operations and grid security

Role of RLDC Generation scheduling/ re-schedulingMetering & data collection Real time operation , control & contingency

Role of Load dispatch centers

REGION Dispatch Center Installed Capacity

Northern Delhi 31,307 MW

Southern Bangalore 32,779 MW

Eastern Kolkata 16,410 MW

Western Mumbai 32,761 MW

North-Eastern Shillong 2,357 MW

TOTAL : 1,15,344 MW source: (Ministry of power Govt. of INDIA)

Location of RLDC’s and Installed Capacity

Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India :

• Northern Grid : Deficit Region , highly weather sensitive load, Adverse weather conditions like fog and dust storm• Sothern Grid : High load , Monsoon dependent hydro • Eastern Grid : Low load ,High coal reserve • Western Grid : Industrial Load • North-Eastern Grid : Very low load , High hydro potential , Evacuation problems

Region Demand Supply Deficit

Northern 54,329 MW 54,137 MW -0.4%

Southern 43,630 MW 35,011 MW -19.8%

Eastern 18,507 MW 19,358 MW +4.6%

Western 48,479 MW 50,254 MW +3.7%

North-Eastern 2,650 MW 2,544 MW -4%

Region wise Power Demand and Supply position

Region wise availability of power generation resources

Region Number of resources

Northern 61

Southern 51

Eastern 49

Western 71

North-Eastern 8

Total Installed capacity : 2,01,181 MW Future : 2,08,790 MW

• Conventional Resources (Including Nuclear , Thermal ,Gas/liquid, Hydro)

Region Number of resources

Northern 9

Southern 23

Eastern 18

Western 13

North-Eastern Nil

Total Installed capacity : 38,283.59 MW

• Non-conventional Resources (Including Wind ,Solar)

Southern region grid overview

Southern Regional Load Dispatch Centre (SRLDC) is one of the five Regional Load Dispatch Centres (RLDCs)

Southern Regional (SR) grid is a large power system comprising of 6,51,000 sq.kms of area encompassing five state systems viz Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu ,Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry

Effective generating capacity as on 31st March 2015 : 65221 MW

Maximum Energy Consumption (2014-15) : 892.7 MU Average energy consumption(2014-15) : 745 MU/Day

Interconnection of Regional Grids The regional interconnections involve operating large grids in tandem

ADVANTAGES1) Help in exchanging power as and when available, i.e. infirm and economy exchanges.

2) HVDC back to back helps in inter-connecting regions with different frequencies

Region links Transaction capacity ER-WR Two 400 kV lines with TCSC

(Raipur-Rourkela) . Three 220 kV lines (Korba-Budhipadar)

1200 MW

WR-NR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back (Vindhyachal-Singrauli)

450 MW

ER-SR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back (Jeypore-Gazuwaka) . 2000 MW HVDC Bi-pole (Talcher-Kolar)

2250 MW

WR-SR 1000 MW HVDC Back-to-Back (Bhadravati-Ramagundam -Chandrapur)

900MW

ER-NER 400 kV AC Line (Malda-Bogaigaon) . 400 kV AC Line (Birpara-Salakati)

1050 MW

ER-NR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back (Sasaram-Pusauli)

450 MW

SR-WR 765KV AC Line (Raichur – Solapur)(under construction)

2000 MW

Salient features of Regional interconnection of grids in India :

Interconnection of International Grids A cross-border interconnected grid is one of the main pivots that positively affects the development process between neighboring countries. International power grid interconnections provide links between the electricity transmission systems of two or more adjoining countries, and, thus, interconnections allow those countries to share power generation resources.

Link Transaction capacity

Baharampur (India) – Bheramara (Bangladesh)400KV, 500 MW back to back HVDC Asynchronous interconnection (export)

500 MW

Kataiya(Bihar,INDIA) – Kuasha(Nepal) 132KVA transmission line (export)

200MW

Muzaffarpur(Bihar,INDIA) – Dhalkebar(Nepal)400KV transmission line (Expected to end in 2016) (export)

1000 MW

+400kV HVDC sea link b/w Madurai(TN,INDIA)– Anuradhapura(Srilanka),285km(50km submarine) (export)

500MW

A double circuit 400 kV transmission line connecting the 1,020 MW Tala Hydroelectric Plant (HEP) in Bhutan and Siliguri in the State of West Bengal in India (Import)

1000MW

Salient features of interconnected International Grids :

Advantages of Electric Grids Reduced operational cost Increased employee safety Increased revenue

Volatility arising from dynamic pricing might cause catastrophic rate spikes (similar to Uber’s surge pricing)

Complicated rate structures might not incentivize (encourage) efficiency if customers do not understand what their current rates are.

Disadvantages of Electric Grids

With the completion of Raichur - solapur 765KV line India becomesone of the largest operating synchronous grids in the world (one grid one nation) and Interconnection of international grids help in the improvement of Economy of the country as well as it builds positive relationship between neighbouring countries by power sharing/trading .

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

[1]“Operating Experience of Regional Interconnection In India” Anjan Roy, S. A. Khaparde, Senior Member, IEEE, P. Pentayya, S. Usha, A. R. Abhyankar [2]“OVERVIEW OF ENERGY GRID IN INDIA” (International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology) by Avani Pujara1, Neel Chikhal2, Kaushal Singh

http://www.powergridindia.com

•http://powermin.nic.in

•http://www.srldc.in

THANK YOU